In which territory there are active volcanoes. Highest active volcanoes

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Volcanoes are geological formations that form above cracks in, through which lava, ash, loose rocks, boiling gases and water break out.

Active volcanoes include those that erupted in historical time or showed other signs of activity (emission of gases and steam, etc.). Some scientists consider active those volcanoes about which it is reliably known that they have erupted over the past 10 thousand years.

Earth's seismic and volcanic activity is increasing, although this may seem paradoxical. Signs are visible almost everywhere. The sun began to amaze specialists because it began to remove unknown particles that gave rise to a mutation in matter that was announced by Russian scientists, and American scientists described it as "unusual and unexpected." The next solar cycle may simply not take place.

Scientists increasingly associate solar activity with the Earth's climate. There are 16 volcanoes in the world that have not yet known the smallest eruption for hundreds of thousands of years, even millions of years. In order to photograph the supervirus timeline, we note that the youngest graded class 8 last erupted a thousand years ago.

The largest cluster of active volcanoes in a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe planet is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Malay Archipelago - the largest on Earth, located between the mainland and. On Russian territory the largest number active volcanoes in the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka. About 60 volcanoes erupt annually, and about a third of them erupted in the previous year. There is information about 627 volcanoes that have erupted over the past 10 thousand years.

Eight of these dormant volcanoes began to wake up from March 20. Eleven overseers are now in active awakening! They discovered craters with a diameter of 5 km of deep volcanoes and 7 active volcanoesvisible over the sea like a chain of islands.

The underwater landscape, with its heated volcanic waters, creates habitat for many species of wildlife and provides important information about life on our planet. The "Super Volcano" located near Naples in southern Italy is likely to wake up soon, which could be bad for the region itself and for the entire European continent. It is impossible to say for sure if the eruption will occur or when it will occur, but it is clear that it is a serious threat to the 500,000 Italians who live in the region.

Volcano Location Height, m Eruptions
Llullaillaco Chilean-Argentine Andes 6 723 It erupted for the last time in 1877.
Cotopaxi Ecuador, South America 5 896 It erupted for the last time in 1976.
Misty Peru, Central Andes 5 821
Orisaba Mexican highlands 5 700
Popocatepetl Mexico 5 452 It erupted for the last time in February 2003.
Sangay Ecuador 5 410 Until 1728, the volcano was considered asleep. Then he woke up and for about 200 years did not give rest to the surrounding inhabitants; however, the eruptions were not too dangerous.
Sanford Southeast Alaska 4 949
Klyuchevskaya Sopka kamchatka Peninsula 4 750 It erupted for the last time in January 2004.
Rainier Cordillera, Cascade Mountains 4 392
Tahumulco Central America 4 217
Mauna loa Hawaiian Islands 4 170 In 1868, Hawaii was hit by the tsunami twice - on April 2 and August 13. On April 2, the tsunami was caused by the eruption of the Mauna Loa volcano.
Fako Cameroon 4 070
Fuego Guatemala 3 835 Eruptions of the volcano occur every few years, ejections of basaltic ash sometimes reach the stratosphere, and their volume in one of the eruptions was 0.1 km 3.
Kerinci about. Sumatra 3 805
Erebus about. Rossa, Antarctica 3 794
Fujiyama about. Honshu 3 776 The most devastating eruptions occurred in 800, 864 and 1707. During the last eruption, the city of Edo, located 120 km away, was covered with a layer of ash of 15 cm. In 1923, a volcanic eruption destroyed more than 700,000 homes in a few seconds, and 142,000 people were missing.
Teide Canary islands 3 718 Once the volcano was much higher, about 5000 m. However, in 1706, as a result of a strong eruption, the top of the volcano collapsed.
Semeru about. Java 3 676 The highest active volcano is about. Me you. Very active, erupting more than once every three years.
Colima Mexico 3 658 The volcano is prone to short-term, but extremely violent eruptions explosive type. The latter happened in February 2002.
Ichinskaya Sopka kamchatka Peninsula 3 621
Kronotskaya Sopka kamchatka Peninsula 3 528
Nyiragongo virunga mountains (Africa) 3 470 The last eruption took place on January 17-19, 2002. B about most of the city of Goma was destroyed by lava, at least 45 people died.
Koryakskaya Sopka kamchatka Peninsula 3 546
Etna about. Sicily 3 340 Volcanic eruptions have been occurring for hundreds of thousands of years. One of the most active and largest volcanoes on Earth. Its base is more than 50 km long.
Shiveluch kamchatka Peninsula 3 283 The last eruption took place in January 2004.
Lassen Peak Cordillera, Cascade Mountains 3 187
Llama South Andes, Chile 3 124
Nyamuragira Virunga Mountains (Africa) 3 056 The last eruption was in July 2002.
Apo about. Mindanao, Philippines 2 954
Baitoushan (Chinese)
Paektusan (Korean)		 Changbai Highlands on the border of the PRC and DPRK 2 744 The last eruption was in 1904.
Avachinskaya Sopka, Avacha Southeast Kamchatka, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 2 741 There have been 16 eruptions since the 1730s; the last in 1926, 1938 (three), 1945, 2004.
Bromo Indonesia, eastern part of about. Java, in the north of the Tenger mountain range 2 614 Until 1967, 37 eruptions were recorded (the first dated - in 1804).
Asama about. Honshu, Japan 2 542 The last eruption (gases, ash and lava) in 1958. The last catastrophic eruption was in 1783.
Kizimen kamchatka Peninsula 2 485
Alaid Kuril Islands, about. Atlasova 2 339 The highest active volcano in the Kuril ridge.
Shish peninsula Kamchatka 2 346
Berenberg about. Jan Mayen, northern part Atlantic Ocean 2 277
Katmai Alaska 2 047
Api Indonesia 1 949
Bandai about. Honshu, Japan 1 819 During a catastrophic eruption in 1888, the top and one side of the cone were demolished.
Arenal Costa Rica 1 657 A volcano believed to be extinct; woke up in 1968. Then, during the eruption, two villages were destroyed, 87 people died. The last eruption took place in September 2003.
Asso about. Kyushu, Japan 1 592 By the number of eruptions, it occupies one of the first places among the volcanoes in the world (more than 70 eruptions).
Hekla (Hekla) 1 491 The first dated eruption took place in 1104. In 1766, the eruption was especially destructive and was accompanied by human casualties. The last major eruption was in 1947-1948.
Soufriere Lesser Antilles 1 467 The last eruption took place in 2001.
Montagne Pele about. Martinique, West Indies 1 397 After a catastrophic eruption in 1902, a lava spire formed in the crater, which grew by 9 m per day and as a result reached a height of 250 m, and a year later collapsed.
Vesuvius , near Naples 1 281 Eruptions in 79, 1631, 1794, 1822, 1872, 1906 and 1944.
Kilauea Hawaiian Islands 1 247 Recent eruptions occurred in 1967-1968
Stromboli Lipari Islands 926 It has been in a state of activity for over 400 years.

