Extinct volcanoes of the world list and location. Kara-Dag. Extinct volcanoes
Name Kara-Dag translated as black mountain. The extinct volcano showed its last activity one hundred and fifty million years ago, the highest height of one of its peaks, called Mount "Holy", is five hundred and seventy-seven meters. Resting in Kurortnoye You can always say that you lived at the foot of the volcano, as many at home and kurortny hotels located directly on its slopes. What is the difference between an extinct volcano and an active or dormant one? According to scientists, if volcano has not been active for more than ten thousand years, it can be classified as extinct. But this is not a strict rule, at any moment volcanic activity may resume. Part of the mountain range Kara-Dag located in the coastal part attracts tourists with its picturesque rock formations, which have received their own names over the years, such as " Ivan the robber", "Damn finger"or famous" Golden gates of Crimea"there is also a legend that a sea monster lives in these places -" Karadag snake"
There is gold in the river sediments. In the region of the Kaczava mountains and foothills, traces of up to three periods of volcanic activity can be observed. A monumental example of volcanic volcanism, reaching about 250 million years ago, is a natural monument of the Velguwa organ in Schodziva. Much more traces in the form of lava coverings and volcanic chimneys remained behind the volcanism of the Miocene period. This was the result of deep cracks and displacement of rock blocks, as a result of which mines were created.
Sudeten marginal error. Volcanic processes led to the creation of volcanic chimneys, among others: Ostrzyca-Hoboschevica, Vilca-Gora and Chartovskaya rock. They made the Earth of erupted volcanoes a reservoir of basalt. In the mountains and on the Kachava foothills, metal ores are also widely represented - copper, lead, silver and iron, which have been exploited in the region since the Middle Ages. Some of the old, abandoned mine workings are where valuable rocks and minerals are found. Among them, the Kachavian agates, which are among the most beautiful in the world, enjoy their worldwide reputation and owe their existence to the presence of volcanic processes in the region.
The Scandinavian glacier has left many footprints that have given the final look at the landscape of the Kachava River Basin. He marked his presence by leaving sediments of sand, gravel and clay. On the peaks, which rose like islands above the ice sheet, a boulder formed. We can admire the volcanic landscape, especially the Kachava foothills, thanks to the presence of the basalt hills of ancient volcanoes. The landscape of the Kazava foothills also creates another type of landscape that is unique in the Sudetenland. They have bizarre rocks created in chalky sandstone, such as the Steep Skaly in Djercmanice Zdrój, or the pseudookkai caves in the Dřunnica Valley.
Is situated on Hawaiian Islands, last eruption took place about one hundred and fifty thousand years ago, a height of two hundred thirty-two meters. The name of the volcano "Diamond Head", translated as a diamond head, gave english sailors who found shiny minerals like diamonds at the bottom of the crater.
In the town of Wojcieszow, crystalline limestone is still called, due to its beauty, Wojtuszow marble. The Kazawa Mountains and Foothills are one of the few areas of such well-preserved nature in Poland and Europe. Countless wildlife enthusiasts will delight anyone, regardless of the season. Designed to protect the original arrangement of the basalt columns that resemble rose petals. The quarry, which exploited the basalt from a volcanic chimney, shaking the area just 17 million years ago, discovered the rock's extraordinary beauty.
This hilly hill contains not only geological values, but also valuable thermophilic plants. To this day, near the green path, there are three beautiful sandstone caves - Skalny Vodospad, Vilca and Niederduy Jama. You can get here along the green pedestrian path from Zlotoryj via Djercmanice or from Vilków.
According to some sources, this is an ancient dormant volcano, on other limestone massif. Located between Crimean villages Koreiz and Levadia near Yalta, the height reaches eight hundred and four meters. The surface of the mountain is covered with abundant vegetation, "Magobi" belongs to the Yalta Mountain Forest Reserve.
One must look at these unusual forms of a reddish rhyolitic blow, arranged in the shape of a fan. At the top, which offers a beautiful view of the vast panorama of the Kadzawa Mountains, there are the remains of a double medieval fortress with the ruins of a robber's castle and a tavern.
In the upper part there are numerous caves, tunnels with gold mines and mysterious hollows. The Kazawa Mountains are the Polish Mecca of agate seekers - beautiful, semi-precious, volcanic rocks... Here you will find a place known to seekers.
Known as the Silesian Fujiyama, a geological and floristic reserve created to protect a complex of plants and a unique basalt basin. Top part chimney of an extinct volcano and one of the most beautiful vantage points, as the old chronicler wrote that "the dust of everyday life can be spilled from your feet and the great forest air will refresh your body and spirit." There are rare mountain snails - small snails and butterflies. This cone was the center of sun worship during the Lusatian cultural period. During the Reformation, many "dissidents" lived in the area of \u200b\u200bSpitsberg, which belonged to the Protestant Schwenckfed sect.
