What will happen if the Yellowstone volcano. The Yellowstone super volcano, the explosion of which will bring the death of civilization, begins to wake up. As it will be

Signs of pregnancy after embryo implantation

The United States Government is negotiating with various countries to provide homes for Americans on an urgent basis for $ 10 billion
a year for ten years. The Government of the United States believes,
that the Yellowstone super-volcano will erupt over the next ten years, and offers to pay to foreign countries
at $ 10 billion a year for ten years, if they agree to provide a home for Americans urgently,
if the Yellowstone super-volcano begins to act.

As it will be

Yellowstone National Park is the pride of the United States. It is overflowing with picturesque landscapes. And its colorful hot pools and geysers attract tens of thousands of visitors every year. But beneath this beautiful, but thin skin is a monster.

What kind of a volcano?

A huge magma pool sits high in the earth's crust. It was calculated that it contains about 250 billion cubic kilometers of molten rock. And these coefficients are much higher than the repetition of the impact of a comet on the Earth of the type that destroyed the dinosaurs.

Dr. Jean-Philippe Perrillat of the National Center for Scientific Research in Grenoble, France, confirms that the mogma is growing and remained for a maximum of ten years! The African National Congress (ANC) of the Government in South Africa received a request from the United States, which is part of the disaster management plan in the United States. According to him, South Africa will be paid 10 billion dollars a year (about R100 billion) for ten years.

Should I be afraid of the United States?

The super volcano is very different from the general concept of high cones of rock and ash, which sometimes catastrophically erupt. Instead, it is a vast expanse of destroyed bark that can cover hundreds of square kilometers. And if he broke through, it would not be with a bang.

Instead, huge amounts of burning magma and smoke clouds slowly crept along the landscape - most of the United States was buried under a thick layer of ash and lava. In the case of Yellowstone, this is enough to change the climate of the world for several centuries.

A plan for temporary housing for millions of Americans in South Africa, if the Yellowstone super-volcano begins to erupt. Countries that will participate in the plan include Brazil, Argentina and Australia. South Africa's press secretary for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Sifo Matwetwe, said that South Africa "will not be part of the plan, because there is a risk that millions of white Americans can be sent to our country in an emergency situation, and we believe that this is a black threat national culture and identity. "
A super volcano is a hundred times stronger than an ordinary volcano and can not just kill millions of people, but destroy the entire civilization.

Samples of soil revealed lava flows hundreds of kilometers in length - and kilometers in thickness - from past eruptions. And the ash falls were even more immense. This caused a global volcanic winter, which lasted a decade. It is expected that Yellowstone will not fail in the near future.

This is much more regular than the catastrophic consequences of comets. "When people first considered the idea of ​​protecting the Earth from the impact of asteroids, they reacted similarly to the threat of a super volcano," Wilcox said. People thought: "How insignificant, how we can, people can prevent an asteroid from getting to Earth."

If Yellowstone works, the entire North American continent will be destroyed, and the Earth can be submerged for several years in a "volcanic winter" (Nuclear Winter)
A recent scientific analysis of molten rock under the Yellowstone National Park in the United States has shown that an eruption can occur without any external possible influence. Scientists previously believed that many eruptions of super volcanoes are preceded by earthquakes that break the earth's crust and open the way for magma. But a new study shows that this can happen spontaneously as a result of increased pressure.

Answer: Find a way to cool the magma. In a slightly cooler state, it becomes thicker. They propose to do this by tingling the surface of the super-volcano to release steam. But this in itself creates risks. Drill too deeply, and the vent can cause explosive depressurization, which can lead to an accurate eruption that scientists have tried to avoid.

If you've heard of Yellowstone National Park, then most likely you've heard the end-of-the-world scenarios about Yellowstone National Park. And, as we all know, part of the park sits on top of a giant volcanic caldera. As in the rest of the park, the underground magma chamber is larger. It is about 37 miles in length, 18 miles in width and 3 to 7 miles in depth.

Supervolcans represent the second largest threat to life on earth after the Earth collides with asteroids, and they were in the past responsible for the massive extinction of species on Earth, long-term climate change and shorter "volcanic winters" occur when volcanic ash covers sunlight. American scientists have identified South Africa as an area where people could survive in the "volcanic winter" when Yellowstone explodes. Although the US government does not want to cause panic among its citizens, it wants to "hedge and be ready" if the worst happens and Yellowstone breaks through.

