Black spider with a big belly. Brown hermit spider: how it looks and how dangerous it is for humans. How to protect yourself from a hermit spider bite

Signs of pregnancy after embryo implantation
International Scientific Name

Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch  et Mulaik 1940

Area
  • Loxosceles reclusus Gertsch et Mulaik, 1940

Systematics
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Images
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ITIS
NCBI
EOL

Loxosceles reclusa   (lat.) - view araneomorphic spiders  from the family Sicariidae . Distributed in the east of the United States. Poison is dangerous to human health, causing lox cosselism.

This disease is often fatal for olive and very contagious for its neighbors. Treatment is difficult and often ineffective. It is better not to tempt fate and to arrange the disease is not established. - Do not leave dead roots in the ground and pieces of rotting wood. - If the soil is heavy and marshy, “water, include well-decomposed humus and lime.” - Never bury a dung that has not been sufficiently decomposed. - Never repurpose your olive grove. Sagging is the absence of flower fertilization.

It develops normally, and then disappears without a trace. Lack of water in this crucial period of growth or the olive tree needs it most. Too heavy clipping, which requires an olive tree to attract on its reserves to replenish its branches. This is true for some varieties of olive trees, such as Lucca, but this rarely happens for Kailtie.

  • Hence the importance of separate consumption of this fertilizer in the spring.
  • Lack of trace element and, on the front edge of boron.
It will disappear for several years, and then disappear again or completely.

Appearance

The span of the legs is 6-20 mm, the females are slightly larger. The body is colored in brown, gray or dark yellow. Dorsal side cephalic  usually carries a dark pattern that resembles fiddle  (neck is directed to the rear end of the body). The presence of such a pattern is not unique to this species, and it is common not only among closely related forms, but even among representatives of other families (for example, spider mowers).

It is a bacterium that infects the circulatory system of juice, and it is very difficult to get rid of. It is formed on the branches of all sizes of wood, which look like warts. The tree does not seem to suffer. In order to limit the disease should be eliminated as much as possible, especially those sick branches and disinfect the cutting tool before moving to another olive.

Enemy in my bed - Tasmanian swarm of the devil

There are many species of animals on our planet that cause pain and even death during mating. Tasmanian devils use pain as a “play of love” - the woman pretends to be a victim, and the female almost never causes serious injuries to her. That is why the lady does not want to mate until a man proves that she is worth it. And he does it in an unusual way: throws at a woman, scribbles her, bites, hits and even knocks.

Unlike most spiders with eight eyes, this species is characterized by the presence of six eyes, organized in three pairs: one medial and two lateral. From other spiders with six eyes (family Scytodidae) distinguished by the absence of color patterns on the abdomen and limbs. The abdomen is covered with short hairs. Legs somewhat lighter in joints.

He lures his chosen man into the pit, at first everything is fine, but then the woman becomes a prisoner, the man does not allow her to treat her with pronounced aggression for a moment and literally rape her. If the behavior of the man does not satisfy the "devil", the roles are exchanged, and then she hits the male.

It lasts for several days, since the breeding season lasts. It is known that birds easily fall into aggression towards each other, towards other birds, towards their prey and towards humans. Some of them have frankly aggressive mating, often without the consent of the woman. Planted male ducks gather in small groups in the water and swim around the sampling as a gang of rapists. They often feel that they drown together under water. The males of some ducks hide an ugly weapon - the biggest, thorny penis of a size larger than any vertebrate on the planet is a Freudian nightmare.

The legs of the hermit spider are widely spaced, if it is on a flat surface, however, being alarmed, it takes a protective stance: it draws in its front legs, raises pedipalps  and pulls back legs for a dash.

Life cycle

The spider lays eggs in cocoons of white color and stores them in well-covered places. Each cocoon has a diameter of about 7.5 mm and contains from 40 to 50 eggs. Cubs of spiders shed chitin cover five to eight times before maturing. The discarded cover has a very rigid structure and can be used for identification by experienced arachnologists. A brown recluse spider lives from two to four years.

It was found that the corresponding female ducks had complex sex organs, studded with pouches and spirals, which, according to the researchers, were part of a gender war to control mating. Although most irrigated species are monogamous couples, females are often forced to cope with other males - the avian equivalent of rape is common to many waterfowl, said Richard Prim, a York ornithologist.

