The Super Volcano woke up. The American superwool Yellowstone wakes up - Everything will be fine! CNN: "The Magma layer beneath the Yellowstone Super Volcano is more extensive than thought"
Scientists have recorded a new record number of mini-earthquakes in the region of the Yellowstone supervolcano. Does this mean that the sleeping monster is awakened?
First July, as of August 30, in the territory of the American Yellowstone Reserve, located in the state of Wyoming, specialists of the US Geological Survey recorded 2,357 small earthquakes. Despite the frightening figures, the level of danger is still officially listed as "normal."
Employees of the US National Geological Survey from the state of Oregon predict the complete destruction of the North American continent due to a large-scale earthquake
These magnificent arabesques are mineral deposits around the Great Prismatic Spring of Yellowstone. Superwolves are found around subduction zones, hot spots and rock formations known as "large erupted provinces." The hot spot of Yellowstone remained stable for millions of years, while the North American continent drifted to the southwest. a large igneous province. The volcanic event that produced the Siberian Traps in the north of Russia lasted more than a million years and is sometimes associated with a Persian-Triassic extinction event in which 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial species are destroyed. Taupo's supervulcanosis is part of the back arc pool, depression on the ocean floor, formed as an ocean trench created by subduction, migrates "back" to an inverted plate.
- Where are the super-volcanoes in the world?
- Examples: subduction zone.
- The yellowstone overseer sits over Yellowstone's hot spot.
According to seismologists, most of the recorded shocks were a magnitude of 1, but there were also more tangible earthquakes: 181 magnitude 2 and 11 magnitude 3. The two largest points shook the picturesque park on August 21 (its magnitude was 3.3) and July 15 (magnitude - 4 ,4).
Yellowstone did not die down after the active phase, which he demonstrated in the summer of 2017, all his activity is yet to come.
Why do volcanologists and other scientists think that Yellowstone's supersonic can flash out before we thought? A new analysis of the crystals of past eruptions shows that a massive volcanic magma chamber can be refueled much, much faster than previously thought. Until now, geologists have believed that in order to implement this transition, it would take a century. The distinctive form of the magmatic chamber of Yellowstone and its structure of eruptions for millions of years are due to the geology of the Yellowstone hot spot.
The hot spot, which is formed deep inside the earth's mantle, remains relatively stable, and the North American continent slowly moves to the southwest. According to our article, Yellowstone produced three colossal eruptions in the last 1 million years. When was the last time the Yellowstone rejuvenation broke out? . Over the past two million years, Yellowstone has experienced three major eruptions. The volcanic debris from these eruptions was discovered in the south, like Louisiana, and in the west, like California.
The US Geological Survey described the series of earthquakes in Idaho, the strongest impulse was 5.3. It occurred near Sod Springs, at a depth of 10 km.
The fact that the epicenter of the earthquake was only 220 kilometers from Yellowstone, greatly alarmed the specialists. In their view, these tremors testify to the numerous internal processes in Yellowstone that show the rapid eruption of the super volcano.
Should we worry about new research predicting a possible early eruption? Yellowstone is still considered inactive and is one of the best controlled volcanoes in the world. Sensors and satellites are constantly looking for changes in the geology of Yellowstone, and now the supervalkan does not seem to pose a threat. Learn more about how the Yellowstone Observatory observes its "sleeping giant" with our video series. Not yet. . After someone learns about the massive, devastating eruptions that were released from the Yellowstone caldera, their usual response is twofold: will it happen again?
Now, after a slight lull, a new burst of seismic activity of Yellowstone activity is expected. Some suggest that it will reach a peak by the end of September - early October.
The reason for this - a solar eclipse occurred on August 21 in the US. It "woke up" and so quite an active volcano, and in order for the changed internal processes to become visible to everyone, it will take a little more than a month.
And how many warnings do we get? In addition to those incredible events, however, Yellowstone and other calderas, like this, see smaller lava eruptions much more often. These "small" eruptions still concern the size of the largest eruptions that the world saw in the last century, such as Mount Pinatubo. So, how much can we expect from them?
