The most distant volcano. The highest volcanoes in Russia

The place on the surface of the planet where hot lava and volcanic gas comes to light is called a volcano. Where are the most dangerous “children of the ancient Roman god of fire” in Russia?

Where are the most volcanoes in Russia?

This terrible and, at the same time, beautiful phenomenon has many classifications. For example, their shape can be thyroid, conical or dome. Or they are divided according to the place of formation - on land, under water, under a glacier, and anywhere a volcano can form. Volcanoes can also be active, or they can be extinct. Or, for example, there are “dormant” volcanoes, and sometimes just “dormant” ones.

A volcanic eruption brings death and destruction. Everything around for many kilometers is covered with hot magma, and a column of carbon dioxide and ash is thrown into the air. But not only destruction is caused by volcanic activity - the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere of the planets forms it. Underwater volcanoes have a huge impact on the formation of the hydrosphere. Scientists believe that volcanic activity may even give rise to life on uninhabited planets.

The most “densely populated” regions on Earth with volcanoes are South and Central America, Hawaii, Alaska, Iceland, the Atlantic, as well as Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. Far East Russia is rich in this extraordinary phenomenon.

The record holder for the number of “active” volcanoes in Russia is the Kuril Islands - there are 37 of them. Only Kamchatka is slightly behind. In total, there are 168 surface and underwater volcanoes in the Kuril Islands. Iturup Island, part of the Kuril Islands, has 9 active volcanoes. It must be said that the Kuril Islands themselves have volcanic origin. And this “land of volcanoes” is populated, with an area of ​​15.6 thousand square meters. km, with only about 18 thousand inhabitants.

The largest active volcano in Russia

Volcanoes that have erupted at least once in the last 10,000 years are considered “active.” In the east of Kamchatka there is a whole “volcanic belt”, consisting of about 30 “active” volcanoes. The highest active volcano in Kamchatka and Russia, as well as in Europe and Asia, is considered to be the Klyuchevskoy volcano, which is part of the Klyuchevskaya Sopka - a mountain formation consisting of 12 conical elevations. The most high point Kamchatka Mountain is located at an altitude of 4850 meters. The last eruption of this volcano occurred in 2013. In general, its age is about 7,000 years.

The volcano has a summit crater with a diameter of about 500 meters. Also on its surface there are side craters located at different heights. These 30 side craters were formed in modern times.

Since Klyuchevsky volcano is active, a column of smoke and steam constantly rises above it - these are the so-called fumarole gases - a mixture of gases from the volcano itself (such as carbon dioxide, chlorine, fluorine, etc.) and gases in the atmosphere and environment.

Once every 5-6 years, but sometimes more often, the volcano, as it were, “gathers its strength” and an eruption occurs, accompanied by volcanic explosions. “Volcanic bombs” fly over the volcano - parts of rocks thrown to the surface by compressed volcanic gases. From the opened craters, streams of hot lava flow down the slopes of the volcano. Lava is liquid but very viscous molten rock. Magma is the natural hot content of the depths of the planet, mainly of silicate composition, when it reaches the surface of the earth and forms lava. Rocks, loose in composition, erupt through the crater at the top. Lava is looking for an outlet to the surface somewhere below. This is how side craters are formed. This formation of side craters Klyuchevsky volcano in 1966 it was called the “Piip breakthrough”, named after the volcanologist Boris Ivanovich Piip, who described and studied it.

At the same time, clouds of ash rise above the mountain of the volcano. It covers the surface for many kilometers. A gray coating is applied to everything. And even the sun's rays find it difficult to break through this ashes - day turns into night.

The last eruption of the Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano to date occurred in October 2013. The Geophysical Survey recorded on October 15, 2013 ash emission on the volcano. The height of the emission column was initially 8.5 kilometers above sea level, but soon reached 10 kilometers. The eruption occurred in a southwestern direction and was assigned a “red” aviation hazard code, the highest.

It must be said that in the 21st century, Klyuchevskaya Sopka erupted already in 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2013. So, Klyuchevsky is the highest in Russia and one of the most “active” volcanoes of our time.

The highest and most famous volcano in Russia

The most famous volcano In Russia, many will call the no longer active volcano Elbrus. Mount Elbrus is famous for the fact that it highest peak Europe. Its height reaches 5642 meters. Elbrus has four periods of volcanic activity. The most ancient volcanic rocks, studied by geologists, are 2-3 million years old.

