A major recent volcanic eruption. Hot Five: the most powerful volcanic eruptions
10 most catastrophic volcanic eruptions
Unzen Volcano, 1792
The largest eruption of the volcano Unzen occurred in 1792. From the eruption of the volcano, earthquake and as a result - the emergence of a tsunami killed 15,000 people.
200 years after this eruption, the volcano was calm.
In 1991, the volcano once again became active, in the same year there was an eruption with the release of lava, while 43 people died, including a group of scientists and journalists. The Japanese authorities were forced to evacuate thousands of residents. The volcano was active, throwing out lava and ash until about 1995. Since 1995, activity has decreased and this moment He is in a static state.
Experts say that the formula of cosmetics from volcanic components, due to the richness of minerals, is characterized by high therapeutic values. “Volcanic mud has beneficial properties for people suffering from rheumatic diseases,” added prof.
According to the researchers, there are great chances for a quick introduction of nitric dermo cosmetics to the market due to the end of the testing phase. Until now, the most common cosmetics derived from volcanic matter was pumice, an igneous rock made of porous volcanic glaze formed from gas lava.
El Chichon Volcano, Mexico, 1982
The eruption of the El Chichon volcano in 1982 resulted in the death of 2,000 people in nearby areas in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. After the eruption in the crater of the volcano formed a lake filled with sulfuric.
Feature of the eruption of this volcano was that the atmosphere was thrown out a large number of aerosols, about 20 million tons in this aerosols was the content of sulfuric acid.
It was a terrible winter, and other seasons were also cooler than usual. Unexpected climatic events shocked people, the harvest was catastrophically weak, and the consequence was predictable and immediate: famine in many parts of the world. No one still knows what happened. Scientists are still trying to figure out what caused these strange consequences and such dramatic consequences for humanity.
The few remaining chronicles of these times, in some places, record these phenomena, without their authors explaining their cause. He noted that in 536 the sun was not enlightened by the usual look, but it seemed to be in an eclipse. Referring to 536, he writes.
The cloud fell into the stratosphere and increased its average temperature by 4 ° C; the destruction of the ozone layer was also observed.
Pinatubo Volcano, Philippines, 1991
In 1991, the eruption of the Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines became the second largest eruption in the 20th century. Volcanic rating index was 6.
This is more than the St. Helens eruption in 1980, but less than Tambor in 1815. Pinatubo, June 15, 1991, ejected about two and a half cubic kilometers of the substance, including lava, ash and toxic gases. In total, about 10 square kilometers of matter was ejected during the eruption. About 800 people died as a result of the eruption.
The sun went dark, and its darkness lasted 18 months. Every day the light lasted about 4 hours, and even then his light was weak. Everyone said that the sun will never restore its full glow. The fruits are not baked, and the wine, along with grape acres.
These countries were heavily damaged in Europe, as some monastic chronicles, known as the Irish Chronicles, are reported to prolong their consequences in the following years: various analyzes indicate a famine that occurred in 536, and in 537.
Some scientists believe that climate change at that time would contribute to the reduction and collapse of pre-Columbian pre-Columbian cultures, such as the Moche civilization, which turned into the northern state of Peru. But what happened then? Scientific evidence shows that this was a short period of cooling, and historical information leads to the conclusion that cooling was caused by the appearance of a dense cloud of dust in the atmosphere, which persisted for several years. Such a “dust curtain” largely prevents the sun’s rays from reaching the Earth’s surface to heat it, which leads to lower temperatures.
St. Helens Volcano, United States, 1980
In May 18, 1980, the eruption of St. Helens volcano in the United States began. From a volcanic eruption, 57 people died (according to other data, 62 people).
Emission of gases into the atmosphere reached a height of 24 kilometers, before the eruption a 5.1 magnitude earthquake occurred, which caused a huge landslide.