These eruptions exhale rhyolite shops that are cooler, but much more viscous and therefore cruel than familiar, chemically distinct and relatively hand-held Hawaiian volcanoes. Magmas vary in chemistry and evolve over time, as minerals with lower melting points are separated from others, which are still solid. For stagnant magmas floating around these melting points, a fresh shot from a hot melt can sometimes prevent the pot and cause an eruption. For many lava eruptions in Yellowstone, some of which have followed long periods of tranquility, such rejuvenation is responsible.
During this period magma, under the influence of an eclipse, began its gradual movement to the surface. Therefore, on the territory of Yellowstone Park, frequent underground points will be fixed at a shallow depth. And as a result - the explosion of Yellowstone.
The official statement of Kim Jong Yin, confirming the successful test of the hydrogen bomb, showed that the map of the devastated United States is displayed in the background. America is panic-stricken by the DPRK hinting at the Yellowstone explosion.
However, much of what we do not know about this process is similar to how quickly this can happen. These crystals, obviously, have an outer rim younger than the interior. This outer rim represents an episode of rejuvenation before the eruption, as additional snow added to the existing snow.
The atoms of some trace elements can diffuse through the crystals of this mineral while it is still hot, but freeze in place after the lava hardens. Since the original magma had fewer elements than the rejuvenating magma, there is a difference in concentration between the inner and outer parts of the snowball. Considering a lot of time at a high temperature, these atoms will diffuse around and blur the boundary. However, if there is still a sharp difference in the concentration at this crystal boundary, you will find out that there was no time between rejuvenation and eruption.
This morning the whole world learned that North Korea had conducted the sixth nuclear tests. This was confirmed by an underground tremor of 6.1 points.
The leader of the DPRK, Kim Jong-no, reported that Pyongyang had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb. But the special attention of Internet users and American journalists attracted a message on North Korean television.
Apply some chemistry, and you can put a number on it. Researchers made spot measurements - tiny spots less than half a micron from barium, strontium and magnesium, crossing the crystal boundary. Along these lines of measurement, most crystals showed smooth rays from one concentration to another. The simplest assumption about how it looked initially was a sudden jump without anything between them and simulating the amount of diffusion that would be required to smooth out gives only 10 months for magnesium measurements.
These are three very different answers to the question of how long it took to restore the rejuvenated magma. However, the researchers believe that the simple assumption that the initial concentration profile is not good. Instead of the chemical composition of the stagnant magma changing instantaneously with the advent of a new batch, these concentrations had to change more slowly as the new material mixed up.
Users of social networks and the media allegedly saw behind the leading "US map". Some "experts" found out in it the East Coast, Florida on the lower right and the West Coast on the left, and in the middle a giant pit filled with water. Users did not get confused and assumed that Kim Jong-un is going to blow up the Yellowstone super-volcano with the help of a hydrogen warhead.
Despite the fact that they diffuse at different rates, the profiles of strontium and barium are functionally identical. Like the race between Usain Bolt and just above the average middle-school athlete, in this case, do not delay these two long distances - less than 40 years. Therefore, instead of representing a diffusion-diffused boundary, it seems that these smooth ramps detect the gradually changing magma chemistry.
In three of the four crystals, there is virtually no change in the magnesium concentration along the boundary. Since magnesium is the fastest, it could smooth out the difference in about 10 years. On the other hand, the fourth crystal, apparently, left the furnace after 10 months or so. Since all four crystals came out from the same eruption, there may have been two rejuvenating pulses of hot magma before the lid was blown off.
NASA experts are preparing to prevent future eruptions of the super volcano in Yellowstone, which can carry a threat to the US and cause serious global consequences of the climate.
Yellowstone caldera or super volcano is located in the homonymous national park. Formed by magma eruptions, the giant bowl measures about 55 by 72 km. Back in the 1960s, geologists discovered the ruins of a volcano crater, under which still there is a bubble with magma. The Yellowstone super volcano has experienced three major eruptions during his lifetime.
Despite everything, it all means that Yellowstone did not wake up for a long time to wake up. But only a few months or years after the fresh magma stirred up the situation, it broke away from 2 to 3 cubic kilometers of lava. Therefore, we should have a lot of useful warning that something angry is causing in Yellowstone volcanic guts, Just not many warnings as we would like. Earthquakes show that the superball is being charged for another eruption.