The frequency of "rape" is closely related to the development of the penis. "A large penis is beneficial in cases where there is still debauchery, while more monogamous species have a much smaller phallus." Brennan said. These incredible discoveries “help disperse the notion that women are simply passive participants in the battle of the sexes,” said evolutionary biologist Robert Montgomery of Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada.

Lifestyle

During the day, a brown recluse spider hides under stones and snags, in crevices and burrows of small animals, and at night hunts for other spiders and insects. . In his victims, he injects poison, which has hemolytic and necrotoxic effects. Unlike most spiders, the brown recluse spider leaves its web at night. Males spend most of their time hunting, while females prefer to be closer to their networks.

Unlike most fish and aquatic organisms in general, sharks use inward insemination. In other words, they mate like higher vertebrates, mammals. Males have special genitalia, called pteripopods, modified during the evolution of the pelvic blades.

Shark skin is much thicker than that of females, because at the time of fertilization the bitch bites the female. This fact was confirmed by David Schiffman, a researcher at the University of Miami. And, as you can see from the video, it may sound emotional, but it seems that the male shark overcomes the apparent resistance of the woman, literally raping her.

Habitat

The brown recluse spider feels great in a changed human environment. Weaves chaotic nets in bundles of firewood, as well as in barns, garages, basements, attics, toilets, plenum-cavities and in other places where there is a tree and twilight. They can also be found in empty boxes, shoes, clothes, bedding, behind pictures and behind baseboards - in short, in places that are identical to the natural habitat of a hermit spider - tree bark, burrows, crevices, etc. In rooms with low temperature spider tends to heat sources.

Love snail arrows

With the snail, which is a hermaphrodite and has female and male reproductive organs, love games are also accompanied by trauma. Every snail has something like a bow in which so-called lovers are kept. They consist of aragonite. While playing with love, the snails throw a dart with such force that sinks into the body of the partner. But, it seems, they excite them and stimulate the exchange of sex cells.

Banana nude snails - a dangerous love game

The so-called banana nude snails are usually intensely yellow in color and resemble a banana, from where their popular name originates. Banana snails are also hermaphroditic, and when they meet with two people, they exchange sperm through their unusually large penises. Sometimes, after one of these encounters, one or both banana snails mutually penetrate the penises. This phenomenon is called apophalaceia and is usually dictated by difficulty due to the large size of the penis, separating the two snails.

Spread

Distribution of this species - from the south midwest USA  before Gulf of mexico  . The area lies along a line from the southeast of the state. Nebraska  through the south Iowa , Illinois , Indiana  and until southwest Ohio  . In the southern states - from the central Texas  to western Georgia  and north Virginia  . A related species of brown recluse spider is a redhead spider ( lat loxosceles rufescens) - is found on Hawaii  . Contrary to popular rumor, the brown recluse spider is not common in the state California  - in the southwestern United States and in California, there are other species of the genus Loxosceles . .

Duel of the Sea Flatworms

It happens that one snail can amputate its member itself. This creature is a hermaphrodite, and also has a male and female reproductive system, and two penises are daggers. When two worms meet, they start a duel with a penis, because everyone wants to plunge the opponent into the body - the stakes are high, the one who wins will be the father, and the loser will be the mother. As soon as one worm is able to break through the body of an adversary, it introduces sperm, which fertilizes the eggs in the body of the vanquished. Being beaten up in these creatures is a serious challenge because it requires a lot of energy to provide the necessary resources for developing fertilized eggs.

Danger to humans

A brown recluse spider is not aggressive and rarely attacks humans. Usually he bites people when they encroach on his life and territory. Most people are bitten due to negligence and carelessness in the process of cleaning the premises. This usually happens when the spider gets under clothes or on the bed. Some people are bitten by a spider right in bed, others - when they put on shoes or clothes in which this representative has hidden arachnids  . The hands, neck and lower abdomen are usually affected.

In the course of evolution, animals appear differences between a man and a man, etc. sexual dimorphism. In addition to the principle of "survivors stronger", there is also sexual selection - the removal of less adapted individuals from breeding. Unnatural methods of mating occur in nature, and no one can know how to make sexual intercourse.

He dies in shock without any intervention from the woman. This, albeit a very strange phenomenon, is the male strategy, which aims only at the fertilization of the woman. After his death, his copulatory body clogs the woman's vagina - he has kept it for himself.

Poisonous bite

Spider bites very often go unnoticed, but in most cases the sensations are similar to those with a needle. Then within 2-8 hours the pain and itching make themselves felt. Further, the situation develops depending on the amount of poison that entered the blood.