The time of the last eruption is considered to be the 1st century AD. Elbrus is located on the border of Europe and Asia, Karachevo-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria. It is part of the Caucasus Mountains. Because of its location, we can say that it is “very fortunate” that the highest peak in Europe is a “sleeping” volcano - it is not difficult to imagine the devastating consequences that would entail the eruption of this colossus.

Greetings, dear visitors of my blog, Vladimir Raichev is with you. Today I have prepared a top for you, in which I have listed the most famous volcanoes on the ground. Please note that these volcanoes are active.

Volcanoes spewing hot streams of hot lava, incredibly huge clouds of volcanic ash and stones, cities and villages disappearing and dying under the lava - this is how people imagine active volcanoes. By the way, if you haven’t read it yet, then immediately correct this misunderstanding.

Most active volcanoes today have become very popular among tourists, extreme sports enthusiasts, and those who love thrills. And there are 5 of the most popular active volcanoes in the world, where tourists with a lack of thrills try to get there and see its eruption with their own eyes.

This mighty giant is responsible for the destruction of two cities and thousands of dead people. These are the ancient Roman cities famous at that time - Pompeii and Herculaneum. At the same time, it fascinates tourists with its unusual beauty, located on the unusually beautiful coast of the Gulf of Naples.

IN last time Vesuvius erupted in the 40s of the 20th century. This eruption resulted in widespread destruction and hundreds of casualties. At the same time, modern Italians are not afraid of it at all, but on the contrary, the city is growing, and there are more and more residents every year. This is explained by the fact that the lands around the volcano, fertilized with volcanic ash, are very fertile.

TOP 4: Krakatoa, Indonesia

This volcano is a real find for scientists. After all, this is the only active giant in the world that was able to resurrect after completely destroying itself.

The most powerful and destructive eruption of this unique volcano happened back in 1833. Almost 300 coastal villages were destroyed by a huge wave from the eruption, and more than 30 thousand people died. At the same time, both the volcano itself and the island of the same name on which it was located were destroyed.

However, our giant greatly surprised scientists when in 1927, breaking through the ocean, against all odds, it made itself known with a powerful eruption. The main thing that does not please the scientific community about its appearance is that it has a very strong influence on the weather conditions of the entire globe.

TOP 3: Fujiyama, Japan

For the Japanese, the active volcano Fuji is a shrine, a divine symbol of the soul and its immortality. Followers of Shintoism in Japan founded a temple near the top of a volcano. It is not only a shrine, but also the most popular place among tourists.

It attracts thousands of visiting people with its picturesque open spaces, unusually beautiful landscapes and romantic atmosphere. It attracts thousands of pilgrims with its legends and tales that capture the imagination. The Japanese are not very afraid of this giant, because its last activity was more than three hundred years ago.

TOP 2: Hekla, Iceland

The very first eruption of this giant occurred back in 1104. After the first eruption and to this day, more than 30 fairly powerful eruptions have occurred. The most important thing is that they were all very different and very unpredictable.

Some lasted a couple of hours, some a couple of days, and there were eruptions that lasted a couple of months. So, powerful eruption Hekla in March 1947 ended only in April of the following year. Locals they believe that the more this mighty giant sleeps, the more catastrophic its subsequent eruption will be.

TOP 1: Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Russia

This volcano in picturesque Kamchatka is the largest active volcano in the entire Eurasian space. This fact is already terrifying. Moreover, he is very active, because last eruption happened quite recently, in 2013.

But climbers and mountain tourists, knowing its unpredictable nature, are not afraid of it at all. They climb it every year, and they are attracted by its special phenomenon, such as lenticular clouds. Such clouds surround the top of the volcano and remain motionless even in very strong winds.

That's all, this was a small overview of the most popular active volcanoes that can wake up at any moment, and you can see what a volcanic eruption is in the movie “Crew,” which I reviewed in this article.

Don't forget to subscribe to my blog news to be the first to know about new articles. I also have a huge request to you, share the link to this article with your friends on in social networks, it’s a small thing for you, but I’m pleased. Until we meet again, bye-bye.