This may seem rather horrible; However, fortunately for us, all this magma is safely tucked under the surface of the Earth. Can the Earth dive into the volcanic winter, as some sources indicate?

The answers we are looking for are from geologist Jake Lowenstern. According to Lowenstern, although the source of the Yellowstone magnetics is huge, the walls of the lava will not flow across the continent if there is a super eruption. Of course, this is still common enough to cause considerable devastation.

The volcano is now constantly monitored by seismographs at 45 points, and it is likely that the United States will have several weeks or days to alert the alert and to send a large number of its citizens abroad, especially in the southern hemisphere. Although the South African foreign and science ministries were fully informed about the US plan, together with the large amount of money they pay for temporary housing for Americans in Carra and Kalahari where they could survive, the Cabinet decided to reject the US request so far. R100 billion will be paid from 2014 every year for ten years to pay to South Africa, after which the plan will be considered. It can take up to ten years for a magma chamber of a super volcano to explode.

Most of the long-range damage comes from the "cold ash" and pumice, carried in the wind. 4 or more inches would cover the ground in a radius of about 500 miles. This will prevent photosynthesis and destroy much of the plant life in the region. Lighter sprays will cross polluting United States farms in the Midwest, covering cars in New York and polluting the Mississippi River. This would have blocked the water and agricultural land with toxic slime. Thus, the worst result of this event will be the destruction of our food reserves and waterways.

According to Dr. Jean-Philippe Perrillat of the National Center for Scientific Research in Grenoble, France, "the difference in density between the molten magma in the caldera and the surrounding rock, large enough for magma from the chamber to pour out onto the surface." "The effect is the same as the extra buoyancy of a soccer ball filled with air under the water, it rises to the surface because of the surrounding water," said Dr.. Perrillat. "If the volume of magma is large enough, it should rise to the surface and explode like a bottle of champagne, which was uncorked.

Probably, we will see a global effect on temperatures from all excess particles in the Earth's atmosphere. However, and this is the key point, these effects would last only a few years, since Yellowstone would not be big enough to cause the long-term catastrophes that we see in end-of-the-world scenarios.



Moreover, contrary to what Hollywood could believe you, the eruption will not happen without warning. Super eruption, like all volcanic eruptions, begins with an earthquake. And if Yellowstone had a super eruption, we would have been bigger. These earthquakes will begin weeks or months before the final eruption. So this eruption will not come out of nowhere.

"According to Dr. Sifo Mathetwe, the South African government still says:" We sympathize with the American problem with Yellowstone,
but we have our own problems in South Africa. There are 200 million white people in America, and if too many move to South Africa,
this is a big problem, although there is enough housing and infrastructure available. But ... it will destabilize the situation in the country and, perhaps,
even to return apartheid. South Africa is not for sale.

In fact, most scientists agree that such an eruption will not happen at all, since the caldera has gone through many regular eruptions that cause pressure. There are many, many hydrothermal objects in the park. According to the National Park Service, Current geological activities in Yellowstone remained relatively constant, as scientists first began monitoring more than 30 years ago. In addition, the University of Utah seismograph station is closely monitoring this activity.

So, it seems that you can add the "Yellowstone Super Eruption" to your list of ways that the world will not end. The largest earthquake in 34 years - 6 points - struck Montana on Thursday morning. The epicenter of the tremor was only 240 miles from Yellowstone Park - the site of a sleeping super volcano with destructive potential.

"The US ambassador to Pretoria was not yet available for comment.

And more fresh news from Yellowstone: The events that were seen on the day were observed shortly before the eruption of other volcanoes. This is a sharp increase in the height of the caldera, the appearance of new cracks and the appearance of gas Helium-4, a very rare type of Helium. It was the presence of this gas, very disturbing scientists of volcanologists. If there is an eruption of Yellowstone, it will be a worldwide catastrophe.

Panic of Montana residents were afraid of the worst when an earthquake occurred, with fears about the stability of the Yellowstone volcano. But the United States Geological Survey stated that the volcano should not erupt in the near future. Hundreds of earthquakes have been recorded on site, in Wyoming, in just two weeks - the most active period in five years.

