Other extinct volcanoes

If a visit to the world's largest volcano seems dangerous, think again: not all are erupting with refusal and leave cities covered with molten lava and ash. Although it is true that volcanoes such as Mount Tambora in Indonesia and Mount Vesuvius in Italy really pose a threat, many volcanoes are much less dramatic. This is the case with Mauna Loa in Hawaii, which is the largest active volcano in the world, both in volume and in size.

But what about the Mauna Loa bombings? Simple enough, Mauna Loa does not have them. It is considered an explosive volcano because of the low silica content in its lava, Mauna Loa has very strong eruptions. Lava missed the city limits for about four miles, but was so bright that at night she lit up the city. Since then, Mauna Loa has been fairly calm, although experts say they see signs that she may wake up in the near future.

Excursions to extinct volcanoes

Come here to walk through the lava tubes, enjoy more than 150 miles of walking routes and watch the volcanic eruption. This is not Moana Loa, which makes the eruption, of course, is a nearby volcano, Kilauea, which is now erupting from two places. Mauna Loa also makes a distinction in being part of the volcanic club. The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Interior included Mauna Loa in a group of sixteen volcanoes, known as the "Decade of Volcanoes."

Such volcanoes are of particular interest both because of their high level of activity, and their proximity to large settlements. This list also included Mount Rainier and Mount Etna in Sicily. But, perhaps most interesting, Mauna Loa has competition for the crown of the largest volcano. That is, on the surface of the Earth. His discovery was announced recently in nearby Mauna Kea, a sleeping volcano on the Big Island, which costs only a couple of hundred feet higher.

When it comes to volcanoes, the size does not matter as their temperament. On Mars, the largest volcanoes known to science are known. This extinct volcano has a width of 640 km, even at the narrowest point, more than the distance between London and Glasgow, or Los Angeles and San Francisco.

And Olympus Mons is not alone in earthquakes - three other Martian volcanoes over 10 km. Since then, scientists have sought to learn more about these towering mountains from which they originated, when they first broke out, when they were last active, and why they grew so much larger than anything on our own planet.

Volcanoes: Interesting Facts

The spacecraft for many years sent stunning pictures and data on these volcanoes, giving an amazing amount of knowledge. We learned a lot from impact craters made by asteroids, for example, because there are more craters on older parts of the planet than in younger areas.

Physics volcanic eruption - how it becomes extinct

Proceeding from this, scientists came to the conclusion that the volcanoes on Mars began to erupt more than 5 billion years ago, which is roughly comparable to how far back eruptions come to Earth. The most recent Martian eruptions, perhaps, are several tens of millions of years. No active volcanoes were detected; at least not yet.

Scientists also study the Martian volcanoes, studying on Earth. Asteroid impacts on Mars also have to do with this, since a huge amount of energy is released when large asteroids hit the surface. This is often enough to blow up other pieces of rock upward, some of which reach the Earth like meteorites.

Currently, we have restored more than 100 samples of genuine Martian space rock: the gases trapped inside them correspond to the atmosphere of Mars recorded by the Viking missions and curiosity. Meteorites can be investigated in laboratories with the most modern machines, which are too large and too heavy to be placed on space vehicles. The first detailed analysis of the level of volcanic eruptions on Mars using Martian meteorites involved the Center for Environmental Research of the Scottish Universities, the University of Glasgow, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, and the Natural History Museum in London.

To determine when the rocks originally erupted, we used a technique known as argon-argon geochronology. This works by measuring, using a mass spectrometer, the amount of argon created from the natural decay of potassium. He showed that meteorites formed from 3 to 4 billion years ago at least four eruptions for 90 million years. This is a very long time, when the volcano was active and much longer than terrestrial volcanoes, which are usually only active for several million years.

List of known extinct volcanoes of the world

We investigated six meteorites that were found in different places in the last century, including the Egyptian desert, Indiana in the American Midwest, and the sterile ice fields of Antarctica. They were thrown into space about 11 million years ago - this is important, because that means they must have left Mars, following the same edge of the asteroid impact on the same volcano.

But this only scratches the surface of the volcano, since the impact of the asteroid will have only excavated stones buried several dozen meters below the surface. When we talk about a volcano that can be above 10 km, this is only a small part of its history. Therefore, it must begin the eruption before the 4-billion rocks that we studied were formed.

The most famous volcanoes of the world

This again indicates that in order for the Martian volcanoes to become so large, Mars must have been much more volcanically active in the distant past. Another reason for the massive size of the Martian volcanoes is that Mars lacks active plate tectonics. This allowed molten rock to eject through the same parts of the earth's crust for a very long time. For terrestrial volcanoes, on the contrary, plate tectonics diverts them from magma sources and terminates their eruptions.

The last part of the puzzle for our Martian meteorites was where they came from. Our research work emphasized the significant differences in volcanic activity between Earth and Mars, but there remain numerous secrets about these Martian miracles. Scientists are still discussing mechanisms in the mantle of the planet that lead such volcanoes and continue to supply magma for eruptions in the same places for so long. The age of the most recent eruptions on Mars is also still subject to considerable uncertainty.

And much more to be learned about the links between the volcanoes of the planet and its atmosphere. Some of these secrets will continue to be unraveled by studying Martian meteorites, satellite images and new rovers. However, in order to truly understand the largest volcanoes in the solar system, we will probably have to collect parts of our neighboring planet through human or robotic missions and return them to Earth.

The recent eruption of the volcano of Iceland several years ago almost caused the realization of the terrible influence of these quiet killers. Since ancient times eruptions of volcanoes have meant catastrophic changes in the world and the death of several civilizations. Given the level of destruction caused by eruptions, such as the volcanoes of Santorini, Vesuvius or Krakatoa, scientists can not help but wonder what will happen if one of the hidden volcanoes occurs. At this time on this planet there are several inactive killers, the eruptions of which not only require the lives of millions of people, but also can destroy the world, as we know it.

The Yellowstone caldera is an underground super volcano with tremendous power to unleash the next glacial period on the planet, at best. In the worst case, geologists assume that the eruption of Yellowstone will lead to the explosion of all other active volcanoes on Earth and will lead to the end of the world.

Although Vesuvius is the only active volcano in continental Europe, many believe that this is more than enough. The power of Vesuvius will always be bright in the minds of mankind, thanks to the cataclysm in Pompeii. Although this quiet killer seems to have aroused in the last century, fortunately, seismic activity and eruptions were moderate.

Trying to escape with the princess, Popo and his mistress fall into an earthquake, where she dies, and he lay down beside her and waited for his death. Leaving aside the romantic aspect of this volcano, at this moment the authorities report that Popocatepetl was very active, and it represents the greatest threat to the citizens of the Mexican capital. Often referred to as the Vesuvius of the East, the power of Sukurijima is difficult to assess, given that its last eruption is practically associated with the island of Kyushu on the mainland. In addition, it is important to note that the volcanic ash coming from Sukurihima is the main responsible factor in the "design" of the landscape in the region.

Where are the volcanoes of the world

While the landscape can take a breath, the truth is that there are many reasons why people in this area are afraid, as the volcano has been very active for the past 60 years. Despite the fact that in the immediate vicinity of it there are special shelters, it is difficult to predict the consequences of a larger explosion.

Despite the fact that the explosion did not require many lives, the truth is that it erupted without preliminary warnings, and this is quite alarming. At the moment, some geologists argue that a huge explosion is likely to happen very soon, given that the volcano erupted for ten consecutive years, each time more violently.