How do scientists know that the earth then experienced a period of unusual traits? There are several research methods that can get information about the Earth’s climate in the past. The trunk of trees is thickened annually by sedimentation of plant tissue, and these growth rings are observed in cross section, each ring corresponds to one year. Considering the rings, you can determine the age of the tree, and from now you can conclude how it was a year, since the characteristics of the rings reflect the climatic features of the year. Researchers at Queen’s University in Belfast, analyzing samples from oak grown in Ireland, observed abnormally low growth during the year. A similar growth pattern was observed on trees in Sweden, Finland, California and Chile. Analysis of ice precipitated over long periods of time can also provide information about past climate and atmospheric composition. In regions where ice never melts, it is postponed year after year, it becomes more compact, and the layer corresponding to each year reflects the characteristics of that year. Ice is collected by drilling with special equipment in the form of cylindrical samples, sometimes several meters long, called cores, which experts analyze in the laboratory. For example, dendrochronology is based on an analysis of tree growth rings. . Here are the data on which scientists came to the conclusion that around 536 the sky was darkened by a cloud of dust, which was very extensive and persistent, rocked the earth's atmosphere, preventing sunlight from entering the Earth and causing intense cooling of the climate.
The eruption lasted 9 hours. The released energy can be compared with the energy of an explosion of 500 atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima.
Volcano Nevada del Ruiz, Colombia, 1985
The eruption of the Nevada del Ruiz volcano in 1985 led to the death of 20,000 people in the nearby village of Armero. This is the second largest volcano in the 20th century.
A volcanic eruption melted a glacier on it, and the mudslide mass completely destroyed Armero.
However, the case remains open, as scientists have not yet answered the big question: what exactly led to the formation of a dust cloud? From all that we know about our planet so far, this can occur either as a result of the impact of a body coming from space, an explosive accident that blew up a huge amount of dust in the air, and in the case of strong volcanic eruptions that throw large amounts of ash into the atmosphere. . These two areas of research are being conducted by scientists who are trying to figure out the secret of climate change this year.
But the tragedy happened first in the village of Chinchina - the authorities did not manage to completely evacuate the residents and 2,000 people died. Total number of deaths is estimated from 23,000 to 25,000 people.
Kilauea Volcano, USA, 1983 (to present)
Kilauea Volcano may not be the most destructive, but its peculiarity is that it has erupted continuously for more than 20 years, making it one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The diameter of the crater (4.5 km), the volcano is considered the largest in the world.
The second direction of research is volcanic eruptions as the cause of 535 phenomena. It seems that at present a significant part of the scientific community is leaning toward this hypothesis: a cloud of dust that changed the Earth’s climate during the year 536 was caused by a massive volcanic eruption.
Was it an eruption at the origin of climatic quirk 536? But which volcano erupted then so devastating? Suggested “candidates” include. In the book, the author expresses the opinion that these climatic events would have a profound impact on the world at the intersection of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, contributing to the decline of ancient civilizations and the advancement of others, to the stimulation of migration and the emergence of new religions ancient world to medieval. But the theory, fascinating in its own way, has been criticized by many scientists, who consider it largely speculative. Lake Ilopango is a volcanic lake located in El Salvador; the lake today fills the so-called caldera formed by the collapse of a volcanic cone. Whatever the cause of the dust cloud in the atmosphere and which, in turn, caused strong climatic effects, the consequences for human life were harsh.
Vesuvius exploded in the year 79, he buried the whole city of Pompeii under a shroud of ash and pumice, which fell from the sky during the day. A layer of ash reached 3 meters. According to current estimates, 25,000 people have become victims of the volcano. In the place of the city of Pompeii, excavations were carried out, so many victims were caused by the fact that people did not immediately leave their homes, but tried to pack and save their property.
Some authors consider these phenomena to be a source of deep, profound transformations that have had a tremendous impact on the evolution of humanity; without this catastrophic event, the history of many civilizations would have gone a different way, and the world would have looked different today.
Perhaps some of the theories developed from this point of view are dangerous. To what extent can these great transformations be attributed to natural phenomena the enormous magnitude that influenced the planet in those times and which was the main cause of these phenomena - it has not yet been found.
After 79, the volcano erupted dozens of times, most recently in 1944.
