What happens to the American volcano. Tremors of the Earth: Will the Yellowstone Volcano Sink

The Yellowstone super volcano, whose explosion will destroy the whole of North America and doom half the world to a slow death, begins to wake up.

The danger of the death of our entire civilization still exists, many scientists acknowledge. The fact is that the inevitable processes inside our planet, occurring before our eyes, are recognized by specialists as a global threat that can erase whole continents from the face of the Earth. Seismologists say that the Yellowstone caldera is the most destructive force on our planet.

One of the last eruptions of this magnitude occurred in Sumatra 73 thousand years ago, when the explosion of the Toba supernovolcan reduced the population of the Earth by about 15 times. Then only 5-10 thousand people remained alive. The number of animals decreased by the same amount, and three quarters of the flora of the Northern Hemisphere died. On the site of that explosion, a pit was formed with an area of ​​1775 sq. Km. km, which could accommodate two New York or London.

Against this backdrop, it's hard to imagine what would happen if an eruption of the Yellowstone supervolcano takes place, which is twice the size of Toba! "Against the background of the eruption of the super volcano, all the others seem to be dwarfs, and its power - real threat   all living on this planet, "said Bill McGuire, a professor of geophysics, a climate change specialist from London's University College.

STATES LIVE ON THE POWDER BOCH

What is this time bomb in the northwest of the USA? The super volcano is not a cone-shaped formation with a vent, like ordinary volcanoes. By appearance it is a lowland, called a caldera by volcanologists, which resembles a huge hollow. This unremarkable trough is a giant volcano with an eruption area of ​​several thousand square kilometers. By the way, because of the huge size, scientists at first did not even recognize the caldera in Yellowstone Park USA. Photo from the satellite showed that the entire park area of ​​3825 square kilometers and is a caldera of about 55 km by 72 km.

Outside, the Yellowstone Reserve is covered with picturesque landscapes, and inside this huge valley is filled with red-hot magma. For thousands of years, magma has filled huge underground reservoirs, melting rock, becoming dense enough that volcanic gases that cause eruptions in ordinary volcanoes can not pass through it. Therefore, a huge amount of molten magma presses from below to the surface of the Earth. This continues for hundreds of thousands of years until the abscess breaks and a terrible explosion occurs.

Having at its side such a crushing force, the US authorities set the task of scientists to calculate the date of the next eruption of the super volcano. According to scientists, the period between explosions of a super volcano is approximately 600 thousand years. Given this periodicity, it is in our age will fall another cataclysm. At first the researchers talked about the year 2075, but in the summer of 2003 strange things started to happen in Yellowstone Park. The soil temperature rose to the boiling point, crevices opened, through which hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide - volcanic gases contained in magma - began to ooze. These signs gave scientists reason to believe that magma escaped from the chamber and with an increase in several times the speed comes to the surface. In this regard, the term of the alleged breakthrough of the volcano was shifted by almost 50 years.

"Over the past two million years, there have been three super-powerful eruptions in Yellowstone, and each of them has turned the half-continent into a desert," says Robert Smith, professor of geology and geophysics at the University of Utah. - While the magma of the super volcano (although it rises 8 cm a year since 2004) is located at a depth of 10 kilometers from its mouth, it is too early to worry, but if it rises to a level of 2-3 km, we will have very serious reasons for concern " .

And there are reasons for concern. Back in 2002, near the old caldera in Yellowstone, three new geysers emerged, which are one of the manifestations of late stages of volcanism. Over the past four years, the soil has risen by almost 180 cm, which is 45 times higher than in the previous four years.

AS IT WILL BE

If the explosion occurs, then, according to the scientists, the picture will be pohleshche descriptions of the Apocalypse. Everything will start with a sharp rise and overheating of the earth in Yellowstone Park. And when a huge pressure breaks through the caldera, thousands of cubic kilometers of lava will pour out of the formed vent, which will resemble a huge fire pillar. The explosion will be accompanied by a powerful earthquake and lava flows, developing a speed of several hundred kilometers per hour.

The eruption will last for several days, but people and animals will mostly die not from ash or lava, but from suffocation and poisoning with hydrogen sulfide. During this time, the air in the whole west of the US will be poisoned so that people can hold out no more than 5-7 minutes. A thick layer of ash will cover almost the entire territory of the United States - from Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, which will be erased from the face of the Earth, to Iowa and the Gulf of Mexico. The ozone hole above the continent will grow to such a level that the radiation level will approach Chernobyl. All of North America will turn into scorched earth. Severely affected and southern Canada. Scientists do not deny that the Yellowstone giant will provoke the eruption of several hundred ordinary volcanoes around the world. At the same time, eruptions of ocean volcanoes will generate a lot of tsunamis that will flood the coasts and all island states. The remote consequences will be no less terrible than the eruption itself. And if the United States takes the main blow, the whole world will feel the effect.

