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Maryland is one of the smallest states in the federation. Geographically, its territory includes the District of Columbia and the city of Washington. One of Maryland's unofficial nicknames is the "Free State". The fact that it rightfully bears such a proud name can be recognized by looking at historical documents.

History of Maryland

Exploration of the lands south of the Potomac began in the 20s of the 16th century, when French and Spanish expeditions visited the area. But the British began settling the territory only in the first half of the 17th century. The Irish Calvert family received a monopoly on the development of the region, and in 1634 the British town of St. Mary arose, named after Queen Henrietta Maria of England. Hence the place name for the entire district - Maryland. However, 60 years later the capital was moved to Annapolis, which received its name as a sign of devotion to another queen - Anne Stewart.

In 1749, the district administration adopted a fateful resolution - the first American law on tolerance towards non-believers, which received historical science title "Maryland Toleration Act".
In 1776, Maryland officially declared its secession from the British crown and proclaimed its own Constitution. It later became one of the 13 European colonies that participated in the Revolutionary War. In 1788, it entered the US federation as its seventh state.

However, Maryland was awarded the honorary name of the Free State in the 20s of the last century, categorically boycotting the prohibition law adopted in the country.

Maryland State Flag

Population of Maryland

Despite its modest size, Maryland ranks 19th among other states in terms of population. Almost 6,000,000 people live here, 620,000 of which are in the largest city, Baltimore. The state capital, which is still Annapolis, has 40,000 residents.

In terms of population, the white race leads in Maryland. There are 58% of them here. African Americans make up 29.5%. The number of representatives of indigenous peoples, including the combined Indians, Eskimos and Hawaiians, barely reaches half of one percent. More than 80% of the state's population professes Christianity, mostly Protestants and Catholics.

Maryland Landmarks

Speaking about the legendary Capitol Hill, which can be considered one of the main attractions of the country, we must remember that it belongs to the state only geographically, and not administratively. Therefore it cannot be included in the list interesting places Maryland, but definitely worth a visit.

We will list other, less significant, but also interesting objects.

  • The National Aquarium, located in Baltimore, is visited by more than one and a half million people annually. Inside this building there is almost 8,500 tons of water and 17,000 representatives of marine flora and fauna.
  • The first railroad in the United States was built from Baltimore to Ohio. The history of this line is dedicated to the B&O Railroad Museum, which offers many displays, exhibitions, children's programs and even rides on a vintage train.
  • Historical sights of Baltimore include Fort McHenry, built by British colonialists. This fortification, used during the Anglo-American War, is one of the symbols of the heroic struggle for American independence.
  • Among the state's natural attractions, it is worth noting the picturesque Deep Creek Lake in the suburbs of McHenry. This is the territory of the reserve, where many tourist resorts and hotels are located.

Economy of Maryland

The US government is a very large employer and creates many jobs, so it is not surprising that Maryland is one of the most prosperous states. In terms of average family income, it ranks first in the country.

The state is not rich in mineral resources, apart from small amounts of coal. But, thanks to its location on the East Coast of the Atlantic, it is the center of transport hubs - both water and land.

Despite the fact that there is little agricultural land in Maryland, and industrial enterprises can be counted on one hand, one of the most developed sectors of the economy here is fishing.
On high level The state is represented by science, education, culture and tourism.

State of Maryland

The state of Maryland is bordered to the north by Pennsylvania, to the east is Delaware and Atlantic Ocean, to the south and southwest of it lies Virginia, and Northern part the western border separates it from West Virginia. One of the oldest British colonies, founded in 1634, Maryland became the 7th US state on April 28, 1788. You have already become acquainted with the history of this colony and the origin of its name in the chapter “English Settlers in America.” The most dramatic period in the state's recent history was the Civil War. Maryland was a slave state, and by the early 1860s whites owned 14,000 blacks there. The state's slaveholders supported the position of the southern states, many were in favor of Maryland joining the Confederacy, but many more opposed the use of force against the slave states. Northern troops passing through Maryland were attacked by crowds of the local population. To curb the Marylanders, President Lincoln was forced to introduce military rule in the state. In May 1861, the US Army occupied Baltimore, ensuring the victory of the Republican candidate in the next gubernatorial election. It was not possible to protect the state from hostilities, and several major battles took place on its territory. At the same time, Marylanders fought both on the side of the North and on the side of the South. However, in 1864, the new state government abolished slavery there. Maryland was the first state to do so voluntarily.

