The story about the hunt of primitive people for mammoths. For everyone and everything

Signs of pregnancy after embryo implantation

Task number 2.Write the missing words.

The most ancient people lived on Earth more two million   years ago.
  The most ancient man resembled a monkey by the fact that he had (what kind of - face? Lower jaw? Forehead?) He had a rough face with a wide, flat nose, jaws protruding forward with a chin chin, a forehead extending back, strongly developed superciliary arches .
  The main difference between the most ancient people from animals was that they were able to create tools .
  The oldest tools of labor were digging stick, club, scrapers, chopping ax, stone axes, later began to make tips for spears .
  The most ancient people had two main ways of getting food: gathering and hunting .

Despite all these efforts at matchmaking, there are often a subset of 340 cheetahs in the North American population who are simply not interested in creating more cheetahs. Some women did not come to mind, and some men show no interest. Thus, for those animals of our population that either cannot or will not naturally reproduce, we are trying to develop reliable methods of helping, says Crosierre.

Some methods are similar to those used in human fertility clinics, including artificial insemination. “In human medicine, artificial insemination is timed, so a woman receives hormone injections at the right time,” says Krosje. Doctors know exactly when to put sperm in its reproductive tract, in order to achieve successful insemination. We are trying to do the same in cheetahs.

Task number 3.Fill out the contour map "The Oldest People on Earth."

1. Write down the name of the continent, on which the archaeologists found the bones and tools of ancient people.
2.Fill the intended area of ​​the person's ancestral homeland.
3.Collect the most ancient sites of a man and his ancestors in circles.

In one of her recent studies, hormonal manipulation of the hepatitis and ovarian cycles was studied. They poured "food" into cheetahs, a short-term supplement of the hormone progestogen, which helped improve the ovarian response to an injection of altrenogest. This method also reduced the level of the cat "hormone" cortisol, which is associated with stress.

In a relaxed cheetah without much attention, a much better shot in successful replay. Returning to a wildlife safari, Daio is looking forward to returning a pancake to his cover. Like the cheetah brothers, Damn and Dio will spend the rest of their lives in the coalition, unlike other women, she and her brother are dogs. As they age, they will remain relatively the same size, which makes it easier for them to fight, chase and play without serious injury to each other. Given that the Rhodesian Ridgebacks and Cheetahs in captivity have the same life expectancy, they are likely to have another ten years of intercourse.

Task number 4.Answer the questions to pattern   our time.

Before you Africa more than two million years ago: a herd of some unknown creatures. Some are looking for food, others are anxiously peering into the distance. Who are they? Monkeys - the distant ancestors of man? Or the most ancient people? The figure itself contains the answer to these questions. Find this answer and explain your thought.

Riley offers to take a picture with Damn. Maddie gently leads her to me on a leash. Damn sits in front of me, her tail - spotted C, twisting in the grass, looking at me in profile, her mouth hanging down gently when she collects the smell of a new person in her world. It is close, her purring sounds like a powerful engine. Riley takes my phone and takes pictures of us. Another shooter rises in a pickup truck, and they put the crate on the ground. They are going to put the pancake in a box and take her back to Daio. In the end, she is closely associated with the guardians who raised her.

She loves when the keepers talk to her, and she shows her affection by caring for them. She will give them little kisses on her hands or rub their feet. When they find out they can reach out to her and touch her. Despite this connection, if Damn decided that she would rather not return, and instead get pregnant outside, taking fresh smells, they too will have to wait, Riley says. They have their own methods to encourage cats to behave in a certain way, but in the end they are still wild animals - even Damn.

  These are the most ancient people. In the foreground, the most ancient person manufactures tools, working stone. The ability to manufacture tools, the ability to create, and not just consume - the main difference between humans and animals.

Task number 5.Make up by pattern   of our time, the description of the hunting of the cave bear.

However, she slowly falls into the box. The keepers load the box onto the truck. Riley says they haven't decided yet whether they will try to propagate Damn. Her affection for people — and for one dog — has been established, but she is just as picky as any other cheetah, so it is not clear at this point whether she might even be interested in mating. While the cat's unusual family structure may its possible love life remains a question mark.

This was before the last glacial maximum - the last era, when ice sheets reached large parts of Asia, Europe and North America - and even in the far north, the mammoths had large open spaces in which to wander.

Where trapped the hunters of the beast? What did he look like? Describe the actions of hunters. What were their goals to kill the bear?