More than 500 earthquakes hit Yellowstone, as the super volcano beneath the park is charged with magma. Scientists are studying seismic activity to find out what they can learn. A wave of magma that feeds the super volcano beneath Yellowstone is also responsible for the incredible beauty of the park.
Scientists believe that at the moment the probability of a new eruption is extremely small, at least this forecast they give for the next 100 years. Nevertheless, sooner or later it will happen. According to previous experience, it is known that lava will not become a big problem - it has never before gone far beyond the limits of the park. But the ash cloud will cover a 10-centimeter layer of about 800 km of the surrounding Yellowstone territory, which will adversely affect agricultural land. The volcanic cloud also forms in the atmosphere a layer of sulfur dioxide blocking the sun's rays. This will lead to a significant decrease in air temperature.
Yellowstone National Park is on top of a super-volcano, caused by a hot magma trail, deep beneath the earth's crust. This deadly plume of magma, feeding the superulkan, is responsible for the beautiful park above. Geysers and fertile soil are the whole product of volcanism. That same volcanism will someday kill most of life on Earth.
WNCT News: "Can a super volcano under the Yellowstone National Park erupt in the near future?"
A nadverkalon is a massive volcano with a caldera or a crater, which can be tens of miles. In the whole world there are dozens of supercalks, but most of them have little activity. Current hot spots include the area that covers Naples in Italy and the region of the Yellowstone National Park caldera.
NASA already has an action plan for the case of a super volcano eruption. The aerospace agency proposed to build a geothermal station by drilling the wells along the edges of the volcano and pumping water into one of them under high pressure. Scientists plan to bring water heated by magma to 350 degrees Celsius through a geothermal station. This will cool the magma bubble and at the same time will allow obtaining relatively cheap electricity.
However, the activity in these places is a reminder that the great killers are hiding underground. Each major eruption of the super volcano for many years changes the Earth's climate. Particles of sunlight from the ash block, leading to a drop in temperature. Supervolcans are involved in mass extinction events, and if one of them breaks out at this age, there is no reason for I think everything will be different.
If the Yellowstone hormone-volcano had erupted, most of the United States, especially to the south and east, would have been destroyed. Explosions will kill people nearby; then the ashes would bury people further. Anyone who breathes ash will destroy their lungs for a few minutes. Ash covers the lining of the lungs, which makes breathing impossible.
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About the possible explosion of Yellowstone information is already so much that sometimes the theme of a super-volcano that " will demolish half of America"is perceived skeptically ... however, it's not so simple - August 22, 2016 in the California caldera of Long Valley, there were 17 earthquakes with a magnitude of 0.9 to 3.5, and in the US National Park Yellowstone, closed to visits, the account goes to tens of thousands, and the area of the same river with a length of 295 km . The Federal Investigation Agency FLB.ru previously said that. The next activation of tectonic activity in the Cascadia will launch a chain of events that could lead to the complete destruction of North America. And this is only a matter of time ...
Plume of ash from the eruption will surround the Earth for several days, blocking sunlight. Temperatures will fall so much that the snow can fall to the sea level in the tropics. Being devoid of heat and light, many species of plants will die, causing a chain reaction of extinction.
The good news is that although earthquakes show that Yellowstone's overseer is being charged with magma, the process can take many centuries. Hopefully, by the time it flares up, we've developed enough to protect our planet and ourselves from the disaster.
Below is a compilation of materials that will help to assess how justified such expectations are ...
To begin with, some headlines of the English-language press in recent times, which show that the topic is not sucked from a finger:
- Daily Mail: "Yellowstone Bomb with a timer: Experts warn of 90,000 immediate deaths and" nuclear winter "in the US if there is an eruption of Supervolcano":
- CNN: "The Magma layer under the Yellowstone Super Volcano is more extensive than thought":
- WNCT News: "Can a super volcano under the Yellowstone National Park erupt in the near future?":
- Daily Express: "Will Yellowstone erupt in 2016? Shocking video shows a dramatic change in seismic activity ":
- Business Insider: "Yellowstone's Super Volcano - that's what happens if there's an eruption":
Employees of the US National Geological Survey from the state of Oregon predict the complete destruction of the North American continent due to a large-scale earthquake
The next activation of tectonic activity in the Cascadia will launch a chain of events that could lead to the complete destruction of North America. And this is only a matter of time: according to preliminary estimates, a catastrophe can occur within the next 50 years.