Terrified the person. Tons of hot lava, molten rocks, and emissions of poisonous gases destroyed cities and even entire states. Today the volcanoes of the Earth have not become calmer. Nevertheless, both in the distant past and today, they attract thousands of researchers and scientists from all over the world. The desire to find out and understand what happens to the fire-breathing mountain during the eruption, how this process takes place, and what precedes it, forces scientists to climb dangerous slopes, approaching craters where the elements are raging.

An extinct volcano was reactivated in Buzau after the earthquakes

A possible eruption could be accompanied by significant climate changes, not to mention negative impact on the lungs due to diffusion of sulfur dioxide. The surface of the land has grown to 1.80 meters per week. In the volcanoes, the Pashel-Marie volcanoes, Buzau district, dormant volcano was reactivated after the last earthquakes in Romania. The rivers of "lava" on the slopes of the mountain reached 1.6 kilometers in length, and several surrounding areas were white and gray in color due to the worst ash rain recorded in the year Popocatepetl, whose name means a mountain that smokes "in the Nahuatl language" second place in Mexico in terms of height, Aggepres recalls.

Today volcanologists have united into an international organization (IAVCEI). She carefully monitors possible eruptions that could pose a threat to human life. Today there is a list where there is the name of the volcanoes, their location and the likelihood of the next eruption. This helps prevent loss of life, evacuate people from the danger zone if necessary, and take emergency measures.

It has a height of 452 meters, a crater 900 meters in diameter and a depth of 150 meters, according to the National Center for Prevention natural Disasters... The Don Goyo Crater, as locals call it, is constantly monitored by four cameras, and images of lava eruptions and gilded columns are broadcast live on the Internet for two kilometers. At the same time, there are 15 stations on the slopes of the mountain, which measure telluric movements and carry out chemical analysis of the gases emitted.