Thousands of cubic kilometers of ash, thrown into the atmosphere, will close the sunlight - the world will plunge into darkness. This will cause a sharp drop in temperature, for example, in Canada and Norway for a couple of days, the thermometer will drop by 15-20 ° C. If the temperature drops by 21 degrees, as during the last eruption of the Toba supervolcano, all territories to Antarctica will turn to the 50th parallel - Norway, Finland or Sweden. There will be a "nuclear winter", which will last about four years. The incessant acid rains will destroy all crops and crops, kill the cattle, dooming the survivors to starvation. The countries that are the most affected by hunger are the "billionaires" - India and China. Here, from the famine, up to 1.5 billion people will die in the next few months after the explosion. In the first months of the cataclysm, every third inhabitant of the Earth will die. The only region that can survive is the central part of Eurasia. Most of the people, according to scientists, will survive in Siberia and the East European part of Russia, located on earthquake-resistant platforms, remote from the epicenter of the explosion and protected from the tsunami.

ONLY NUMBERS

According to the British broadcaster BBC, while ordinary volcanoes kill thousands of people and destroy entire cities, super-volcanoes claim billions of lives and devastation of the continents.

AT 2500 times   more powerful than the strength of the last eruption of Etna, the explosion of Yellowstone is expected.

AT 15 times   More ash will throw out the Yellowstone caldera than throw out the volcano Krakatoa, which destroyed 36 thousand people.

Before 20-30 cm   The visibility will diminish because of the ash-covered veil.

Tokyo - the largest city in the world - will fit in the caldera formed after the explosion of the Yellowstone volcano.

1200 km   - the radius of total destruction of all living things in the first minutes after the eruption began.

1000 atomic bombs,exploded at the same time - this is the power of the eruption of the Yellowstone volcano.

1 out of 1000 earthlings   remains alive after the Yellowstone catastrophe.

OPINION EXPERT

Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, leading researcher of IGEM RAS Anatoly Khrenov shared his opinion:

Any volcano is unpredictable, and when one expects an eruption and what strength, no scientist and no seismograph can accurately predict. So the consequences of the explosion can repeatedly exceed the expected effect. The Yellowstone giant will make trouble. First of all, the eruption of the volcano will be covered by the States, on whose territory the Yellowstone Park is located - Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. Power plants and other life-support systems can go out of operation - the north-west of the United States will be isolated due to a failure in transport communications. And this is at best. At worst, the scale of the disaster is even hard to imagine ... Superintendence in Yellowstone will affect almost the entire territory of the United States. The first zone adjacent to the volcano will suffer from pyroclastic flows. This avalanche, consisting of hot gas and ash, propagating at the speed of sound, will destroy all life within a radius of 100 km. 10 thousand square meters. km will turn into scorched earth. No one will survive in the pyroclastic zone. The next zone is all the USA, whose territory will be covered with ashes. People can not breathe. With an ash layer of 15 cm, the load on the roofs will be so strong that the buildings will begin to fold like a house of cards. Hundreds of thousands of people will die either from suffocation or the collapse of buildings. Within a few days, ashes will spread throughout the United States and capture even Europe.

7-10-2017, 16:09

Under the territory of Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming) there is a hearth a large volcano, which has now intensified.

According to experts, the volcano woke up after a recent earthquake, which triggered an increase in the number of magma eruptions. Today Yellowstone Volcano   is considered one of the most dangerous active volcanoes   on the ground.

What kind of a volcano?

The Yellowstone volcano is a super volcano. Recall that the super volcano is not strictly a scientific term, usually it is the volcanoes that formed in the hollow in the earth, which is called the caldera.

It is not only a volcano large in size and size. It is extremely dangerous, since its eruption can provoke climate change on the planet. Now, about 20 super-volcanoes are known on the planet, including Yellowstone.

Another difference between the super volcano and the usual one is that when a volcano erupts, the lava gradually accumulates in the mountain, and only then begins to come out.

In the super volcano, magma, approaching the surface, is collected in a huge underground reservoir. It melts the nearest rocks and becomes even thicker, while the pressure continues to build up.

The Yellowstone super volcano is just above the hot spot where the hot molten rock is closest to the surface.

The last day of Pompeii

Yellowstone's super volcano has long been troubling scientists, and ordinary people. About its danger began to speak back in April 2016, when the experts had the first suspicions of a possible catastrophe.

Then, in April 2016, when a series of earthquakes swept across America, many were terrified, from the news in the media: "The very dangerous volcano   woke up "," America will soar into the air "- frightened journalists.

And maybe not for nothing to scare?