The bite of a brown recluse spider causes a series of symptoms known as lox cosselism  . It is characterized gangrene scab  at the site of the bite, nausea  , indisposition fever , hemolysis  and thrombocytopenia  . In most cases, the spider bite is insignificant and goes without necrosis  however, in large doses, it can provoke the formation of a necrotic ulcer that destroys soft tissue. In diameter, the ulcer can reach 25 cm or more, and after healing, which takes 3-6 months, a depressed scar remains.

Lose your head out of love

In another spider, a greenish micromatum of men, to escape from a female after copulation, jumps on her back, and started her trapped on her stomach, until she was forced to seek escape in flight. The spider shaft eats its partner immediately after mating. Praying mantises are ferocious animals, they eat everything they can swallow: insects, reptiles, birds, and sometimes mice.

Mating with such a monster is not easy, moreover, during the breeding season, the woman is especially aggressive. However, sex must be done, and brave men do it: they sneak up on the woman behind, diving every time she turns their heads towards them. Otherwise they will be eaten. After he came close, the bitch quickly inserts her body into the appropriate mating bag for the female, and then it should easily disappear. Otherwise - will be eaten. It is widely believed that they will be eaten anyway, because the female praying mantis during sexual intercourse violates the head of a man, otherwise the act will have no effect.

The transparent viscous poison of this spider contains esterase  alkaline phosphatase, protease  and other enzymes that cause tissue necrosis and hemolysis. The main role in the development of necrosis belongs sphingomyelinase  D, which binds to the cell membranes and causes chemotaxis neutrophilic , thrombosis  vessels and the phenomenon of Arthus. In case of necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue, healing may take 3 years.

In fact, it is experimentally confirmed that when the ganglia of the head are removed, the male nerve impulses going to the connecting organs increase. Because of this, the brainless coop is more active. But such impulses also exist in heads-up, but they are just a little worse. Therefore, aspiration has the opportunity to engage in sexual intercourse and keep your head. They eat him only if he is distracted and only for procreation: nuts are necessary for the female.

There is a link between mating and aggression.

In humans, with the same deviation, the area of ​​the brain responsible for these functions, the ventromedial hypothalamus, is probably the cause of sexual violence. Experiments show that artificial activation of this area of ​​the brain in male mice causes them to attack still objects and even females, for which, while in a normal state, care should be taken. If the ventromedial hypothalamus is “unlocked,” the males are indifferent to other males that enter their territory.

In rare cases, characterized by systematic symptoms: damage to internal organs and, in very rare cases, even death; most deaths occur in children under seven years old, people with weak immune system  and the elderly. The cause of death can be hemolytic anemia , hemoglobinuria  and renal failure.

My family and other animals, Gerald Darrell. The severity and consequences of yesterday's Wilson whiskey were harsh, rainwater from the trunk, but my balance when it awoke. After the nightmare, warm asphalt rose from the steam and the saturation of the greenery, the surrounding vegetation threatened to absorb a little daylight and bring peace to darkness. From the village of Bakellini, a group of schoolchildren in a supporting blue uniform came up, otherwise there were no legs either. Even today, a miracle did not happen, but the Cameroon mountain finally emerged from a cloud of clouds and opened its array.

In the medical literature there are several spiders, the bite of which leads to necrosis. These include, for example, the American strolling spider ( lat Tegenaria agrestis) and bag spider ( lat Cheiracanthium punctorium). However, the bites of these spiders, unlike the bite of a brown recluse spider, do not produce such serious symptoms.

A slightly perceptible peak line merged into the blue-gray sky at a distance. Etinde, a reminder of the original volcanic activity, which subsequently gave rise to a much larger Cameroon mountain. The highest mountain in West Africa, although most of the time is not directly visible, but reliably, but its height prevents the passage of saturated clouds, which bring westerly winds from the Gulf of Guinea. Etinde and the Cameroonian mountains constitute a natural barrier that stuns a cloud of clouds, and the coast of Bakerali from the east can be seen very well.

First aid for bite

When a bite is necessary, first of all, remain calm and call a doctor. Then it is necessary to slow down the spread of poison from the site of the bite in any way. To do this, attach to the bite ice. The affected limb should be immobilized (immobilized) and, depending on where the bite was taken, apply a tourniquet and squeeze out the poison or otherwise prevent the spread of the poison through the veins to the heart and its vessels. To disinfect a wound, antiseptics should be used, and juice can be used to reduce pain. aloe  . If possible, it is worth catching the spider in a clean and reliable container - this is necessary for the identification of the spider by an expert.