Approximately 80 people were evacuated in the morning, but the evacuation of others settlementslocated in the states of Jalisco and Colima, was resolved at the end of the day when the activity of the volcano increased. There are small communities that do not exceed 800 inhabitants. Everyone was evacuated, ”said Luis Felipe Puente, national civil protection coordinator.

Etna (Italy)

We decided to start our review from this mountain not by chance. the photo of which you see below in the article is active, active, one of the largest and most dangerous on Earth. It is located in the east of Sicily, near Catania and Messina.

Its activity is explained by its location at the junction of the Eurasian and African ones.On this break there are other active mountains of the country - Vesuvius, Stromboli, Vulcano. Scientists claim that in ancient times (15-35 thousand years ago) Mount Etna, a photo of which is often printed in special editions, was distinguished by explosive eruptions that left vast layers of lava. In the XXI century, Etna eruptions occurred more than 10 times, fortunately, without human casualties.

The perimeter security around the crater was increased to 12 kilometers and vehicle traffic was restricted to the entire sector. The Colima volcano, located between Colima and Jalisco, is one of the most active in Mexico. Its last eruption dates back to January.

Spectacular images of a volcanic eruption in Chile

The Campi Flegrei volcano, located under the Italian city of Naples, is showing signs of revitalization but is also approaching critical pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. This would allow high-temperature vapors to permeate the surrounding rocks, said lead author Giovanni Chiodini, a researcher at the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Bologna, Italy.

It is difficult to pinpoint the height of this mountain, since its top point changes due to frequent eruptions. They usually happen after a few months. Etna occupies a huge area (1250 sq. Km). After lateral eruptions, 400 craters appeared near Etna. On average, every three to four months, the volcano ejects lava. It is potentially dangerous in the event of a powerful eruption. Thanks to the latest scientific developments, scientists hope to detect the increased activity of the mountain in time.

The researcher added that at this time it is impossible to tell when or if the volcano will erupt again. The most active volcano in Europe, Etna, erupted for the 17th time this year. The airport in this city was closed for some time due to smoke and volcanic ash.

Yellowstone volcano becomes the world's largest clock bomb

A hot stream of lava descended into an uninhabited valley from the crater side, and no one was hurt. Some of us forget that we are living with the biggest clock bomb in our own country. The Yellowstone Volcano is just one of 10 surveys on Earth, but scientists believe this is the first explosion.

Sakurajima (Japan)

Experts consider the Earth's volcanoes active if they have been active in the last 3000 years. This Japanese volcano has been active all the time since 1955. It belongs to the first category. In other words, the eruption can start at any time. A not very strong lava outburst was noted in February 2009. The residents of Kagoshima City are almost constantly accompanied by anxiety. Teachings, equipped shelters have become part of their everyday life.

Recently, a team of researchers using seismic technology that scans deep volcanoes exploded a bomb. Yellowstone volcano was considered the most big volcano on the continent. But with this new discovery there may be the most big volcano in the world.

“The newly discovered hot rock will fill up to 1000 cubic miles of the Grand Canyon approximately 11.2 times, and the previously known magma chamber will fill the Grand Canyon 2.5 times, ”says Jamie Farrell, a doctoral research student. In addition, Yellowstone Volcano has very intense underground activity.

Researchers have installed webcams over the crater, so Sakurajima is under constant surveillance. I must say that the volcanoes on the islands can change the topography. This happened in Japan, when in 1924 the strongest eruption of Sakurajima occurred. Powerful tremors warned the city of the danger, most of the residents managed to leave their homes and evacuate.

Some researchers have stated that there are no real signs of an imminent eruption. But at the same time, they note that early eruptions come quickly and unexpectedly. Study of the shape and composition of crystals formed at more early eruptions, indicates that the molten material quickly rose to the surface and did not stop in pools near the surface before being discarded. This suggests that deep recharging of the magma reservoir can lead to relatively rapid eruptions, and there can be no clear indication that magma is moving to the surface to warn us in advance.

After that, the volcano bearing the name Sakurajima (which means “Sakura Island”) can no longer be called an island. A huge amount of lava formed an isthmus that connected the mountain with the island of Kyushu. And another year after the eruption, lava slowly flowed out of the crater. The bottom of the bay rose in the center of the Aira caldera, located eight kilometers from Sakurajima.

All this suggests that monitoring reservoirs during magma filling is probably the best way understand what will happen next time with Yellowstone volcano... Like survival cancer is destructive. This is supported by genetic evidence showing that humans today come from a very small population ranging from 000 to 000 reproductive pairs.