Then in April the correspondent of "Ridus" talked with the professor of the geographical faculty of the Moscow State University Andrei Lukashev, who was not going to frighten anybody, but he did not feel a positive attitude either:

The consequences of the forthcoming eruption will lead to the so-called effect of nuclear winter: people will not see the Sun for several years, Lukashev said then.

Even then, scientists began to sound the alarm, pointing to a catastrophe that could occur at any time.

Destruction Area

As you know, the dangerous volcano is located in the Yellowstone National Park, in the state of Wyoming (USA), its hollow is 55 by 72 kilometers, which is about a third of the park's territory and almost twice as large as New York and Moscow.

This size and power of the volcano seriously worries not only geologists, but also ordinary people, because if the eruption starts, it will not only destroy the US, but also cause great ecological damage to the entire Earth. According to a number of researchers, the consequences of the eruption will lower the temperature on the Earth by 21 degrees, but also destroy huge populations of animals and plants, which will become a catastrophe of universal scale.

The eruption will lead to the death of at least 87,000 people, experts say.

The Yellowstone volcano shows its activity every 600 years, and now, just 600 years have passed. This is a normal action of standard volcanoes, because I do not see anything strange in it, and all geologists too - this was predicted a long time ago. In addition, it is not a fact that the eruption will occur, Peter Shebalin, a researcher at the Institute for the Theory of Earthquake Prediction and Mathematical Geophysics, told Ridus. Old Campaigner

And yet, recently the sleeping volcano begins to show more and more obvious signs of activity, which only aggravates the situation around him. So, more recently - on the night of October 3 to October 4, 2017, black smoke poured from the volcano, which frightened the inhabitants of the state in jest. It turned out that the smoke was coming from the geyser of the Old Campaign - the most famous geyser of the volcano.

Usually the volcano throws a jet of hot water from the geyser with a height of 9-storey house at intervals of 45 to 125 minutes, but here instead of water or at least steam, black smoke is thrown.

Why the black smoke comes from the volcano - it's not clear. Perhaps this is a burning organic substance that has come to the surface. But it's too early to worry, since the burning of one geyser does not say anything yet, Shebalin explained. Animals can not be fooled?
It is generally believed that animals are well aware of the approaching catastrophes, since they possess the capabilities of seismic indicators.

For example, before the earthquake, many owners of pets noticed that animals behaved extremely strange: dogs barked and cats rushed about the house, and so on.

In September 1927, in the Crimea, 12 hours before the onset of the tremors, the cows refused to feed and began to moo anxiously, the horses were torn from their leash, the cats and dogs clung to their masters, howled and mewed.

In Ashgabat (1948) at the stud farm, the behavior of animals before the earthquake was even more violent. The horses knocked out the gates of the stables and burst out. Two hours later the building collapsed from an earthquake.

As for Yellowstone, even there the animals behave strangely. When news of the possibility of an eruption of a super volcano began to alarm people more and more often, a video of buffaloes running away from the Yellowstone National Park appeared on the network. This caused concern already among people who decided that this could be a sign of an eruption of a super volcano soon.

And although experts say that these are just seasonal migrations of animals in search of food, the public still does not believe in such coincidences.

Should I be afraid of the United States?

From all that has been said above, it is obvious that if the eruption does begin, the fate of at least the US looks clearly unenviable. The leading state of the world is unlikely to survive a possible catastrophe. However, the danger is aggravated by the fact that only the US apocalypse will not be limited. After the eruption, the temperature on the ground will drop by 21 degrees, and because of the emissions, the visibility will not exceed one meter. The very same US territory will be completely flooded with lava.

Analysis of the molten rock of the Yellowstone super volcano showed that the eruption is possible without any external influences, so a catastrophe can occur at any time.

Yellowstone volcano in the US is considered a hot spot of the Earth, like Hawaii with its Kilauea or Eyyafyadlyayukudl in Iceland. They are, of course, very dangerous in their eruption due to their size and power, as they will throw out millions of cubic meters of magma, and ashes will be many. But we do not yet have enough data to speak about the exact or at least approximate date of its eruption, said Vasily Lavrushin, a member of the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Just setting the date of a possible eruption and dealing with scientists. This is necessary in order to be ready for the impending catastrophe. The problem of the volcano is occupied by NASA, volcanologists from the University of Victoria, as well as New Zealand geologists.

However, not all experts believe in the fatal character of the alleged catastrophe.

The United States Government is negotiating with various countries to provide homes for Americans on an urgent basis for $ 10 billion
a year for ten years. The Government of the United States believes,
that the Yellowstone super-volcano will erupt over the next ten years, and offers to pay to foreign countries
at $ 10 billion a year for ten years, if they agree to provide a home for Americans urgently,
if the Yellowstone super-volcano begins to act.