The park sits on one of the world's most dangerous super volcanoes, and recent activity has raised fears that the superball will be about to strike. A swarm of hundreds of earthquakes hit Yellowstone National Park with an accuracy of 4 points. The grand prismatic hot spring is one of many hydrothermal park facilities created by the super volcano.
In the past two weeks, 878 earthquakes have been recorded in Yellowstone. The swarm consists of one earthquake in the range of 4, 5 earthquakes in the range of the third magnitude, 68 earthquakes in the range of the 2nd magnitude, 277 earthquakes in the range of the 1st magnitude, 508 earthquakes in the range of 0 and 19 earthquakes with values less than zero, the report said.
August 22 in the California caldera of Long Valley was recorded 17 magnitude from 0.9 to 3.5. This is reported by the portal
The satellite images show that the carbon dioxide level is now one of the most concentrated in the world in the Yellowstone region.
Moreover, in the state of Wyoming, only
The last time the Yellowstone super-volcano erupted more than 700,000 years ago. If a volcano erupts, it could lead to a global catastrophe, especially in the US, where two-thirds of the country will become uninhabitable right away. In addition, the US agrarian industry will be in ruins, and most of the country will be covered with a 10-cm layer of ash, writes.
Scientists spoke of the increased activity of the super volcano a couple of years ago, which can be read in detail on the site. Let us dwell only on some points.
Given the cyclical nature of Yellowstone eruptions, the Geological Society of America originally assumed that the volcano would explode no earlier than 20,000 years ago. However, recent events have forced scientists to change their minds. At first they said that the eruption would happen for 75 years, and now many agree that the event can happen in the coming years. Where are such conclusions from? The matter is that from the beginning of 2014 in Yellowstone park there were a lot of interesting events that affected the forecasts of volcanologists:
1. In the rivers and lakes of the national park, the temperature of the water has risen significantly, reaching boiling point in some places. Geysers, including large ones, that had slept before more than 100 years have become more active.
2. Only from January to July 2014 in Yellowstone there were more than 60 tremors. The strongest of them, with a capacity of 4.8 on the Richter scale, happened on March 30.
If in early 2014 earthquakes occurred at a depth of 10-30 km, now it is from 5 to 10 km. By the nature of earthquakes, we can conclude that in the caldera there are so-called "seismic nails" - vertical shocks that contribute to the appearance of tears and cracks.
3. In April 2014, residents of the surrounding settlements began to notice that buffalo and deer are running from the park, and, as is known, animals are acutely aware of impending catastrophes.
4. As of mid-2014, the soil in the area of the caldera has risen by 178 centimeters. Further information on its rise is carefully hidden.
5. In various parts of the park, the appearance of the gas Helium-4, which usually occurs on other volcanoes shortly before the eruption, was documented.
6. In May 2015, in the caldera of the volcano, an aggressive movement of magma was noticed, the indicators of seismic sensors from time to time go off scale.
7. In the first half of 2015, seismic activity increased markedly around the world, volcanoes began to erupt in Asia, South America, the Pacific Ring of Fire.
There are many indirect facts that indicate that there is an eruption. It is known that the US government has long been preparing for a future catastrophe. In particular, a few years ago they appealed to South Africa with a request to receive refugees in case the volcano explodes. And every year for 10 years, pledged to pay South Africans for 10 billion dollars.
After the refusal of South Africa to conclude such an agreement, the Americans turned their eyes to Liberia, where the road infrastructure and entire cities are being built, the portal "Volcanoes" writes.
In May 2014, ballistic missiles were removed from military bases near the volcano.
From time to time, the Yellowstone Park for unknown reasons is closed to tourists for visits, and a webcam aimed at the Old Service geyser sometimes turns off.
If we talk about the latest news, along with Yellowstone, there is an activation of the California-located super-volcano Long Valley, in the caldera of which only in February 2015, 398 tremors were recorded. If it starts to operate, then Yellowstone will not remain aloof.
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