Pele Volcano exploded on the Caribbean island of Martinique in 1902, it killed 29,000 people and destroyed the entire city of Saint-Pierre. For several days, the volcano spewed gases and a small part of the ashes, residents saw it, and on May 8, Pele exploded.
Witnesses on ships in the immediate vicinity of the coast described the sudden appearance of a massive cloud in the shape of a mushroom filled with fiery hot ash and volcanic gases, the emissions covered the island in seconds.
Impressed by the spring temperatures - or, at best, recalling the Mediterranean winter winter - in January this year in Bucharest, we began to ask ourselves questions, in general, about climate change and anomalies. It seems undeniable that the weather pattern has changed, if we compare it with what we remember from childhood. But a person is afraid of climate, and this is true, because from time to time nature gives us a lesson, throws us into the claws of a hurricane or leaves us with a terrible drought, a flood that can destroy people, or perhaps all of humanity. Today, his name is known to a small number of people, few people know the history of their lives and inventions that have transformed societies and ecosystems. On the one hand, advances in medicine have facilitated the work of doctors; on the other hand, the emergence of new diseases and new viruses made it difficult to diagnose, which in some cases turned into a search for evidence and proof worthy of Sherlock Holmes. A victim of horror, who, who knows why these “round figures” had rendered some people, these people were waiting for an apocalyptic ending that was so often predicted. 
It was and remains an important link in our entire evolution and in the world. . On both sides of the Carpathians, Romanian political leaders of the time tried to contribute to the implementation of the Union.
Only two people survived the explosion of a volcano.
Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia, 1883
The Krakatau explosion in 1883 can be compared to the capacity of 13,000 atomic bombs.
More than 36,000 people died. The height of the ejected ash reached 30 km. After the eruption, the island seemed to have taken shape, that is, the island itself fell into the emptiness under the volcano, it was all covered with the masses of ocean waters. Since the surface temperature was high and the descent of the land was fast - this led to the formation of a tsunami wave, which moved towards the island of Sumatra, which led to the death of more than 2,000 people on it.
He was 32 years old, and four days before he returned from the war. Alba traveled 11 kilometers to get to Alba, carrying a camera on a bicycle. 
In the history books there are Mihai Viteazu as an artisan of the first union of the Romanian provinces per year.
Like any other nation, Romanians have only one day. 
Events in the Romanian space that took place during this period were recorded in documents that were largely preserved. of today. 
Three different years correspond to some extremely important events in the history of the Romanian people.
At the moment, on the site of an old volcano, a new active volcanowhich grows in height by 6-7 meters per year.
Volcano Tambora, Indonesia, 1815
The eruption of Tambor was the largest volcanic eruption in the entire history of observations on the planet.
10,000 people died instantly under lava flows and from toxic gas poisoning.
Until now, asteroids and comets that astronomers have analyzed come from the solar system. But recently they witnessed the first visit to such an object from outside our star system. 
One of the most impressive parts of the Danube is in the famous Kazan, not far from Drobeta Turnu Severin. On these rocks with a height of more than 200 meters stands an impressive statue: the face of Decebal, the great king of the Dacians.
The total death toll from the volcano and tsunami is about 92,000, not counting the death toll from the ensuing famine.
The scale of the eruption is evidenced by the fact that the amount of substance emitted into the atmosphere of the earth was so large that in the northern hemisphere in 1816 there was no summer.
The thing is that particles of matter reflected the sun's rays and interfered with the warming of the Earth.
The consequence of the eruption was hunger throughout the world.
The power of the eruption was 7 points on a scale of volcanic eruptions.
16/04/2010
Experts warn that a cloud of ash from the Icelandic volcano Eyyafyaldaekyudl reach St. Petersburg in the evening. The chances of citizens to watch the show are small - too high it is. But the consequences of the eruption hit the flight in the Nordic countries. Cancellation of flights to Europe began in St. Petersburg.
1.
Vesuvius, Italy, August 24, 79
The eruption destroyed the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae. Ash from Vesuvius reached Egypt and Syria.
Contrary to popular belief, most of the inhabitants of Pompeii left the city before the disaster, of the 20 thousand inhabitants in the buildings and on the streets were killed 2 thousand. Among the dead is the scientist Pliny the Elder, who, out of scientific interest, approached a volcano on a ship and was at the epicenter of the disaster.