The eruptions of the Surgeons are so violent that circular calipers are often formed rather than cones, because the downward pull of the magma causes the mass to collapse and fill the magma chamber below. Two of Yellowstone's three major eruptions are classified as "Superheroes".

Aso (Japan)

This popular tourist attraction for extreme lovers is actually dangerous volcanowhich in 2011 threw out a large number of lava and ash, which covered an area of \u200b\u200b100 kilometers. Since that moment, more than 2,500 powerful tremors have been registered. This suggests that at any moment he can destroy the nearby village.

Panic in Tenerife, where the volcano is showing signs of eruption. Earthquakes last days forced the tourists to flee. Tourists who are now in Tenerife live with fear that the volcano could erupt after almost 100 earthquakes recorded in the last few days on this island.

Earthquakes have occurred up to 13 kilometers deep, so it is possible that the volcano is being affected. The Canary Institute for Vulcanization has released a statement on the matter, saying that they are doing research in the field of recorded earthquakes.

Vesuvius (Italy)

Wherever there are volcanoes - on continents or on islands, they are equally dangerous. Vesuvius is very powerful and therefore very dangerous. He is one of the three active Scientists have information about 80 major eruptions this mountain. The worst thing happened in 79. Then the cities of Pompey, Stabia, Herculaneum were completely destroyed.

In principle, these earthquakes are of very low magnitude, consistent with those that occur with active volcanoes. An island in the North Atlantic Ocean is enchanted by its beauty. It is a mountainous island with abundant volcanoes. Nature is the pride of the people of this country. It's not for nothing that travelers from all over the world call Iceland one of the most beautiful and interesting travel destinations. Particular attention is paid to the volcanoes on this island.

South of Iceland, about 125 kilometers from Reykjavik, lies the 78 square miles Eyjafjallajokum volcano. The crater itself has a diameter of 3-4 meters. It is under the glacier that the volcano covers. Eyjafjallajokull Volcano is the sixth largest iceberg in Iceland.

One of the last powerful eruptions noted in 1944. The height of this mountain is 1281 m, the diameter of the crater is 750 m.

Colima (Mexico)

Many of us remember the names of volcanoes (at least some of them) from the school curriculum, we learn about others from newspapers, and only specialists are aware of the third ones. Colima is perhaps the most dangerous and powerful in the world. Last time it erupted in June 2005. Then the column of ash ejected from the crater rose to a great height (more than 5 km). Local authorities had to evacuate residents of nearby villages.

Hekla volcano is located in the south of Iceland. It belongs to the 40 km long volcanic flour. It is known as one of the most active volcanoes in this country. You can also mention the fact that since 874 it has more than 20 eruptions. Of these, two are particularly active. In the Middle Ages, Hekka called the volcano "The Gate to Hell", and some stories say that the most powerful witches in the world gather here once a year.

One of the most visited volcanoes is Herdubraid volcano. It is special because it flows under the ice. At the same time, a lava lake is formed. Because of this feature, the volcano in the north of Iceland is one of the most interesting places in this country. It is worth noting that the constantly growing mountain develops over time. Since then, the Herdubraid Summit has become a dream come true for all climbers who have arrived in Iceland. If you decide and you climb to the top, be careful because this is a rather dangerous road.

This fire-breathing mountain consists of 2 conical peaks. Nevado de Colima is the highest of them all. Its height is 4,625 m. It is considered extinct, and the other peak is an active volcano. It is called Volcan de Fuego de Colima - "Fiery Volcano". Its height is 3,846 m. \u200b\u200bThe locals called it the Mexican Vesuvius.

Since 1576, it has erupted over 40 times. And today it is extremely dangerous not only for residents of nearby cities, but for the whole of Mexico.

The volcano is located in the southeast of the country. Its surface is covered not only with various rocks and layers of lava, but also with an eternal layer of snow and ice. This is one of the most interesting routes. Not only the right clothing and ammo, but stamina as well, will require a climb. However, the vision of images and experiences will last forever in the memory of every traveler. Tourists are recommended to arrive here in June, July, August and September.

Then the most best time for a great sightseeing tour that won't disappoint anyone. There are few volcanoes in Europe, and most of them exist on the island of Iceland and the Apennine Peninsula. Italy is often associated with its famous volcanoes: the highest Etna, famous Vesuvia and the most active Stromboli.

Galeras (Colombia)

Often, the name of volcanoes is directly related to the area on which the mountain is located. But the name Galeras has nothing to do with the nearby town of Pasto.