Maryland lies on the eastern and western shores of the Chesapeake Bay of the Atlantic Ocean, which cuts deep into the mainland. East End The state is located on the Delmarva Peninsula, which it shares with Delaware. Along the Atlantic coast of the state there are sandy beaches, shallow lagoons, and salt marshes. Parallel to the coast stretches a chain of small islands that Maryland shares with Virginia. Sea waves constantly destroy these islands, change their outlines, erase them from the face of the earth, while simultaneously creating new ones. On such islands, Marylanders built the unique city of Ocean City, but they have to constantly take care that it is not swallowed up by sea water.

Most of the state is located on the Atlantic lowland, and only in the west do the hills begin to rise, turning into the spurs of the Blue Ridge range of the Appalachian Mountains. This region has the most high point state - the top of Mount Backbone (1025 meters). The state's territory is 25,618 square kilometers, but it is home to more than 5 million people, with more than 80 percent of the population living in cities, more than two-thirds are white, and black Americans account for about 25 percent of the state's total population.

The main rivers of the state are the Potomac and Patapsco, in the estuary of which lies the largest city of the state and its Spiritual capital, Baltimore, the 14th largest city in the United States, whose population, together with the surrounding area, exceeds 2.4 million people. Founded in 1634, Baltimore is a modern, bustling city, a large industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center. Among him educational institutions- Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876, is one of the twenty most prestigious universities in the country. This university is famous primarily for its medical faculty. Baltimore's Johns Hopkins Hospital is considered one of the main medical research centers in the United States. Together with graduates of Johns Hopkins University, specialists from different countries peace. The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra is one of America's best musical ensembles. In 1868, the Peabody Conservatory opened in the city.

The capital of Maryland is Annapolis. It is also one of the oldest American cities, having become the capital of Maryland back in 1694. One of the main attractions in Annapolis is the United States Naval Academy.

Despite the proximity of the ocean, winters in Maryland can be cool, and in the mountainous areas frosts of 20 degrees can occur. But in summer it is hot, during the day the temperature significantly exceeds 30 degrees, and the air is saturated with moisture. At the same time, such a climate is favorable for agriculture. Currently, agricultural products provide only one percent of the value gross product state, although early in Maryland's history welfare local residents depended entirely on tobacco harvests. It is still grown in the south of the state, but in small quantities. Modern farmers prefer to engage in cattle breeding and poultry farming; in the east of the state they grow vegetables, melons, and strawberries; orchards predominate in the western regions. The fishing industry generates significant income. The abundance of agricultural and marine products has caused the growth of enterprises Food Industry throughout the state.

Although a third of Maryland is still covered by forests, the forest industry is very poorly represented in the state. It should also be noted that Maryland does not boast a variety of mineral resources. Only building stone, gravel and sand are mined here and used for local needs.

Since the end of the 19th century, industrial production began to bring more income to Maryland than Agriculture. The state's main industrial enterprises are concentrated in the area of ​​Baltimore, Cambridge, Salisbury and Cumberland. There are metallurgical and metalworking plants in the state, but they operate on imported primary or secondary raw materials. Ore is delivered here not only from other states, but also from abroad, for example from Canada, Venezuela and Bolivia. Shipbuilding is well developed, the center of which is Sparrows Point. Fishing trawlers and small pleasure craft are built in Maryland. Automobiles are also produced in the state, in particular heavy trucks are produced in Hagerstown.