  Hunters trapped the bear at the exit of the cave, where, most likely, is the lair of the beast. This is a very large and strong beast. Climbing onto a ledge of rock, hunters throw large stones at a bear, trying to kill or at least stun the beast, so that later you can confidently descend and finish the bear with spears. Most likely, people hunt bears to get meat, and maybe they want to drive the beast out of the cave, because ancient people lived in caves.

That summer, a student was walking along the river bank when he discovered bones in a nude bluff. In the Russian Arctic, it is not unusual to find a frozen carcass of a prehistoric mammoth, but this is still a remarkable event. The director of the meteorological station duly notified the Committee of Mammoths of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and this fall a team arrived to unearth the carcass.

When they were working, team leader Alexei Tikhonov noticed that the mammoth's tusk looked somewhat unusual - a hint that this ancient mammoth could collide with ancient people. The mammoth fog was also unusually full, with frozen soft tissues still intact. He looked relatively young and healthy; what killed him?

Task number 6.   Make a story about the hunt for mammoths according to the drawings of our time.

1. Here is the beginning of the story. (see drawing).

Acting smoothly and together, the hunters drove the flock of mammoths ... Assume where and why.

  Ancient hunters drove large animals into pre-prepared traps - natural or dug by the hunters themselves.

Petersburg, still frozen, for cleaning and exploring. When they examined the carcass, Pitulco and his colleagues found other evidence of injury. There was a small round hole on one cranial bone. On the right side there was another injury. Mammoth hit the scapula several times. These injuries occurred when the mammoth was alive, but there were also signs of damage after his death. His jaw bone, for example, was broken, and her tusks were altered.

According to Pitulko, these injuries are not consistent with a bone disease or with a carnivorous non-human person. For example, a hole in the skull bone was created with some sharp, sharp instrument. “We were absolutely confident in human participation in the death of an animal,” he says. It was killed, clearly.

Why did the hunters set fire to the grass, wave torches, shout loudly? Describe how mammoths looked like.

  To scare animals, because wild beasts are afraid of fire. This is noticeable in the mammoths, which run primarily from the fire, and not from the hunters.

2. Suppose where the mammoth fell (see drawing). Is it possible to understand from the picture that hunting was dangerous? If so, what? What goals did primitive people hunt for mammoths?

By dating both the bones and the stratigraphic layers of the earth where the carcass was discovered, the team was able to set its age. Outside this mammoth skeleton, there are several other sites that put people in the Arctic in the period up to the last glacial maximum tens of thousands of years ago. But this is evidence that most relates to the past, forcing people in the Arctic tens of thousands of years before this area was thought to have been inhabited for the first time by people.

In the study, the researchers concluded, noting that "the early arrival of people in the area close to the land bridges of Bering may have provided people with the opportunity to enter the New World to the Last Glacial Maximum." If people were sitting in Siberia before the ice began to crawl to the south, however, the question arises whether they could quickly cross from Asia to America for tens of thousands of years.

  Mammoth fell into a hole, which was covered with branches. The animal will not be able to get out of it and the hunters will finish the mammoth with stones and peaks. In the figure we see that one of the hunters was injured, and it can be assumed that hunting was a very dangerous occupation. But the hunt for mammoths brought a lot of meat. People made tools from the bones of an animal, and made clothes from hides.

“These findings give more questions than ready-made answers,” says Pitulko. At the very least, this opens up a new picture of human expansion throughout the world, people traveling north to the land, rich in giant mammoths, who are just waiting to be removed.

A fragment of an elephant, opened in Ulm, the first work of art in the world, now gives a new insight into the cradle of sculpture. Were there any first masters? This is one of the greatest mysteries of evolution, why planet Earth exaggerated the right relative of the chimpanzee, who soon took advantage of fire and Flintstein, and, in the end, even imitated the creation itself.

Task number 7.Write the missing words.

About 40 thousand   years ago, man became the same as people of our time. Scientists call him cro-Magnon .
  Hunting fast-moving animals and birds has become more successful after the invention bows and tips with curved teeth .

Only a person can create portraits. In the end, now this place is known where the first Stone Age Picasso was active. These were the caves of the Swabian Alba, where people could acquire the art of sculpture. Enveloped in hides, in his hand with a scraper and a long knife-fireplace, he cleared the first figurative images from the pale tusks of the mammoths.

He used, as it were, four caves as an atelier: the Vogelherd and Holloustein caves in Lonnetal, as well as the Heissen and Holenfels caves near Blauburen. In early excavations in the ruins of these grottoes 18 small sculptures were found. They lay next to the beads.