It's huge and powerful volcano... Its height reaches 4276 meters. The base diameter is more than 20 kilometers, and the crater diameter is 320 meters. It is located in Colombia (South America).

The highest and largest European volcano in Ethiopia stands on the slope of Sicily. The perimeter of the volcano is about 160 kilometers in London, and more than 200 side craters have formed on the slopes of Etna. Large eruptions this volcano is repeated every two, three years.

Etna burst from top to bottom and poured millions of tons of lava into the nearby city of Catania and its surroundings. Regular eradication regularly destroys agricultural land and invades villages. It would seem that the surroundings of this volcano are not a good place for people to live. However, the Etna slopes are one of the most densely populated areas of Sicily. Although rivers of volcanic lava devastate a variety of assets, roads and railways, they only flow occasionally and slowly, so human casualties are rare.

At the foot of this gigantic mountain is the small town of Pasto. In August 2010, its residents had to be urgently evacuated due to strongest eruption... The region has declared an emergency of the highest degree. The authorities sent more than 400 police officers to the area to provide assistance to the townspeople.

Scientists say that over the past 7 thousand years, the volcano has woken up at least 6 times. Moreover, all the eruptions were very powerful. When conducting research works in 1993, six geologists died in the crater. At this time, another eruption began. In 2006, residents of the surrounding villages were evacuated due to the threat of a strong lava release.

Volcano Elbrus

On the border of Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria is the highest point of Europe and, of course, Russia - Elbrus. It is connected with the northern part of the Greater Caucasus by the Lateral Range. Volcano Elbrus consists of two peaks, which are approximately the same height. Its eastern part reaches 5621 m, and the western part - 5642 m.

It is a cone-shaped stratovolcano. Its layers are formed by flows of tuff, lava, ash. The last eruptions of Elbrus were recorded 2500 years ago. Over time, it took on its current form. Few volcanoes on Earth can boast of such a beautiful, "classic" cone-shaped shape. As a rule, craters are rapidly eroded by erosion. The beauty of Elbrus is protected by its mantle of ice and snow. It does not go down even in summer, for which the volcano was nicknamed Little Antarctica.

Despite the fact that he reminded of himself for a long time, experts observing his current state and degree of activity do not consider him extinct. They call the mountain "sleeping". The volcano is active (fortunately, not yet destructive). Hot masses are still stored in its depths. They "warm up" well-known sources. Their temperature reaches + 52 ° С and + 60 ° С. They seep through the cracks to the surface

Today Elbrus is a unique natural area, a valuable scientific base. During the Soviet era, scientific research, and now there is a geophysical laboratory, the highest in Europe.

Popocatepetl (Mexico)

This is the very country, located 50 kilometers from the capital - Mexico City. The city of twenty million is always prepared for an emergency evacuation. In addition, there are also two other large cities - Tlaxcala de Jikotencatl and Puebla. This restless volcano also makes their inhabitants nervous. Sulfur, gas, stones and dust are emitted almost every month. In the last decade alone, the volcano has erupted three times.

Mauna Loa volcano (USA, Hawaii)

It is the largest "fiery mountain" on the Earth by volume. Together with the underwater part, it is 80,000 cubic meters. km! Southeast slope and summit are part national park "Hawaiian Volcanoes".

There is a volcanological station on Mauna Loa. Research and ongoing observations have been carried out since 1912. There are also solar and atmospheric observatories.

The last eruption was recorded in 1984. The height of the mountain above sea level is 4,169 meters.

Nyiragongo (Congo)

As already noted, the name of volcanoes may not always be known to ordinary citizens living on another continent. This does not make the mountain less dangerous. Its activities are monitored by specialists and promptly report an increase in activity.

Next on our list is the active volcano Nyiragongo, which is 3469 meters high. It is located in the central part of the African continent, in the Virunga Mountains. The volcano is considered the most dangerous in Africa. In part, it connects with the more ancient mountains Shaheru and Baratu. It is surrounded by hundreds of smoldering small volcanic cones. 40% of all observed eruptions on the continent occur here.

Mount Rainier (USA)

Rounding out our list is a stratovolcano located in Pierce County, Washington, 87 km south of Seattle.

Rainier is part of the Volcanic Arc. Its height is 4 392 meters. Its summit is made up of two volcanic craters.

We have presented you the most famous volcanoes... Their list is, of course, incomplete, because, according to scientists, there are more than 600 active mountains alone. Moreover, every year 1-2 new volcanoes appear on Earth.



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