Cape on the southwest crimea coast, near Sevastopol and has volcanic origin... Leftovers ancient volcano operating here more than one hundred and fifty million years ago, covered by the sea. " Fiolent"translated from turkish - "Tiger Cape" has several more names with which ancient legends are associated.
Legend has it that they ended up there after falling out of the devil's sack. The scorners of Legnica and the devil decided to take them to hell at the end of the world. So he pushed them towards a giant sack, which broke through to the rocky hilltop, and the infidels scattered around. To this day, their descendants come from all over the world to Twardotsice to see the obelisk raised in memory of those times and their spiritual leader Daniel Kaspar von Schwenckfelde.
The image of the Silesian Fujziyah is an integral part of the picturesque and mysterious foothills of Kaczawa. They run in this way - Pustynsky castle and traces of extinct volcanoes from Belkina and Truschov. The city is located 23 km south-west of Hoinuv, in the Zlotoryai district, in the commune of Zagrodno. At the top, among the greenery, the castle dominates, being the last place of the so-called Šlakie Grodów Piastowski, running from Zagorz Silesian.
An extinct volcano that operated in the four hundred and forty-second year BC is located in Myanmar... The height of one thousand five hundred and eighteen meters, at the top is a Buddhist monastery, Mount Popa is considered a holy place and is a place of mass pilgrimage.
The castle - since post-war times - has always attracted interest and attracted tourists. The favorable location - far from rural buildings, natural landscapes - makes you not listen to the sounds of modern civilization. Historical sources claim that the name of the castle comes from Gura Grodka, where the tribes of Bobrtsan worshiped their deities. Others suggest that the one at the top of the castle was supposed to block the path for enemies - from the word "bulkhead". Exact date creation is not easy.
Several selected dates showing the fate of the castle. The owner of the castle - despite the renovation - provides visitors with the opportunity to see its interior in all severity and nakedness before the changes in the decor and purpose of the premises take place. Like every castle, Grodzhec also has its own secrets and legends worth exploring, including for the knights in the scarlet cloak, the black ghost, the beautiful well, the spirit of the bloody Elfrida, Black Christopher, tragic love and the White Lady circling above the old chambers.
Dormant volcano on the island Sumatra, known for its catastrophic eruption about seventy thousand years ago. The lake of the same name is located in the formed caldera (a huge crater) with an area of \u200b\u200bone thousand seven hundred square kilometers. Volcanic ash "Toba" was found in Africa, 7000 kilometers from Sumatra.
A large castle stretches from the north, and the upper castle is located just above the south. The walls of the upper castle are an irregular hexagon with towers at the corners and a residential tower in the southern part. The entrance to the castle goes through the gate. Between the castle walls and the upper castle, two bastions were built on the east and west. The castle courtyard is surrounded by buildings, of which only part has been preserved without marking. The most interesting is the palace building located in the southeastern part and connected with the residential tower. This two-story building had a steep roof.
In the name of the ancient Roman god, the patron saint of fire, the formidable natural phenomena there are volcanoes on our planet. When molten magma from the Earth's interior rises to the surface, it breaks open and pours out through channels and cracks in the form of lava. A volcano erupts. This is a dangerous and very beautiful sight that can cost your life.
It has a terrace overlooking the courtyard and vaulted interiors. Interesting are the rooms in the northern part with a stellar vault and crossed ribs, as well as the inside of the chapel in the southern part. The palace has a number of interesting portals and other architectural details from the time of construction and general reconstruction. Ultimately, the castle has a tourist function with accommodation, restaurant, cafe, gallery and other attractions. At the moment, tourists can use the buffet and cafe "under the cloud" in the courtyard, and from the observation tower - a panorama of the area.
Fire-breathing mountains were painted on the very first maps, described by travelers and sailors, they were feared, representing the entrances to the underworld. So, for example, Mount Etna on the island of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea near Dante is the gateway to Hell. The volcano Santorini, located on one of the Greek islands, could well be the prototype of the legendary Atlantis, which perished in the depths of the waters during its eruption.
It hosts separate meetings, and in the season - interesting outdoor events, concerts of groups, draftsmen, knightly tournaments, etc. The British Overseas Territories in North America that most of us know so little about that they will overlook the alleged spelling error of the name Montserrat. This island destination is well worth a visit, especially through the lens of its capital, Plymouth, which means an extinct city!