Task number 8.   Answer the questions.

1. You know that "reasonable people" lived by tribal communities. Why is this community called generic?

  The community included several large families that were related to each other.

2. What are the signs of the tribal community, the word "community"? Why is she called that? What property was shared by the congeners?

Totally untidy, the first artistic center of humanity. Another shows a killing cat on a sneak. The most surprising, however, is a small sculpture of a mammoth: 3, 7 centimeters in length and fully preserved. As a good spirit has protected them, this ambassador of the beautiful comes from a distance from the Paleolithic.

“Powerful foreheads and a dynamically curved chest” expand a tiny figure, Conard explains. Eyes are indicated by cutouts. Even the stump is still there. Gently, the researcher lifts the Pretozo with white gloves out of a cardboard box. The image weighs only 7, 5 grams.

  People together obtained food, built houses, made tools and clothes, brought up children. Stocks of food, tools, dwellings were common.

3. How can we explain that during the excavation of the primitive sites of “reasonable people”, archaeologists find women figurines?

  In the ancestral communities, the mother woman was especially respected.

With brutal violence, so clearly, a very darkened idol was once created. First, the artist had to pierce the cane with a stone ax. He smoothed the sand with sand. Probably the snow was outside. During the last ice age, Lonetal was a steppe tundra, with summer temperatures below 15 degrees Celsius. The mammoth may have just been recently shot, and the dog is still smeared with blood and bone marrow — only ivory can be well carved. “White gold may also have been buried in a store in the ground,” said Conard.

Task number 9.   Complete the task and answer the questions.

Write the names of the depicted tools. Which of these tools was commonly used to hunt beasts, and which was used to catch big fish? Explain why you think so?

1. spear 2. harpoon
A spear to hunt the beast, and a harpoon for fishing. Piercing the prey, the teeth stuck in it, not allowing the fish to slip off the harpoon.

The aesthetic first-class Swabian Alb seems too perfect to them. But there can be no doubt in dating. Neither in Asia nor in Africa there are no earlier portraits. In simple text: art was invented in Germany. Neanderthals dealt with pigments, perhaps for painting. In the cave of Blombos in South Africa, piercing jewelery clams appeared.

In the era of Aurignaki there was a deep change of life. When he woke up from a paralyzing dream, man fell into the madness of creation. The English term is “human revolution”. It began with engravings on bones and insulated beads. They were followed by carved vulva and penis, which hung on the rocks in the south of France. Now skewers and throwing wands were decorated with bas-reliefs.

Task number 10.Answer the questions to pattern   of our time "primitive funeral rite".

Describe the drawing. What beliefs of primitive people can be learned from the ritual depicted in the figure? Why was the deceased laid in a sleeping posture? What was the purpose of wearing a necklace of bear teeth, and put a spear in the grave?

In the Chauvet Cave, the picture of the prehistoric period has reached a magnificent climax. About one and a half thousand paintings of animals cover the walls of this ancient Sistine chapel. Ocher mixed water with water, they crushed hematite chunks into red and purple ink. From time to time they chewed on charcoal and sprayed the scythe like a small black fog on a rock.

Thus, shadow handprints were created. With a bundle of vegetable fibers, manufacturers threw wool rhinos and bison on stone walls in dark light. But also the figures of lines and strange reflections, including a mysterious figure with a deer's head and a woman's belly.

  A person is buried in a pit, in his usual clothes, putting food into the grave. The ancient people believed that the soul of the deceased continues to lead the life that the living person led. They were buried in a sleeping posture, probably because they thought it possible to return the soul to the body and “awaken” the dead. The bear necklace was a symbol of a courageous hunter who would need a spear to hunt in another world.

Anyone who sees these cave photos is aware of the aspirations of their authors. In the Belgian nation, Beeri goes into still life. What else runs, rides and rides, whether horse or deer - in the flickering light of the original greasiness, it was harmoniously frozen and forever dragged into eternity.

The demon stands upright, with an elongated body. Is his left hand decorated with seven grooves - tattooed code? The adorant is also puzzling. He pours a small ivory plate. The figure raises his hands like a priest in blessing. He is regarded as the very first image of a man made out of himself - Avatar Aurignaki.

Task number 11.Find the errors.