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State of Nebraska The state of Nebraska is almost equally distant from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In the north it borders with South Dakota, in the west with Wyoming and Colorado, in the south with Kansas, and to the east of it, across the Missouri River, lies Iowa and Missouri. State name

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State of Delaware The state of Delaware, one of the oldest states in the United States and the first to ratify the Constitution of the OPTA on December 7, 1787, is located in the northeast of the Delmarva Peninsula, washed by the waters of the Chesapeake Bay of the Atlantic Ocean. The state got its name in honor of

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State of Florida The history of the discovery and the origin of the name of the peninsula and the state of Florida located on it is already known to the reader. However, the state of Florida owns not only the peninsula of the same name, but also a small strip of land on the mainland of the Mexican coast

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State of Tennessee Tennessee lies west of North Carolina, bordered to the north by Virginia and Kentucky, to the west by Missouri and Arkansas, and to the south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. The area of ​​the state is 109.2 thousand square kilometers. Natural oriental

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Small in area, one of the most extreme in geographical location, the progenitor of rebels and revolutionaries... All this is about the state of Maryland. Having a small territory and ranking 42nd in this indicator, the state has gained great fame and popularity.

Story

The history of the development of the future state of Maryland began at the beginning of the 16th century (1524), when a European first set foot on this territory. These lands, located on the Atlantic coast, were explored first by the French, then by the Spaniards, and completed by the British.

It was the British who subsequently occupied Maryland, making it one of their colonies. And it was the inhabitants of these territories who were among the first to declare that they no longer obey the king of England and adopted their own constitution, committing a real revolution. This happened in 1766, and two years later, on April 28, Maryland officially accepted statehood, becoming the 7th in the United States.

Today, despite its small area of ​​32 thousand km 2, the state of Maryland is very densely populated. Over 5.5 million inhabitants live here (19th place).

The largest cities are Baltimore and Silver Spring. The capital of Maryland is Annapolis (named after Anne Stewart).

Features of geography, relief and climate

The state of Maryland is distinguished by its extreme, northeastern position. It is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and Chesalik Bay. The state includes several peninsulas, over 21% of the territory is water.

The relief is predominantly flat, low in places, with ridges and plateaus. Maryland is rich in waterfalls that form the “Line of Falls.”

The formation of the local climate is significantly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean with its currents. The state has very high humidity and average annual temperatures.

In summer, the thermometer reaches 25-30°C, in winter it drops to 0°C. For winter months Freezing rain is also common.

Population

The capital of Maryland is Annapolis.

The majority of Maryland's population is white and of various ethnicities. These are descendants of Germans, Irish, British and Italians. About 30% of the population is African American.

Such a large percentage is explained by the state’s border position between the former slave-owning South and the free North. Asians occupy about 4.5%, most of them are Koreans.

Maryland is home to the largest Korean community in the United States. The dominant religion is Christianity. It is preached by about 82% of residents.

Economy

Agriculture and mining are poorly developed in Maryland. Tobacco is produced here, coal and sand are mined in small quantities, but the state has nothing else to boast of in this area. But in the service sector and information technologies he occupies a leading position.

Maryland is home to several major ports and has good transport links to the north, south and capital of the United States. Construction and tourism are also highly developed.

Interestingly, Maryland is home to several very large organizations' headquarters. The National Security Agency and NASA are based here. They have their own representative offices of the Commission for the Control and Safety of Medicines and Food.

Education

The largest university in the state of Maryland is (College Park). It should not be confused with the university of the same name, located in Baltimore.

Students are trained here in 127 different specialties. The humanities are the most developed, but colleges of exact (engineering, mathematics and programming) and natural (chemistry, biology, medicine) sciences have a very good educational level.

Also very famous Johns Hopkins University. It ranks 17th among all universities in the world (according to 2013 data).

Has a research orientation. During his work, he produced many Nobel Prize laureates in various fields.