Montserrat with the marked area is marked. Warsaw, the capital of Poland, is a metropolis alive with life. State capitals are usually linked. They are important for a reason, even if they are not the key center of the country. Montserrat is different. No one lives in Plymouth and access to this place is strictly limited.
How volcanoes erupt
Volcanoes with a central vent are constructions in the form of a cone, for example, the famous volcanoes of Kamchatka, Vesuvius, Etna, Fujiyama. If you look at the volcanic cone in section, it will resemble a pie - layers of tuff, lava, ash, volcanic debris alternate with each other. Fissure volcanoes spew lava to the surface through extended cracks. Icelandic volcanoes belong to this type.
More than 20 years ago, most of the life around the island revolved around this place. Montserrat lives in the shadows active volcanoes and in the company of numerous hurricanes and earthquakes. Natural disasters caused burns to the inhabitants of the island, especially in those years.
They say a lot, while most of us ignore the fact that almost the day before yesterday a similar fate affected the capital of the Caribbean. People were just forced to run, leave their things. After them, only the tops of the buildings visible above the volcanic dust remain.
Volcanoes spew bombs, ash, tuff - porous rock. After eruption in place volcanic buildings there are thermal springs, geysers, fumaroles.
Types of eruptions
Where are the volcanoes
Volcanoes are found not only on land, but also on the ocean floor, especially near the zones of mid-oceanic faults. For example, the famous Hawaiian Islands are underwater volcanoes that rise above the surface of the ocean. Among them are the famous Mauna Kea (4205 m) and Mauna Loa (4169 m). These are the largest shield volcanoes in the world.
Any visit requires the consent of the police and the company of the designated guide. In practice, the capital has temporarily taken over the city of Brades in the northern part of the island. Unique in the political landscape of the world. Before the cataclysm, the inhabitants of Montserrat lived fairly well. Americans, Canadians and British have come here for a wonderful vacation. Residents lived well from tourism and agriculture... The island has achieved, among other imported technological innovations. Live, don't die! But after the tragedy, Montserrat became dependent on British assistance for reconstruction.
Extinct and active volcanoes
If a volcano does not erupt for a long time, can it be considered extinct? It turns out not. The bowels of the Earth under volcanoes can be warmed up and ready for eruptions for many millions of years. Signs that the volcano has not died out, but only "fell asleep" are thermal springs, gas outlets - fumaroles, geysers, earthquakes, tremors.
This is not the first traumatic experience in recent history of Montserrat. In the studio, their songs have been recorded, including Elton John, Paul McCartney and the Rolling Stones. Plans are to rebuild tired overseas territory. Will nature be kind to the people of Montserrat in the future?
Mongolia is one of the most interesting countries in which I had the opportunity to visit my life. As it turned out, this is not only the land of the warlike descendants of Tsingis-Chaana, but above all the land of the extended steppe, where hearty nomads live who are trying to live in harmony with nature. You cannot find extensive road infrastructure there. This is probably one of the few places in the world where the land does not belong to anyone, the animals graze slowly, and are best monitored. vehicles well known throughout the horse.
Most famous volcano Europa Elbrus, all covered with glaciers, is active - on its western slope there are fumaroles that emit gases and sulfur. The volcano Vesuvius on the Apennine Peninsula in the Gulf of Naples has erupted many times and brought death and destruction to the cities located near it. The long time of "hibernation" of this volcano, when forests began to turn green on its slopes, often misled people, and their settlements and cities again approached the cone with a destroyed caldera. The last devastating eruption of Vesuvius occurred in 79 AD. e. The destruction of the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabia is associated with it. The destruction of cities as a result of tremors was not the worst result of this eruption. A scorching ash cloud escaped from the mouth of the volcano, covering all the surroundings, and mud streams flowed along the mountain slopes - lahars from a mixture of ash and water. Cooling down, they tightly blocked all the entrances and exits in the destroyed houses. It was almost impossible to escape the city. Only those who had previously left their homes managed to escape. Among such people was the Roman historian and scientist Pliny the Elder. He died, already on board the ship, having gone out to sea before the eruption, from the vapor of a sulfur cloud that escaped from the mouth of Vesuvius. Since then, the volcano has erupted, albeit without catastrophic consequences, in 1944.
Buddhism and beliefs give this land a mystical character. At the foot of the mountains or on the peaks, you can find obo, a stone hill - a place of religious worship. There will also be a national holiday, which is good. Today, however, we will focus on the places that should be included in the list of the 10 most interesting to see.