One student dozed off in class. He dreamed of Africa over two million years ago ... Here is a group of monkey-like people moving. Everyone is in a hurry to get away from the weather - the sky is black with clouds. Only two cheerful boys lag behind the rest, talking enthusiastically about something. “Stop talking!” The leader shouts at them. Suddenly heavy snow fell, everything was immediately chilled, even the clothes from animal skins could not protect people from the cold. Finally they hid in a cave. Immediately got out from behind the sinuses and began to chew on roots, nuts and even stale bread. Suddenly, everyone froze in horror: a terrible predator was approaching the cave - a huge dinosaur. What will happen next?! It was not possible to learn: the call from the lesson interrupted sleep at the most interesting place.

What historical mistakes does a student's dream contain?

  2 million years ago: a) people did not know how to talk, b) in Africa it could not snow, c) there was no clothes from animal skins, d) did not know bread, e) dinosaurs had died out by that time.

Task number 12.Solve the primitive hunters and gatherers crossword puzzle.

If you correctly solve the crossword puzzle, then in the selected cells vertically, read the name of the cave where the images of primitive people were found for the first time.

Attention! Correct answers are shown in brackets.
  Horizontally:   1. Mainland, where, according to scientists, the most ancient people lived ( Africa ). 2. Weapons of primitive hunters, which can hit the target at a great distance ( bow ). 3. The first force of nature, which captured primitive people ( the fire ). 4. Occupation of primitive people, which allowed to obtain meat food ( hunting ). 5. Supernatural being, in which primitive people believed; as if living in every person ( soul ). 6. The largest of animals, which hunted primitive people ( mammoth ). 7. The horned beast, often portrayed by primitive artists ( buffalo ). 8. Primitive instrument, especially necessary for fishers ( harpoon ). 9. Occupation of primitive people, which allowed to extract mainly vegetable food ( gathering ).
  Vertical Answer: Altamira



Today we will glance in ancient times and get acquainted with a huge in size mammals living before the Ice Age. We dedicate to us a master class mammoth.

Ancient mammoth

What do we know about this mammal? That he is very similar to an elephant, only several times larger and more hairy! See how to draw a mammoth in stages.

Stage 1
Draw a circle, then a large circle, which goes a little on a small one. To a large circle draw a curve, as for the letter "E". Sketch the future trunk as a curve.

Stage 2
  The first thing you do is to draw the head and trunk. Then portray the mouth, cheek and ear. Show the eye on which the coat falls. Since this animal has a hump, draw it on its back, as shown in the example.


Stage 3
  Look carefully at the example below, try to show the tusks too.

Stage 4
  Now paint the front legs, then the back and the back legs. Lines lead not smooth, but intermittent, as if showing the shaggy fur of the beast. On the legs, show large claws.

Stage 5
  Take an eraser and erase all unnecessary lines.

Stage 6
  You can color the resulting picture at will. See how we did it.

Pencil

You can draw a mammoth with a pencil by making a few sketches and strokes. The main thing is not to rush and work with the details.

Make a sketch with a light pencil. Outline the large and small circle, then connect them. So you outlined a sketch of the torso and head. The head is divided into 4 parts. Make sketches for the trunk, tusks and limbs.

In the upper right corner, show a small eye. Next, in short pencil strokes, shade the ear showing wool. Picture the tusks. In the same short strokes outline the outline of the head and trunk. Do not push hard on the pencil!


The entire body of the animal is covered with thick hair, in order to depict it with a pencil, it is necessary to use short strokes when drawing contour lines. Light movements depict strong legs, a powerful body and tail of a mammal. Armed with an eraser, erase the auxiliary lines.


Hatch the entire mammal, sometimes pressing more strongly on the pencil, or use another, darker pencil. Pass a shadow falling on a horizontal surface on the image.

For beginners

With the help of the comic book, we will show you how easy it is to draw a mammoth. So, the mammoth hunt has begun!

Draw a rectangle, in the upper left corner draw an oval. Then two small ovals from above and below.


A little to the right of the main oval, draw a semicircle that will serve as a hump.

Draw 4 rectangles for legs and draw a long trunk. Outline 2 "banana" - it will be tusks. Draw a short tail in the form of a triangle.


Draw the eye and ear in the form of the number 7. Do not forget to draw the fingers!


Take a bold pencil or pen and trace the entire outline of the animal. Use short strokes all over your body. You need to smooth out the contours, see how it is shown in the example below.

Erase the auxiliary lines. And shade the entire mammal. He must be very shaggy.


That turned out such a cute picture. How do you like this hunt?

For kids

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