I had huge wings over my head. The dark contour showed the predator and reminded me of the true reason for my trip to Cameroon - photographing unique unique patterns here. The area of ​​the Cameroonian mountains is rich in endemic bird species. The prince who sought booty over the road is one of the most common. Brown Luin rarely breeds in the Czech Republic, but to see it in herds, like in Africa, we are unhappy for Central Europeans.

Directly above the motel and adjacent buildings, coconut leaves were occupied by two types of snipers. The colonies of the gardener, the general social singer with a dark brown head, yellow body and red eyes were more numerous. Their pear-shaped nests decorated palm leaves as funny exotic fruits. The nest was artificially woven from palm fibers. With a sharp beak, the hunters skillfully cut a strip about one centimeter wide on either side of the sheet, and then broke off. From the original sheet there was only a withered rib, sadly sinking into the wind.

There are many treatment options for the effects of a bite, operating with varying degrees of effectiveness: hyperbaric oxygenation ,

Precautionary measures

To avoid spider bites, you should:

  • thoroughly shake out clothes and shoes before use;
  • check bedding and toilet before use;
  • wear gloves during the transfer of firewood, timber and stones (before that it is worth checking the gloves themselves);
  • remove the box from the beds; beds themselves move away from the walls;
  • be careful with the boxes - spiders often hide in them;

To restrict spider access to your home, do the following:

  • install protective screen  on windows and doors;
  • install door brushes;
  • repair cracks and crevices through which spiders can enter the house;
  • set on the outside of the house yellow or sodium discharge lamp  - such lamps do not attract insects that feed on the spider;
  • glue the edges of the cardboard boxes so that the spider does not crawl in
  • use sealed plastic containers for storing things in the garage, basement and attic;

Sanitation:

  • get rid of garbage, old boxes and clothes, piles of stones and other unnecessary things in a timely manner;
  • clean up the toilet, basement, garage, attic and outbuildings;
  • do not stack timber in front of the house;
  • prevent the presence in the home of dead insects that feed on the spider;

Some types of spiders are dangerous to humans, their bite can cause illness or death. The infamous brown hermit spider got its name due to body color and “shyness”.

He tries to avoid “publicity”, is mainly nocturnal, hides from people in dark places. The disease resulting from the ingress of a large amount of spider venom into the skin is called "loxosselism." These are soft tissue necrosis and the appearance of deep ulcers.

The brown recluse spider "became famous" for its venomous bite. The arthropod animal releases poison, which causes insect death and necrotic skin lesions in humans.

This is a very hardy creature that can go without food for a month, it adapts to dryness and high temperatures. Females and males have similar traits, sexual dimorphism is almost imperceptible.

What does a hermit spider look like (photo below):


Adult females have a body length of 9–12 mm.

Males a little smaller - 8 mm.

The leg span is up to 15–20 mm.

The color varies from dark yellow to brownish red.

On the headstone there is a dark spot resembling a violin.

The fingerboard of the “musical instrument” faces the rear end of the body. The color of the figure spots on the back depends on age, for example, mature individuals have a darker pattern.

Another distinctive external feature is a brown belly, covered with short velvety hairs. The limbs of a hermit spider are 4 pairs, they are long, thin, also covered with hairs. The color of the legs is brown with an orange or red tint. The eye is six, not eight, like other spiders.

Reproduction and life cycle

A brown recluse female mates with a male only once, after which it produces eggs throughout life. Fecundity reaches 150 or more spiders per year.


In May – July females lay eggs, hide clutches in secluded places. Each white pouch contains 40–50 eggs. Juveniles molt 5–8 times before reaching maturity. There lives a brown hermit in nature from 2 to 4 years.

Diet

It is difficult to find spiders in a house or utility room. They are nocturnal, in the daytime skillfully hiding under the branches, in the cracks of the soil.

At night, a hermit spider hunts insects and other arthropods. Prey kills by poison, having a necrotoxic effect.

Habitat

Spider Loxosceles reclusa - inhabitant of North America, distributed in the United States from the south of the Midwest to the west and east. The area covers the southern states to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

There is a brown hermit on a length of territory from the central part of Texas to the north of the state of Virginia. On the west coast of the United States is not seen. Other spiders of the Loxosceles genus live in Mexico, Brazil, southern Europe, Turkey, and North Africa.