Mount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Yellowstone is about to explode. Although the eruption risk is called "low", experts are concerned that a recent activity spell may be a warning that it is a blow. If this happens, a terrible veil of sulfuric acid erupting from its abyss, blocks the sun, which can lead to a drop in temperature to levels of the Ice Age.

Since the summer of 2013 in Yellowstone, there has been an increase in the number of earthquakes, and during the last five months, seismic stations
they fixed the lifting of the surface of the earth, covering the muzzle of the volcano by 3.5 cm. Helium-4, this is a predictor of active volcanic activity.
For example, as the volcanic island of El Hierro, the smallest of the Canary Islands of Spain.

Temperatures are falling due to the fact that smoke and ash escape into the atmosphere. These are explosive images of some of the most amazing volcanic eruptions in the world. Breathtaking images capture lava erupting from Kilauea, from spittle from craters and fogs of smoke rising thousands of feet in the air.

There are several superboots around the world that scientists fear are on the verge of an eruption. Studies published earlier this year show that one of these volcanoes in Naples, Italy, may be ready to blow up its cover. Scientists have discovered that a volcano - which is only a few miles from - has where further activity can lead to an eruption.

This volcano erupted for seven months in 2011 and 2012. Observation results:
1) The earth inside the giant mouth of Yellowstone rises and moves to the south-east.
2) Helium-4, appeared on Yellowstone in incredibly large quantities.
3) When Helium-4 was seen on other volcanoes, it appeared shortly before the large eruptions of these volcanoes.
4) Before the very outbreak of volcanoes, earthquakes occur near a volcano, and one of the largest earthquakes occurred near the Yellowstone crater.

The Yellowstone National Park is known all over the world for its hot springs. These thermal characteristics are easily observable evidence of the active magma system under the park. This magma system produced one of the largest in the history of the Earth - the eruptions are so great that they were called "super volcanoes." One of these eruptions produced about 50 miles across.

How active is the Yellowstone volcano?

If you are worried about this? A nadverkalon is an eruption that estimates the value of 8 on. The scale ranges from 0 to 2 of these eruptions, the eruption of Lava Creek and the eruption of the Huckleberry Range, occurred in Yellowstone. The Yellowstone Observatory observes closely the effects of earthquakes, earth deformation, flow and flow temperature in the Yellowstone area. There are random earthquakes, the surface of the earth changes altitude, and the flows vary in both the discharge quantity and temperature.

This topic is known and the risk for all the planet is enormous. And in connection with the recent powerful earthquake in 35 years there, he could become more active.
Or maybe not. This is a volcano. It can start erupting in 10 years, and maybe after 1000. But the very fact that the Americans are ready
to pay 10 billion per year is alarming. They will not pay such money without good reason.
And the Pacific ring of fire can activate:


When was the last eruption of Yellowstone?

They have no evidence that a volcanic eruption of any size will occur in Yellowstone in the foreseeable future. Jake Lowenstern will introduce you to the observatory of the Yellowstone volcano and explain the monitoring methods used.

What causes this volcanic activity

  There's a hot spot under Yellowstone. A hot spot is a constant plume of hot material rising through the mantle of the Earth. This rising plume delivers heat to this area, forces forces in the earth's crust to produce earthquakes and rarely produces a volcanic eruption.

In the US, the fault goes overland, ie if an earthquake starts, there will be no time to warn the nearest cities,
and then cover a tsunami.
The San Andreas Fault:


The Yellowstone super volcano, whose explosion will destroy the whole of North America and doom half the world to a slow death, begins to wake up.

The leak point is also responsible for the eruptions of Hawaii volcanoes. The hot rock below is what drives the geysers of Yellowstone National Park. Rain water penetrates into the ground and enters the groundwater circulation system. Some of this water circulates deeply, overheats, and then pours out of the geyser. Image of the National Park Service.

Magmatic activity below Yellowstone makes the rock under the park be much hotter than the subsurface in other areas. Water that falls like rain or snow over these rocks can penetrate the ground and enter the groundwater system. Some of this water meets the rock below and heats up to a temperature above the boiling point. This water remains liquid, because it is under enormous pressure caused by the weight of the overlying rock. The result is "overheated" water, which can reach temperatures up to 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

The danger of the death of our entire civilization still exists, many scientists acknowledge. The fact is that the inevitable processes inside our planet, occurring before our eyes, are recognized by specialists as a global threat that can erase whole continents from the face of the Earth. Seismologists say that the Yellowstone caldera is the most destructive force on our planet.