Dr. Jean-Philippe Perrillat of the National Center scientific research   in Grenoble, France, confirms that the mogma is growing and remained for a maximum of ten years! The African National Congress (ANC) of the Government in South Africa received a request from the United States, which is part of the response plan natural Disasters   in USA. According to him, South Africa will be paid 10 billion dollars a year (about R100 billion) for ten years.

A plan for temporary housing for millions of Americans in South Africa, if the Yellowstone super-volcano begins to erupt. Countries that will participate in the plan include Brazil, Argentina and Australia. South Africa's press secretary for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Sifo Matwetwe, said that South Africa "will not be part of the plan, because there is a risk that millions of white Americans can be sent to our country in an emergency situation, and we believe that this is a black threat national culture and identity. "
A super volcano is a hundred times stronger than an ordinary volcano and can not just kill millions of people, but destroy the entire civilization.

If Yellowstone works, the entire North American continent will be destroyed, and the Earth can be submerged for several years in a "volcanic winter" (Nuclear Winter)
A recent scientific analysis of molten rock under the Yellowstone National Park in the United States has shown that an eruption can occur without any external possible influence. Scientists previously believed that many eruptions of super volcanoes are preceded by earthquakes that break the earth's crust and open the way for magma. But a new study shows that this can happen spontaneously as a result of increased pressure.

Supervolcans represent the second largest threat to life on earth after the Earth collides with asteroids, and they were in the past responsible for the massive extinction of species on Earth, long-term climate change and shorter "volcanic winters" occur when volcanic ash covers sunlight. American scientists have identified South Africa as an area where people could survive in the "volcanic winter" when Yellowstone explodes. Although the US government does not want to cause panic among its citizens, it wants to "hedge and be ready" if the worst happens and Yellowstone breaks through.

The volcano is now constantly monitored by seismographs at 45 points, and it is likely that the United States will have several weeks or days to alert the alert and to send a large number of its citizens abroad, especially in the southern hemisphere. Although the South African foreign and science ministries were fully informed about the US plan, together with the large amount of money they pay for temporary housing for Americans in Carra and Kalahari where they could survive, the Cabinet decided to reject the US request so far. R100 billion will be paid from 2014 every year for ten years to pay to South Africa, after which the plan will be considered. It can take up to ten years for a magma chamber of a super volcano to explode.

According to Dr. Jean-Philippe Perrillat of the National Center for Scientific Research in Grenoble, France, "the difference in density between the molten magma in the caldera and the surrounding rock, large enough for magma from the chamber to pour out onto the surface." "The effect is the same as the extra buoyancy of a soccer ball filled with air under the water, it rises to the surface because of the surrounding water," said Dr.. Perrillat. "If the volume of magma is large enough, it should rise to the surface and explode like a bottle of champagne, which was uncorked.

"According to Dr. Sifo Mathetwe, the South African government still says:" We sympathize with the American problem with Yellowstone,
but we have our own problems in South Africa. There are 200 million white people in America, and if too many move to South Africa,
this is a big problem, although there is enough housing and infrastructure available. But ... it will destabilize the situation in the country and, perhaps,
even to return apartheid. South Africa is not for sale.

"The US ambassador to Pretoria was not yet available for comment.

And more fresh news from Yellowstone: The events that were seen on the day were observed shortly before the eruption of other volcanoes. This is a sharp increase in the height of the caldera, the appearance of new cracks and the appearance of gas Helium-4, a very rare type of Helium. It was the presence of this gas, very disturbing scientists of volcanologists. If there is an eruption of Yellowstone, it will be a worldwide catastrophe.

Since the summer of 2013 in Yellowstone, there has been an increase in the number of earthquakes, and during the last five months, seismic stations
they fixed the lifting of the surface of the earth, covering the muzzle of the volcano by 3.5 cm. Helium-4, this is a predictor of active volcanic activity.
For example, as the volcanic island of El Hierro, the smallest of the Canary Islands of Spain.

This volcano erupted for seven months in 2011 and 2012. Observation results:
1) The earth inside the giant mouth of Yellowstone rises and moves to the south-east.
2) Helium-4, appeared on Yellowstone in incredibly large quantities.
3) When Helium-4 was seen on other volcanoes, it appeared shortly before the large eruptions of these volcanoes.
4) Before the very outbreak of volcanoes, earthquakes occur near a volcano, and one of the largest earthquakes occurred near the Yellowstone crater.

This topic is known and the risk for all the planet is enormous. And in connection with the recent powerful earthquake in 35 years there, he could become more active.
Or maybe not. This is a volcano. It can start erupting in 10 years, and maybe after 1000. But the very fact that the Americans are ready
to pay 10 billion per year is alarming. They will not pay such money without good reason.
And the Pacific ring of fire can activate:

In the US, the fault goes overland, ie if an earthquake starts, there will be no time to warn the nearest cities,
and then cover a tsunami.
The San Andreas Fault: