Tractor Yumz and its technical characteristics

Universal wheel tractors YuMZ manufactured by the giant of domestic engineering, in the past, the defense, the South Machine Building Plant. It was the military profile of the plant that became the basis for the legendary reliability of these tractors.

The matter is that then for the defense enterprises it was forbidden to have civil suppliers, and to release production on the general market were obliged. So it was necessary to produce tractors collected according to the strictness of military acceptance.

The most archaic and at the same time reliable version of UMZ

The main areas of application of technology are agriculture, construction and industry. In addition, tractors are widely used in the work of various municipal services of municipalities. The first tractor of the YUMZ-6 brand was created on the basis of tractors of the Minsk plant, being produced from 1970 to 2001. in several modifications with minor changes.

Purpose and equipment

The YUMZ tractor is designed to work with hinged, semi-mounted and trailed special equipment for work in agriculture, for driving certain elements of stationary machines and for performing transport tasks. Over the years, the Yuzhmash machinery under the UMM brand is the simplest and most reliable of all tractors of this class produced in the CIS. To date, the plant produces two models of tractors under the brands YMZ-6AKL and MTZ-6AKM, which differ from each other in the start-up device and in the transport variant with the presence of a compressor.

YUMZ of the first series

In addition, on the basis of tractors of the Southern Machine Building Plant, a very popular YUMZ excavator is produced, which is used for processing soils of categories 1-4, loading and unloading of various materials. Excavators are equipped with a dump device, a backhoe bucket, which, due to functional features, can be used as a straight line. Excavators based on MTZ can be equipped with a hydraulic hammer, profile, narrow and special types of buckets, a grab and a ripper tooth.

Taking into account additional attachments, it is possible to use an excavator for digging trenches, pits with a dump or loading with transport. In addition, the excavator is capable of planning work, cleaning work, the development of small faces and can be used to produce installation work as a forklift.

Characteristics of YuMZ-6

In the original version, the YUMZ-6 tractor was equipped with a diesel, four-stroke, non-compressor power unit with a rated output of 65 horsepower. Two variants of engines can be installed on the tractor, one of them with the D65-H brand was equipped with a starting engine, and the D65-M engine is equipped with an ST212P1 electric starter.

Speed ​​of movement, which maximally develops the tractor, is 24.5 km / hour. The weight of the tractor with the structural cabin reaches 3200 kg, while the tractor's track is regulated within 1400-1800mm, and the specific fuel consumption is 185 liters. In addition, the maximum overcoming gradient MTZ is no more than 10 °.

The reliability of this 30-year-old model will be envied by many contemporaries

The YUMZ-6 specifications for the undercarriage include the construction of the front axle, implemented as a rigid portal suspension, the use of a two-way clutch, the control of the gearbox and the gear reducer carried out by one lever, as well as the steering column, adjustable in height and angle of installation . In addition, the hydraulic hinged system is implemented separately in the aggregate form without automation devices, and the adjustment of the rear wheel track is made in a smooth mode.

Basic Modifications

Between 1970 and 2001, several modifications of tractors were made. So in the period from 1970 to 1977, a tractor was produced, with the designation MTZ-6L, which differed from the basic modification, a slightly modified cab design and an engine start-up device implemented with the help of an auxiliary engine. In addition, the MTZ-6m model was simultaneously produced in which the engine was started with an electric starter.

From 1985 to 1990, models were produced under the designation YUMZ-6kl, which, from 1991 to 2001, were labeled YMZ-6AKL / AKM. In the model of the post-Soviet period, automatic hydraulic control devices developed by the southern machine-building plant were added, and the letter "k" indicated a modernized cabin of increased size.

Spare parts of YUMZ-6 are not a deficit for any region of Russia and the CIS and are manufactured by various machine-building enterprises as additional products, and as a result, they make tractors and excavators realized on their basis accessible not only in operation but also in maintenance.

The main innovations of recent years have been the ability to complete a tractor with a pre-heater, a heater cover, ballast weights, replaceable liners, remote hydraulic cylinders and other useful devices that enhance the capabilities of the patriarch of tractor construction.

YUMZ - abbreviated "Southern Machine Building Plant". This is the place where the tractor put its start 1970 to 2001. The plant produced a series of modified tractors, which differ slightly from each other.

The technique is most often used for general purpose work. Works can be both rural and urban type. YUMZ-6 is a tractor that can be used during repair roads, during sowing or harvesting, for digging pits under the foundation, etc.

This tractor can be adjusted to any type of work, thanks to its interchangeable aggregate units, which actually increases the demand for it. Aggregate installations are of different types: trailed, mounted and semi-mounted. Accordingly, the YUMZ-6 tractor can serve as an excavator, loader and digger.

Few people know that the tractor UMZ-6 is made on the basis of the famous tractor MTZ-5. MTZ-5 was also produced at the South Machine-Building Plant in 1958. YUMZ-6 comparison in the design plan between MTZ-5 and MTZ-50, is closer to MTZ-5.

Technical characteristics of the YUMZ-6 tractor

The tractor has retained the classical semi-frame structure, which, in fact, is natural for the first model. The internal support part of UMZ-6 includes the transmission housing, the clutch housing. At the very bottom there is an engine, a front axle. Engine equipment YuMZ-6 is equipped with the sides, top and pass the lining, the radiator respectively, too. Facing easily settable (quick-detachable).

Wheels according to the standard have protection with the help of "Wings". Have additional load. The front beam is loaded to increase the coupling weight. Tires in the YMZ-6 low-pressure tractor with water-air valves, for filling the liquid.

On the rear axle is a fuel tank, which is protected by a "protective sheet". The protective sheet holds the operator's seat (there is one seat in the cabin, comfortable, soft, at YMZ-6KL and YUMZ-6KM in comparison with YUKZ-6, with a seat belt).

Weight of the machine: 3400, 3700, 3900 kg.

Engine ЮМЗ-6: no turbo, four-stroke diesel:

• D-65 power of 60 hp, working volume of 4.94 liters;
• D242-71 capacity of 45.6 hp, working volume of 4.75 liters.

Rated torque: 1800 / rpm. The box is five-step, reducer (doubler of the number of gears).

Dimensions of the tractor:

• length: 4165 mm;
• width: 1884 mm;
• height on the cockpit: 2485 mm;
• longitudinal base: 2450 mm.

YUMZ-6 is the first model of the tractor, but at the moment there are others: YUMZ-6L (Start-up engine), UMZ-6AL, UMZ-6K, UMZ-6AK and tractor UMZ 6KL.

Specifications of the YUMZ-6 tractor

Name	Tractor model
	YUMZ-6AL	YMZ-6KL / YUMZ-6KM
Draft Class	1,4	1,4
Estimated driving speed:
without reducer, km / h	7,6 - 24,5	7,6 - 24,5
with reducer, km / h	2,1 - 6,8	2,1 - 6,8
Estimated tractive effort:
with reduction gear, kN	14,0	14,0
without reducer, kN	14,0 - 2,6	14,0 - 2,6
Specific fuel consumption, g / kW · h	245	245
Generator type	13.3701	46.3701
Generator power, W	400	480

Features of modifications YuMZ-6

YUMZ-6AL. Universal agricultural machinery, wheel shape 4K2. The steering column of this series of tractor is adjustable, the dashboard slightly differs from the previous version, the hood is rectangular. YUMZ-6AK  was issued in 1978. The cabin of this tractor is slightly larger than that of its "brothers", this cabin with improved visibility. Improved hydraulic system. At the tractor YUMZ-6Kno hinged system, moreover, there is no possibility to attach working equipment.

UMZ-6 is a model of universal wheeled tractors intended for industry and agriculture. This technique was produced in the years 1966-2001 by the Southern Machine Building Plant in various versions, which differ markedly from each other. The first copy of YUMZ-6 went off the assembly line in 1966.

The MTZ-5 tractor, which the Southern Machine Building Plant produced since 1958, was the basis for the creation of this model. YUMZ-6 was much more like him than MTZ-50.

The model, launched in production in 1966, became a true legend of the USSR. Then the country experienced hard years and felt an urgent need for the development of virgin lands. The South Machine Building Plant was established in 1944 as a production center for space and military development. Naturally, the quality of non-core products (tractors) was very high.

In just 2 years, 100 thousand YUMZ-6 came off the assembly line of the plant. High specifications and performance have made the model very popular. Another advantage of UMZ-6 was the simplicity of the design.

The main areas of application of the tractor were industry, agriculture and construction. However, the model was also used by public utilities.

Modifications

The YuMZ-6 family is represented by 4 different modifications:

1. YuMZ-6L belonged to tractors of the debut series. Most of its elements repeated the design of MTZ-5. On these models, hoods with a rounded radiator grille were installed. Externally, YMZ-6L was very similar to the first MTZ-50.
2. YUMZ-6AL was distinguished by a new steering column, adjustable in angle and height, rectangular hood, modified brake mechanisms and a modified dashboard located in the cabin.
3. YUMZ-6K is an industrial version of YUMZ-6, which received fixing points for bulldozer and excavator equipment. This modification did not have a rear hinged system. Later UMZ-6K was converted into an agricultural version.
4. YuMZ-6AK was produced since 1978. The modification was distinguished by a cab with increased visibility (the similar cabin had MTZ-80) and an improved hydraulic system with a position and power regulator.

Note that the letters "M" and "L" in the family were designated versions, the engine of which was started by an electric starter and a starting motor, respectively.

Technical characteristics and fuel consumption ЮМЗ 6

• YUMZ-6 belongs to the 1,4-traction class and is equipped with engines "D-65" (60 "horses") and "D-242-71" (45.6 "horses"). With these motors, the specific fuel consumption of the technician is 245 g / kW per hour.
• UMZ-6 develops a speed of 24.5 km / h with a mass of 3.2 tons. The maximum slope, overcome by this technique, can not exceed 10 degrees.
• Dimensions of the tractor: height - 2750 mm, width - 1884 mm, length - 4140 mm. The wheelbase of the model is 2450 mm, the ground clearance is 645 mm (rear wheels) and 450 mm (front wheels), the turning radius is 5000 mm.

Schematic of the engine in section

YUMZ-6 was equipped with two types of 4-stroke diesel engines without turbocharging: "D-65" and "D-242-71". The latter was installed in earlier versions. 4.94-liter "D-65" had a power of 60 hp, 4.75-liter "D242-71" - 45.6 hp. The engine was started in YUMZ-6K by means of a starting engine or an ST212P1 electric starter. In addition to the engine itself, the powertrain system of the tractor included air, lubrication and power supply systems.

Device

The main part of the model skeleton was two channels, rigidly linked by a bar, or a frame with a motor, a rear axle, a clutch and a gearbox fixed to it. The front compartment of the case of the transfer box included a reducing gear, rear - the control of the brake system, PTO and differential.

The chassis of UMZ-6 consisted of a rigid suspension of the front axle. It was distinguished by a simple mechanism for controlling the transmission effort and the use of a flow clutch. The steering column in later versions of the tractor was regulated by several parameters. Because of the high location of the center of gravity, the model could only cover an angle of 10 degrees. However, in practice, YMZ-6 confidently felt itself and on significant deviations.

The steering of the model has a hydraulic booster. The hydraulic system of the tractor is presented in the form of an assembly that does not have automation devices. At UMZ-6, wheels with low-pressure tires are mounted. The track travel to the tractor is automatically adjusted within 1400-1800 mm.

A photo

Universal wheel tractors YuMZ were produced by a giant of domestic engineering, in the past, the defense, the Southern Machine Building Plant from 1970 to 2001. It was the military profile of the plant that became the basis for the legendary reliability of these tractors. The matter is that then for the defense enterprises it was forbidden to have civil suppliers, and to release production on the general market were obliged. So it was necessary to produce tractors collected according to the strictness of military acceptance. The main areas of application of technology are agriculture, construction and industry. In addition, tractors are widely used in the work of various municipal services of municipalities. The first tractor of the YUMZ-6 brand was created on the basis of tractors of the Minsk plant, being produced from 1970 to 2001. in several modifications with minor changes.

Characteristics of the tractor UMZ

Technical characteristics of the tractor UMZ-6AKL
Tractor model	ЮМЗ-6АКЛ
Traction class	1,4
Traveling speed, km / h	2,1-24,5
Engine model	D-65N
Engine capacity, l	4,94
Engine power, hp	60
Overall dimensions, mm	4065x1884x2730
Operating weight, kg	3400
Ground clearance, mm	650
Steering	Hydrostatic / mechanical - on request
Brakes	disc, dry, rear-wheel drive
Tires front	9x20
Tires rear	15x38
Electrical equipment	12 V
Pressure in the hydraulic system, MPa	14
Number of gears	5 + 1
Fuel consumption, l / h	3,8
Fuel tank capacity, l	90
Volume of system cooling, l	29
Resource to overhaul, machine hours	12000

  In the original version, the YUMZ-6 tractor was equipped with a diesel, four-stroke, non-compressor power unit with a rated output of 65 horsepower. Two variants of engines can be installed on the tractor, one of them with the D65-H brand was equipped with a starting engine, and the D65-M engine is equipped with an ST212P1 electric starter. Speed ​​of movement, which maximally develops the tractor, is 24.5 km / hour. The weight of the tractor with the structural cabin reaches 3200 kg, while the tractor's track is regulated within 1400-1800mm, and the specific fuel consumption is 185 liters. In addition, the maximum overcoming gradient MTZ is no more than 10 gr.

The YUMZ-6 specifications for the undercarriage include the construction of the front axle, implemented as a rigid portal suspension, the use of a two-way clutch, the control of the gearbox and the gear reducer carried out by one lever, as well as the steering column, adjustable in height and angle of installation . In addition, the hydraulic hinged system is implemented separately in the aggregate form without automation devices, and the adjustment of the rear wheel track is made in a smooth mode.

Modifications of the tractor YuMZ

  Between 1970 and 2001, several modifications of tractors were made. So in the period from 1970 to 1977, a tractor was produced, with the designation MTZ-6L, which differed from the basic modification, a slightly modified cab design and an engine start-up device implemented with the help of an auxiliary engine. In addition, the MTZ-6m model was simultaneously produced in which the engine was started with an electric starter. From 1985 to 1990, models were produced under the designation YUMZ-6kl, which, from 1991 to 2001, were labeled YMZ-6AKL / AKM. In the model of the post-Soviet period, automatic hydraulic control devices developed by the southern machine-building plant were added, and the letter "k" indicated a modernized cabin of increased size.

The device of the engine. SCHEME

YUMZ-6 was equipped with two types of 4-stroke diesel engines without turbocharging: "D-65" and "D-242-71". The latter was installed in earlier versions. 4.94-liter "D-65" had a power of 60 hp, 4.75-liter "D242-71" - 45.6 hp. Start-up of the engine in YUMZ-6K was carried out by means of a starting engine (puskacha) or an electric starter СТ212Р1. In addition to the engine itself, the powertrain system of the tractor included air, lubrication and power supply systems.

Coupling device. SCHEME

  Most of the tractors, especially those produced during the Soviet era, were retooled by the tractor drivers for launching the diesel with a launch vehicle. If you start the tractor with an electric starter - just turn the key in the ignition switch, then when starting up the launcher (starting engine), you need to perform a number of operations. This article is especially for those who do not know how to get a tractor from a launch. In order to start the tractor with start-up, follow these steps: a) start the starter assembly in one of the grooves on the flywheel of the starting motor and wind the cord clockwise on the flywheel when looking at the starting engine from the flywheel side; the other end of the cord must be held in hands; categorically it is forbidden to wind the cord on your hand, as in the case of a back flare you can tighten your hand on the flywheel, which will lead to serious injuries;

B) pull pull the end of the cord by yourself, the starting motor should start working. If the engine does not start, start again. If the engine can not be started with jerks, clean the crankcase from the fuel condensate by twisting the crankcase drain plug, disconnect the drive and the spark plug and, cranking the crankshaft behind the flywheel, blow the crank chamber. After purging, tighten the plug, fix the wire to the spark plug and restart the engine.

After starting, warm the starting motor first at low speed, and then turn the engine to the revolutions limited by the regulator.

Start the diesel. After heating the diesel, they start to start it. To do this, proceed as follows.  1. Turn off the friction clutch and engage the gear wheel of the diesel engine flywheel gear by moving the lever toward you, and you should hear a click. 2. Gently engage the clutch of the clutch of the transmission mechanism by moving the lever away from you. If the speed of the starting motor starts to decrease rapidly, which indicates insufficient heating of the diesel, turn off the friction clutch, wait until the starting motor has reached the revs and then switch on the clutch again.

Ensure that the clutch is correctly engaged and turned off (the lever must be in one of the end positions), otherwise the clutch slips, and the clutch roller and ball of the centering pin from friction are heated and can be welded one to the other. If the diesel does not start and the starter gear has disengaged from the flywheel ring, make sure that the crankshaft does not rotate, and only then reinsert the starter gear into engagement with the flywheel ring.

3. As soon as the crankshaft of the diesel engine starts turning, turn the fuel supply to the cylinders. After the start of the diesel engine, the flywheel drive gear is automatically switched off. The scrolling of the diesel engine by the starting engine for more than 15 minutes is not allowed. 4. Immediately after starting the diesel engine, stop the starting engine for what: a) turn off the magneto by pressing the button; b) close the cock of the fuel tank of the starting engine with the handle. 5. Allow the diesel engine to run at low and medium speed for 2-3 minutes, then set it to normal speed by setting the fuel control lever forward until it stops. That's all there is to know about how to start a tractor from a launch. We recommend that you carry out these operations with extreme care during your first launches.

Tractor YUMZ - photo

Used TRACTOR YMZ-6

  The cost of second-hand UMZ-6 in comparison with similar models is much less. Now it ranges between 100,000-300,000 rubles.

For the plant "Yuzhmash" in 1966 was marked the beginning of mass production of a universal wheeled tractor with traction on a hooked hook of 1.4 tons / s, developed on the basis of the Minsk prototype. The fate of the machine, modernized in many respects, known on the tractor market under the YUMZ-6 brand, was extremely successful.

Over the next two years alone, more than 100,000 machines have come down from the factory conveyors, which have received full recognition in all spheres of the national economy. Different versions of this model have significant structural and operational differences, however, the quality of the assortment has remained unchanged.

All models popular in the main characteristics of the machine to date meet the current standards.

Orient in the variety of assortment will help the alphabetic index.

• YUMZ-6L is part of the first debut series. A characteristic feature is the external similarity with the first tractors MTZ-50.
• The model with the AL index is characterized by an easily readable instrument panel, adjustable in several parameters by the steering column, rectangular hood lining, more perfect and reliable brake devices.
• YUMZ-6K - version is designed for hitching bulldozer blade and small-cube excavator with hydraulic control. This modification is distinguished by the absence of a rear hinge.

  After the appropriate adjustment, the mounted excavator can be used to dig trenches and pits, in another version - for loading bulk materials.

• The version with the AK index is distinguished by a new cab with improved visibility and the presence in the hydraulic system of the power and position controller.
• Indexes M and L are assigned to machines with an electric starter start or equipped with carburetor starting motors PD-10.

The YMZ-6 tractor in various modifications comprehensively proved itself in agriculture and animal husbandry, in urban municipal enterprises of small and large-scale construction organizations.