Overheated water is less dense than the cooler water above it. Thus, less dense, overheated water is floating. This instability causes superheated water to rise to the surface through the pore spaces in the overlying rock. Some of them will find their way into the cavity that feeds the geyser system, and will be blown to the surface in the eruption.

In these videos, Jake Lowenstern, a scientist responsible for the Yellowstone Observatory, will tell you about the superstitions in Yellowstone, how they are controlled and what is expected in the future. This still applies to the apocalypse and something else, but first we briefly recall school instruction, alternatively Latin, geographic or historical. Pompey was buried under an unimaginable layer of five meters of such a lava. Two other cities, Herculaneum and Stabia, were also destroyed.

One of the last eruptions of this magnitude occurred in Sumatra 73 thousand years ago, when the explosion of the Toba supernovolcan reduced the population of the Earth by about 15 times. Then only 5-10 thousand people remained alive. The number of animals decreased by the same amount, and three quarters of the flora of the Northern Hemisphere died. On the site of that explosion, a pit was formed with an area of ​​1775 sq. Km. km, which could accommodate two New York or London.

Against this backdrop, it's hard to imagine what would happen if an eruption of the Yellowstone supervolcano takes place, which is twice the size of Toba! "Against the background of the eruption of the super volcano, all the others seem to be dwarfs, and its power is a real threat to all living on this planet," said Bill McGuire, professor of geophysics, climate change specialist at London University College.

STATES LIVE ON THE POWDER BOCH

What is this time bomb in the northwest of the USA? The super volcano is not a cone-shaped formation with a vent, like ordinary volcanoes. By appearance it is a lowland, called a caldera by volcanologists, which resembles a huge hollow. This unremarkable trough is a giant volcano with an eruption area of ​​several thousand square kilometers. By the way, because of the huge size, scientists at first did not even recognize the caldera in Yellowstone Park USA. Photo from the satellite showed that the entire park area of ​​3825 square kilometers and is a caldera of about 55 km by 72 km.

Outside, the Yellowstone Reserve is covered with picturesque landscapes, and inside this huge valley is filled with red-hot magma. For thousands of years, magma has filled huge underground reservoirs, melting rock, becoming dense enough that volcanic gases that cause eruptions in ordinary volcanoes can not pass through it. Therefore, a huge amount of molten magma presses from below to the surface of the Earth. This continues for hundreds of thousands of years until the abscess breaks and a terrible explosion occurs.

Having at its side such a crushing force, the US authorities set the task of scientists to calculate the date of the next eruption of the super volcano. According to scientists, the period between explosions of a super volcano is approximately 600 thousand years. Given this periodicity, it is in our age will fall another cataclysm. At first the researchers talked about the year 2075, but in the summer of 2003 strange things started to happen in Yellowstone Park. The soil temperature rose to the boiling point, crevices opened, through which hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide - volcanic gases contained in magma - began to ooze. These signs gave scientists reason to believe that magma escaped from the chamber and with an increase in several times the speed comes to the surface. In this regard, the term of the alleged breakthrough of the volcano was shifted by almost 50 years.

"Over the past two million years, there have been three super-powerful eruptions in Yellowstone, and each of them has turned the half-continent into a desert," says Robert Smith, professor of geology and geophysics at the University of Utah. - While the magma of the super volcano (although it rises 8 cm a year since 2004) is located at a depth of 10 kilometers from its mouth, it is too early to worry, but if it rises to a level of 2-3 km, we will have very serious reasons for concern " .

And there are reasons for concern. Back in 2002, near the old caldera in Yellowstone, three new geysers emerged, which are one of the manifestations of late stages of volcanism. Over the past four years, the soil has risen by almost 180 cm, which is 45 times higher than in the previous four years.

AS IT WILL BE

If the explosion occurs, then, according to the scientists, the picture will be pohleshche descriptions of the Apocalypse. Everything will start with a sharp rise and overheating of the earth in Yellowstone Park. And when a huge pressure breaks through the caldera, thousands of cubic kilometers of lava will pour out of the formed vent, which will resemble a huge fire pillar. The explosion will be accompanied by a powerful earthquake and lava flows, developing a speed of several hundred kilometers per hour.

The eruption will last for several days, but people and animals will mostly die not from ash or lava, but from suffocation and poisoning with hydrogen sulfide. During this time, the air in the whole west of the US will be poisoned so that people can hold out no more than 5-7 minutes. A thick layer of ash will cover almost the entire territory of the United States - from Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, which will be erased from the face of the Earth, to Iowa and the Gulf of Mexico. The ozone hole above the continent will grow to such a level that the radiation level will approach Chernobyl. All of North America will turn into scorched earth. Severely affected and southern Canada. Scientists do not deny that the Yellowstone giant will provoke the eruption of several hundred ordinary volcanoes around the world. At the same time, eruptions of ocean volcanoes will generate a lot of tsunamis that will flood the coasts and all island states. The remote consequences will be no less terrible than the eruption itself. And if the United States takes the main blow, the whole world will feel the effect.

Thousands of cubic kilometers of ash, thrown into the atmosphere, will close the sunlight - the world will plunge into darkness. This will cause a sharp drop in temperature, for example, in Canada and Norway for a couple of days, the thermometer will drop by 15-20 ° C. If the temperature drops by 21 degrees, as during the last eruption of the Toba supervolcano, all territories to Antarctica will turn to the 50th parallel - Norway, Finland or Sweden. There will be a "nuclear winter", which will last about four years. The incessant acid rains will destroy all crops and crops, kill the cattle, dooming the survivors to starvation. The countries that are the most affected by hunger are the "billionaires" - India and China. Here, from the famine, up to 1.5 billion people will die in the next few months after the explosion. In the first months of the cataclysm, every third inhabitant of the Earth will die. The only region that can survive is the central part of Eurasia. Most of the people, according to scientists, will survive in Siberia and the East European part of Russia, located on earthquake-resistant platforms, remote from the epicenter of the explosion and protected from the tsunami.

ONLY NUMBERS

According to the British broadcaster BBC, while ordinary volcanoes kill thousands of people and destroy entire cities, super-volcanoes claim billions of lives and devastation of the continents.

AT 2500 times  more powerful than the strength of the last eruption of Etna, the explosion of Yellowstone is expected.

AT 15 times More ash will throw out the Yellowstone caldera than throw out the volcano Krakatoa, which destroyed 36 thousand people.

Before 20-30 cm  The visibility will diminish because of the ash-covered veil.

Tokyo - the largest city in the world - will fit in the caldera formed after the explosion of the Yellowstone volcano.

1200 km  - the radius of total destruction of all living things in the first minutes after the eruption began.

1000 atomic bombs,exploded at the same time - this is the power of the eruption of the Yellowstone volcano.

1 out of 1000 earthlings  remains alive after the Yellowstone catastrophe.

OPINION EXPERT

Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, leading researcher of IGEM RAS Anatoly Khrenov shared his opinion:

Any volcano is unpredictable, and when one expects an eruption and what strength, no scientist and no seismograph can accurately predict. So the consequences of the explosion can repeatedly exceed the expected effect. The Yellowstone giant will make trouble. First of all, the eruption of the volcano will be covered by the States, on whose territory the Yellowstone Park is located - Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. Power plants and other life-support systems can go out of operation - the north-west of the United States will be isolated due to a failure in transport communications. And this is at best. At worst, the scale of the disaster is even hard to imagine ... Superintendence in Yellowstone will affect almost the entire territory of the United States. The first zone adjacent to the volcano will suffer from pyroclastic flows. This avalanche, consisting of hot gas and ash, propagating at the speed of sound, will destroy all life within a radius of 100 km. 10 thousand square meters. km will turn into scorched earth. No one will survive in the pyroclastic zone. The next zone is all the USA, whose territory will be covered with ashes. People can not breathe. With an ash layer of 15 cm, the load on the roofs will be so strong that the buildings will begin to fold like a house of cards. Hundreds of thousands of people will die either from suffocation or the collapse of buildings. Within a few days, ashes will spread throughout the United States and capture even Europe.

.

Publications on the topic