The hermit perfectly mastered in rural and urban habitats. The brown spider often hides in the house, weaving its webs in dim corners. Hiding in garages, sheds, basements and attics. Crawls into places where there are wooden parts, cracks.

The spider may bite, but it rarely attacks humans. This happens only when there is a threat to its life and its feeding territory. A person can find a hermit by accident: in a wardrobe, in a box with shoes, in bedding. He skillfully hides, so not noticeable. Spider bites, being in bed, under clothing.

Most often, an inattentive person suffers from arms, legs and neck. The bite of a hermit spider first causes sensations comparable to the prick of a pin. The reaction to the poison depends on its quantity, as well as the individual sensitivity of the person.

There are people who do not have any changes in their state of health. Only a small red trace remains that heals quickly and without scars. Others have a bite or an immediate or delayed allergic reaction. Discomfort, pain and itching develop in about 5 hours.

Loxosselism is caused by protein compounds in the composition of the brown recluse's poison: sphingomyelinase, phosphatase, esterase, protease.

These are enzymes that destroy tissues and blood vessels of the skin, red blood cells. If the necrosis spreads to the subcutaneous tissue, the ulcer does not heal for a long time, its treatment may take several years.

Common symptoms of loxosselism:

  • discomfort, itching, pain;
  • chills, fever;
  • sweating;
  • nausea.

If a person has hypersensitivity to spider toxins, then soon after the bite, a white spot appears on the skin. Then the damage deepens, there are dry spots of gray-blue color with uneven edges and reddening. In severe cases, the damaged tissues become gangrenous, there is an open wound, sometimes quite extensive. Restoration of skin occurs for a long time, scars remain.

Rarely, after the bite of a brown recluse, internal organ damage occurs, death occurs. Lethal outcomes are observed in cases where children of preschool age and the elderly are attacked by a spider. In these groups of patients, poison sometimes causes hemolytic anemia.

What to do when you bite a brown recluse

The injured person needs emergency care. If a brown spider has bitten, the affected area is immediately washed with soap and water.

Then you need to wrap the ice in a cloth with a cloth and attach to the bite area for 10 minutes. The procedure should be repeated several times. The cold slows down the absorption and spread of poison, the reaction to toxins. If the bite is on the leg or arm, then a splint is applied to the limb.

For disinfection use the product based on ethanol or other antiseptics. Give antihistamines with desloratadine or cetirizine. The victim must be delivered as soon as possible to the medical facility. It is advisable to catch the culprit of the incident, put it in a clean jar with a well-lapped stopper and send it to the specialists.

Medications for the treatment of intoxication after a hermit bite:

  • glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation;
  • dextran detoxifier;
  • antimicrobial drug Dapsone;
  • antiallergic medicines;
  • antibiotics;
  • heparin.

The benefits of none of the medications as an antidote to brown spider toxins have not been proven. Sometimes doctors suggest surgery to stop the spread of poison. The effects of a bite completely depend on the human response to hermit toxins.


Precautionary measures

A few simple rules help avoid spider bites in regions where this animal is found. It is recommended to inspect and shake your clothes and shoes, bedding before use. During work on the housework, you should wear gloves, do not walk barefoot. You have to be careful when carrying stones, timber and firewood, and repairing the porch.

Indoors, a large brown spider often hides in crevices and boxes. It is necessary to reduce the number of places in the room where the hermit will find refuge. The boxes need to be removed, the slits are covered up, and bedside tables and cabinets should be tightly closed.

Spiders enter homes and other premises through windows and doors. It is necessary to install protective nets, cover up the cracks. For storage of various things and objects in the economic and technical premises, it is desirable to use plastic containers, rather than wooden boxes.

It is also important to promptly throw garbage, old clothes, boxes, rolls. During cleaning, you must thoroughly vacuum in the corners, under cabinets, sofas and beds. Dust collector with cobwebs and eggs should be shaken out in an outdoor trash bin. It is necessary to restore order in all rooms and in the courtyard. If there is timber, then you do not need to store them near the entrance to the house or near the windows.

It is important to prevent the resettlement of hermit spiders in homes. These arthropods are dangerous for people, cause intractable disease.

The antidotes do not cope with the toxins of these spiders. You can kill brown spiders with insecticides from the group of pyrethroids, for example, cypermetrin. Treated with an aerosol or wettable powder, outside the windows, under the baseboards and in other places where poisonous hermits are supposed to live.

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