Specifications

The weight of the basic model of the tractor is 3400 kg. Thanks to the perfect arrangement, the dimensions of the base model are in the range of 4.06 x 1.85 x 2.75 m. The running gear is characterized by a wheelbase length of 2.45 m, a road gleam of the rear and front axle is 650 and 450 mm, respectively, the minimum for this class tractors with a 5-meter turn radius.

The rigid frame serves as the basis for fastening the power plant, undercarriage, cab, fuel tank, onboard hydraulics and other auxiliary units and mechanisms. The track is adjustable from 140 to 180 cm. Due to wide-profile tires, the specific ground pressure does not exceed the standard tolerances.

Model	ЮМЗ-6АКЛ / 6АКМ
Traction class	1,4
Engine model	D-65N
Engine power, hp	60
Dimensions, mm   length x width x height	4065 x 1884 x 2730
Weight, kg	3400
Ground clearance, mm	650
Fuel consumption, l / h	3,8
Fuel tank capacity, l	90
Resource to overhaul, machine hours	12000

Engine

The power unit is presented in two versions.

• The first series of YUMZ-6 were equipped with in-line four-cylinder diesel engines of D-65 brand, a liter volume of about 5 liters and a capacity of 60 hp. The more economical engine of the D242-71 is characterized by a smaller displacement and correspondingly less than 46 hp, with power characteristics.
• The design features of both engines - the lack of turbocharging, power take-off for the activation of the gear pump of the hydraulic system, the presence of a single-stage decompressor. The average fuel consumption is about 245 g / kW per hour.

Both power units provide the optimal traction characteristics for their category, in combination with the selection of power to activate enough power-hung hinged and trailed devices.

Power transmission

The torque from the power unit is transmitted to a nine-speed transmission, equipped with a retarding gear and transmission through a permanently-closed clutch disc clutch.

• The control of the braking devices, the power take-off shaft and the locking of the planetary mechanism of the rear axle are switched on from the driver's seat.
• Steering with power-assisted steering, the column in the last series can be adjusted in tilt and height.
• Cab in terms of comfort, heat and sound insulation allows you to operate the tractor in the most difficult climatic conditions.
• The range of working and transport speeds can vary in a wide range from 2.3 to 24.5 km / h.

The technical maintenance schedule includes in its list testing of the operability of all systems, checking the gaps in the valves of the engine gas distribution system, tightening the threaded fasteners. If necessary, adjust the clutch, flush the centrifuge engine oil system and replace fuel filters.

Video: plowing at YMZ-6

Advantages and disadvantages

The tractor was created on the basis of a machine that was quite perfect for its time, so the number of constructive and production shortcomings to the developers of the new modification was minimized.

• high quality and durability of all units and assemblies;
• simple, accessible for self-repair design;
• more than 70% interchangeability of spare parts and consumables;
• unpretentiousness to fuel and lubricating oils.

The designers took care of improving the operating conditions of the operator, so the tractor cab in terms of comfort, ergonomics and design almost at that time was not inferior to foreign analogues.

The list of disadvantages includes a highly located center of gravity, which excludes the possibility of tractor operation on slopes greater than 10 °. Part of the problem is solved by increasing the track to a maximum value of 1800 mm.

In the second half of the assigned resource there is a poor fixation of the increased speeds of the gearbox, which is especially noticeable when the tractor moves with a trailer on a rough road.

There are a number of comments on the stiffness of the suspension of the undercarriage, the limitation of the operating time of the power unit at small and idle turns.

Price of new and used YUMZ-6

The last car of this model came off the factory assembly line in 2001, therefore, it is almost impossible to buy a car with zero operating time. A more realistic option is the purchase of the YMZ-6 tractor from the hands.

Owners of such equipment are reluctant to part with their mechanical assistants, so the price range for serviceable machines with a sufficiently large residual of the assigned resource is stably maintained at the level of 3 or more thousand cu.

Video: YMZ-6 at work

Analogues

The YUMZ-6 tractor in terms of power and operational parameters is identical to the Minsk machines, since both versions were developed on the basis created by the designers of the Minsk plant.