In total, more than 80 eruptions of Vesuvius are known, the last one occurred in 1944. Vesuvius is the only active volcano in continental Europe.
2.
Tambora, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, April 5-7, 1815
The largest eruption in all modern history in terms of the number of human victims (92,000 people died during the catastrophe and the famine that followed) and the impact on the Earth’s climate (ash clouds did not let the sun's rays through, which led to a decrease in temperature). As a result, the Tambor culture, which the Europeans met just a few years before its death, was completely destroyed.
3.
Taupo, New Zealand, about 27 thousand years ago
According to geologists, the last eruption that surpassed Tambor was a volcanic eruption in New Zealand, which led to the formation of Lake Taupo. Today the lake is one of the most beautiful and most popular tourist destinations.
4.
Krakatau, between the islands of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia, August 27, 1883
The largest volcanic explosion in modern history. The tsunami caused by them swept away 163 villages (36380 people died). The roar from the explosion was heard on 8% of the Earth’s territory, pieces of lava were emitted to the air to a height of 55 km, and volcanic ash blown away by the wind fell 5,330 km from the eruption site (the approximate distance between Reykjavik and Karaganda).
5.
Santorini, Greece, circa 1450 BC. e.
The eruption of a volcano on the island of Fera led to the death of the Cretan civilization: volcanic sulfur covered all the fields and put an end to agriculture.
There is a version that Fera Island - this is the Atlantis described by Plato. There is another version: the pillar of fire, which Moses saw, is the eruption of Santorini, and the parting sea is a consequence of the immersion of the island of Thera in the water.
In 1886 (already AD) Santorini’s eruptions lasted a whole year, chunks of lava emanating from the sea rose up to 500 meters. As a result, several new islands appeared.
6.
Etna, Sicily, Italy, 1928
About 200 eruptions of Etna volcano are known, including quite powerful ones: the eruption of 1169 led to the death of 15 thousand people. Etna - active volcano, about once every 150 years, it destroys a settlement to the ground. But the frozen lava makes the soil fertile, so the Sicilians continue to settle on the slopes of the mountain. Especially in 1928, a miracle happened: the flow of hot lava stopped in front of a Catholic procession. In 1930, a chapel was erected at this place, and after 30 years, the lava stopped just before the chapel.
In 1981, the regional government in Palermo created a reserve around Etna.
7.
Montagne Pele, Martinique Island, May 8, 1902
In April 1902, an eruption began in Martinique, and on May 8, a cloud of hot lava, vapors and gases covered the city of Saint-Pierre. Within a few minutes the city was destroyed. Of the 17 ships that stood in the harbor, only one managed to save. Of the 28,000 inhabitants who were in the city, two were saved, including Opost Siparis, sentenced to death. The powerful stone walls of the death row saved the convict. The governor pardoned Siparis and he traveled around the world like this, talking about what had happened.
In the city of Saint-Pierre, the wife of Napoleon, Josephine Beaugarne, was born.
8.
Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, November 13, 1985
The main blow fell on the city of Armero, located 50 km from the mountain, which was destroyed in 10 minutes. Of the 28,700 inhabitants, 21 thousand died. Volcanologists have warned people in advance about the disaster, but since their predictions turned out to be erroneous several times, they did not believe scientists.
9.
Pinatubo, Philippines, June 12, 1991
The volcano was considered extinct, silent for 611 years. The eruption of 1991 claimed the lives of 875 people, and also destroyed the strategic base of the United States Air Force, located 18 km from Pinatubo, and the US naval base.
The eruption led to a decrease in temperature of 0.5 ° C and a reduction in the ozone layer, in particular, in the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica.
10.
Katmai, Alaska, June 6, 1912
One of largest eruptions 20th century. A column of ash rose 20 km, the sound was heard for 1200 km in the capital of Alaska, Juneau. A lake with a diameter of 1.5 km formed on the site of the crater - the main attraction formed in 1980 National Park and reserve Katmay.
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