Map Location of Lake Huvgul
Photo Photo taken during trekking on the Khuvsul lake
The freshwater tectonic lake is located in the northern part of Mongolia and exactly near the border with Russia. It is the second largest and deepest lake in this country. Why visit this place? First of all, you can do amazing hikes around the lake away from the hustle and bustle, and the crowning achievement of this trekking can be the meeting of the Mongols from the Spirit tribe, who breed reindeer and live in tent tents. The Spirits tribe tames the reindeer to be used for riding, and breed them for fur, meat and milk, from which they make cheese.Ring of Fire of the Pacific Ocean
There are places where volcanoes are concentrated on the surface of the Earth. These are turbulent territories, with frequent eruptions and earthquakes. One of them, called the "Ring of Fire of the Pacific Ocean," is located on the coasts of the continents that frame this ocean. The ring includes the volcanoes of Kamchatka, the Japanese Islands, Indonesia, Oceania and New Zealand, the Pacific coast of South, Central and North America - in the Andes and Cordilleras. Near the California Peninsula is the San Andreas Fault, one of the most troubled places on the planet, despite this, very densely populated.
Famous volcanoes
During an eruption, not only settlements near the volcano, but also the volcano itself may suffer. Such a disaster happened in 1883 with the Krakatoa volcano as a result of its powerful eruption... Located on a small island in the Sunda Islands in Indonesia (and they are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire), the volcano exploded. Sea water poured into the vent, a monstrous explosion split the volcano into several parts, and pieces of the caldera sank into the depths of the ocean. The eruption practically wiped out the island from the face of the earth, or rather, from the surface of the ocean. All living things perished not only on the island of Krakatoa, but also on the neighboring islands. After this cataclysm, a giant tsunami wave destroyed about 300 villages. Ashes and debris were lifted into the atmosphere to an altitude of 55 km. The fallout of ash from the atmosphere after the eruption lasted for several weeks. The most interesting thing is that soon on the site of the submerged volcano arose new volcanoan island called Anak Krakatau (ie, "child of Krakatoa"). Now the new volcano already reaches 300 meters and erupts regularly.
Iceland is an island of volcanoes. This country is called the place where ice and fire, glaciers and active volcanoes meet. The most famous volcano on the island of Hekla (1491 m), erupted in last time in 1980. Lucky volcano is no less famous - a crack in earth crust, during which several volcanoes, low up to 80-90 m, erupt in a chain. In 1783, there were such significant eruptions of Laki, and the consequences were so terrible that they called into question the very life on the island of Iceland. Not only poisonous gases and "ashes killing people and livestock, but also streams of melt water from glaciers destroyed almost all living conditions, almost every fifth inhabitant of Iceland died. The eruption lasted about six months. Temperature decrease due to the fact that the atmosphere is constantly there was ash and the sun's rays could not reach the Earth in full, led to crop failures and famine in Northern Europe.
Most recently, in the spring of 2010, there was a catastrophic eruption of the Icelandic volcano with the difficult to pronounce name Eyjafjallajokull (it is easy to remember it if you know that in Icelandic "kull" is a glacier, "fiatl" is a mountain, and "eya" is an island). It is interesting that the volcano itself was located under the glacier and at the beginning of the eruption began to melt the ice. Lava flows mixed with mud and melt water rushed into the vicinity, and ash clouds covered the skies over Europe to such an extent that flights were canceled within weeks. Scientists believe that this eruption was the first in a chain of forthcoming Icelandic eruptions.
The Kamchatka Peninsula is the land of the most beautiful conical volcanoes in the world. In total, there are about 300 volcanoes in Kamchatka, among which several are permanently active. Volcano Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4850 m) is one of them. The Valley of Geysers is located in the valley of the Geysernaya River in the Kronotsky Nature Reserve, near the Kronotskaya Sopka - an active kamchatka volcano 3528 m high. About 20 geysers of various sizes are concentrated here and constantly erupt. In 2007, several massive landslides covered the valley. However, over time, many geysers again made their way to the surface.
The highest point in Africa is Kilimanjaro volcano (5893 m). It is considered extinct. However, the outcrops of volcanic gases on its slopes, rather, indicate that, like Elbrus, it is "sleeping". Glaciers lie on the flat top and slopes of the volcano, which are dramatically shrinking every year. On the territory of Kenya and Tanzania, there is the Crater Highlands - many calderas of extinct volcanoes. One of the largest of them - the giant (22 km!) Ngorongoro crater is included in national park Serengeti, home to savannah animals, including lions, elephants, antelopes.
Yellowstone National Park in the Rocky Mountains is part of a large extinct ancient volcano caldera, the largest in North America. Geysers and thermal springs in these places indicate that the restless heated bowels continue to only "doze". The most famous of them is the Big Geyser, which spews a huge stream of water 40 m high at intervals of 3 days, as well as the "Old Faithful", which gushes every hour.
Together with your child, make your home volcano, and show clearly how the eruption occurs:
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