The Ulkans store energy that can change nature over significant distances and lead to the collapse of human society. Such places where the internal force of the Planet emerges to the surface are scattered all over the world. Russia also has its own dangerous spots.

A volcanic eruption is not only bright red streams of hot lava hiding cities underneath. The danger comes from emissions of ash, poisonous gases and volcanic bombs. Therefore, such points on the earth's surface are constantly under surveillance.

First, let's outline the geography volcanic activity on the territory of the country.

The undisputed leader in this regard is Kamchatka Krai and Sakhalin region. This region contains not only the vast majority of Russian volcanoes, but also 8,3% active volcanoes of the world.

According to accepted data, there are 119 volcanoes in the Kamchatka Territory, 51 in the Sakhalin Region, and only 2 in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. There are 10 magma outlet points throughout Siberia. And in the Caucasus and Krasnodar region 4.

It is worth mentioning that these figures for Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands cannot be considered exhaustive. Firstly, new volcanoes are formed every year, Secondly, with such an abundance of exits, the calculation is carried out starting from a certain size of the volcano.

In June 2017, a real “relay of eruptions” began in Kamchatka: several large volcanoes showed serious activity, which we will talk about below.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka. Height - from 4750 to 4850 m

The country's tallest volcano is one of the most active today. Erupts every 1-3 years.

It is capable of throwing columns of ash eight kilometers upward. With each eruption it gets higher. Volcano erupts Klyuchevskaya Sopka over the past 7 thousand years.

On July 17, 2017, the hill was assigned an orange danger level, indicating continued activity and a high probability of ash emissions and the onset of an eruption. The beginning of ash emissions to a height of up to 10 km was noted in early June and has been continuing for 2 months.

The classic pyramidal volcano (stratovolcano) is the highest active on the Eurasian continent. In terms of its potential capacity, it is one of the largest in the world.

Karymskaya Sopka. Height - 1468 m

Karymskaya Sopka

Hyperactive volcano in Kamchatka. Its size is several times smaller than Klyuchevskoye, but the eruption danger level is one of the highest. Hot gases are constantly released from the crater of the volcano.

This is a typical stratovolcano with the shape of a regular cone. The diameter of the crater is about 250 m.

It began to take shape six thousand three hundred years ago. Even then he was very active - he was “awake” for more than 700 years. Then there were fewer eruptions and they were all short-lived and not so strong. Most strong eruptions took place 4400, 4200 and 4000 years ago. The period of activation ended approximately two thousand eight hundred years ago. Five hundred years ago began new stage volcanic eruptions, which continue to this day.

Karymsky volcano is the most active in Kamchatka: over the past hundred years it has erupted twenty times. Moreover, these eruptions were long-lasting, some lasted for years and were accompanied by emissions that followed one after another.

Next to it is Karymskoye Lake. In 1996, a local disaster occurred here - a strong explosion occurred at the bottom of the reservoir, as a result of which all living organisms in the lake died.

Over the past ten years, Karymsky has erupted twice: in 2005 and 2010. In 2015, the height of the ash reached 7000 m. As of July 11, 2017, a volcanic cloud up to 4 km high hung over Sopka, and the ash plume stretched 91 km to the south of the peninsula.

As a rule, the awakening Karymskaya Sopka awakens all the other neighboring volcanoes.

Shiveluch. Height - 3307 m

Eruptions of the Shiveluch volcano

The northernmost active volcano in Russia. Shiveluch has a large reserve of energy and, as a result of eruptions, regularly undergoes self-destruction. So, in 2005, the height of the massif decreased by 115 m after the explosion. On September 14, 2008, the dome of the volcano collapsed, also after an eruption.

The diameter of the base of the volcano is 45-50 km. Age - 60-70 thousand years. In the fall of 1964, one of the most powerful eruptions of Shiveluch was recorded. Then the ash column rose to a height of 15 km.

47 km from Shiveluch there is a large village of Klyuchi, which after each explosion is covered with a layer of volcanic ash. Schools here are regularly closed, and residents carry gauze bandages with them.

Nameless. Height - 2882 m

Nameless Volcano. Photo: kscnet.ru

Since Soviet times, he has been known as Nameless.

When the Kamchatka volcanic station was founded in Klyuchi in 1935, observations of Bezymianny were rare and fleeting. There were no systematic reports on it; volcanologists didn’t even come up with a name for it. But in 1955, unprepossessing and unattractive to anyone interesting volcano, as the Poet once said, “he forced me to respect myself, and I couldn’t think of anything better.”

This volcano gave the name to a new type of eruption - “Nameless type”, recognized by all volcanologists in the world. What happened here on March 30, 1956 was included in textbooks on geology and volcanology. The eruption began in the fall of 1955, and its culmination was at the end of March 1956.

The eruption was accompanied by endless earthquakes. And later, the eastern slope of the volcano completely collapsed, as a result of which a gigantic explosion was provoked. Its air wave circled the globe one and a half times.

A column of ash shot into the air to a height of about 45 km. A powerful flow of debris and mud filled the bed of the Kamchatka River. In fact, since 1956, a new volcano. Its cone-shaped appearance was destroyed, the height decreased significantly from 3075 to 2882 m.

Nameless is a young but very active stratovolcano. It is active along with other neighboring volcanoes. On June 16, 2017, Bezymyanny “took up” the baton of Shiveluch and by the evening produced a powerful emission of ash to a height of up to 10 km.

Chikurachki. Height - 1816 m

Chikurachki. Photo: Zametnya Vyacheslav

Today it is the most active object on Kuril Islands. The volcano showed its last activity in August 2016. Since then, it has erupted several times a year.

The diameter of the base of the volcano is 9 km. The diameter of the crater is 450 meters. “Giant” is located on the island of Paramushir and is one of the highest in the Kuril Islands. Fumarolic activity in the form of thin streams of released gases almost never stops.

Volcano Sarychev. Height - 1496 m

Eruption of Sarycheva volcano, June 12, 2009

The island of Matua (no, not Hawaii - the Kuril Islands) has its own giant - the Sarychev volcano. Now the volcano is in the stage of fumarolic activity - gases are constantly coming out of the crater. The last powerful eruption occurred in 2009. But it was an event on a large scale. From the ISS, astronauts took many photographs of the early and active stages of the eruption, which flew around the world. Huge columns of ash reached a height of 16 km. As a result of the 2009 eruption, the area of ​​the island increased by 1.5 km², and almost all vegetation died on an area of ​​up to 30 km².

The volcano is named after the Russian polar explorer and hydrographer G. A. Sarychev.

Ebeko. Height - 1156 m

Ebeko Volcano. Photo: Lyakhovets Sergey

A massive volcano, also located on the island. Paramushir. 3 craters decorate the top of the volcano and during periods of reduced activity can be filled with water. Just 7 km from the volcano is the city of Severo-Kurilsk, which is regularly covered with a layer of ash.

The volcano is a complex system of lava and gases that are scattered throughout the body of the object. A large number of gas outlets constantly release sulfur, boron and arsenic, forming a dangerous atmosphere on the slopes of the volcano.

The last major eruption occurred in 2009. Since then, Ebeko has remained silent. Since 2016, fumarole activity has increased.

Flat Tolbachik. Height - 3085 m

Flat Tolbachik. Photo: Sergey Gorshkov

An active and very high volcano is located in the east of Kamchatka, in the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. About 8 thousand people live near it. There is no threat of eruption today, but the powerful massif poses a serious danger.

Flat Tolbachik is a new formation on the site of a huge ancient volcano. Its peculiarity is that here in 1975 the sixth event in the history of mankind occurred. fissure eruption(before that, 2 were in Iceland (930, 1783-1784), 2 in Mexico (1759-1774, 1943-1952) and 1 in 1730-1736 in Spain).

Flat Tolbachik is extremely rarely in an active state, but remains in it for a long time. Since 1740, only 12 eruptions have been recorded, but all of them were long-lasting.

The eruptions of this volcano are some of the most spectacular. There are no such eruptions on any Kamchatka volcano. The volcano pours liquid lava streams down from the cracks, and not up.

Such eruptions in the non-scientific environment are also called tourist , since it is they who, due to the relative safety and photogenicity of flowing lava rivers, attract greatest number tourists. Unlike summit eruptions, during fissure lava outpourings you can fly quite close to the volcano by helicopter.

Despite the use of the latest technological advances, measuring instruments and techniques, it is almost impossible to determine the time and probability of an eruption.

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