Sights and interesting places

The state of Maryland is very interesting from a tourist point of view. Large resorts are located here and there are many historical and architectural attractions.

Beach lovers can go to Ocean City, one of the largest resorts in the country. In addition to a clean sandy beach and warm ocean water, it offers a large number of cafes, restaurants, souvenir shops and attractions.

Ocean City

Cultural lovers will also enjoy visiting Maryland. will surprise you with its collection of fish (more than 10 thousand species!) and exciting shows with good-natured dolphins.

In Inner Harbor you can see the flotillas of ships and vessels that are the real pride of the United States.

Inner Harbor, Baltimore

In the capital of Maryland you can visit Military Academy and architectural structures of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Nature lovers can take a walk along the ocean or bay coast. Enjoy the beauty of the forests, which have won the reputation of being the most environmentally friendly in the whole country. Look at the majestic waterfalls and try out various types of water tourism.

And finally, everyone will be able to stand on the famous Mason-Dixon Line. At one time, it divided two states, between which there were constant disputes over land, and later became a symbolic border between the slave-owning South and the free North.

Mason-Dixon Line

Watch a film about Maryland:

Maryland State Map:

Maryland (English: Maryland [ˈmɛrələnd]) is a small state in the eastern United States, one of the so-called Mid-Atlantic states and one of the 13 states that carried out the American Revolution. Population - 5.296 million people (19th place among states; data 2000). The capital is Annapolis (Maryland), the largest city is Baltimore.

Official name: State of Maryland

Capital of Maryland: Annapolis

Largest city: Baltimore

Other major cities: Aberdeen, Buie, College Park, Cumberland, Frederick, Gaithersburg, Greenbelt, Hagerstown, Laurel, Rockville, Salisbury, Takoma Park, Westminster, Ocean City.

State nicknames: Old Frontier State, Cockade State, Free State.

State Motto: Men's deeds, women's words

Maryland Zip Code: M.D.

State formation date: 1788 (7th in order)

Area: 32 thousand sq. km. (42nd place in the country.)

Population: more than 5 million people (19th place in the country).

In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazano visited the east coast of North America at the head of a French expedition. In 1526, the Spanish arrived in the Chesapeake Bay.

The first Englishman to explore this area was Captain John Smith from Virginia in 1608. In 1631, William Clairborne founded the first trading settlement here.

In 1632, Charles I granted George Calvert, the Irish baron Baltimore, a patent to settle the lands between the 40th parallel and the south bank of the Potomac - the future province of Maryland. That same year the baron died and the land passed to his son, Celicius Calvert. On March 25, 1634, English colonists founded the settlement of St. Mary here, named after the patron saint of Queen Henrietta Maria.

In 1649, the colonial legislature passed America's first law proclaiming freedom of religion, the Maryland Toleration Act. From 1692 to 1715, Maryland was governed by royal governors. In 1694, the provincial capital was moved to Providence, which was renamed Annapolis in 1708 in honor of Queen Anne Stuart.

In 1715, the province again came under the control of the Calverts. To settle territorial disputes between Maryland and Pennsylvania, the colonial rulers, Calvert and Penn, appointed two officials, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, who drew the border between the colonies. Since then, the Mason-Dixon Line has been considered the de facto border between the southern and northern states of the United States.

In 1765, Maryland citizens opposed the Stamp Act. On July 3, 1776, Maryland announced that it was no longer subject to the king, and four months later it became the first of the colonies to adopt its own constitution as a state. Although there was no fighting in the state, Maryland soldiers actively participated in the Revolutionary War.

On April 28, 1788, Maryland became the seventh US state. In 1791, the state government allocated land to the federal government to create the District of Columbia metropolitan area and the city of Washington.

During the War of 1812-1814, the British attempted to capture Baltimore and bombarded Fort McHenry, which defended the city. It was then that Francis Scott Key wrote the poem “The Star-Spangled Banner,” which became the words of the US national anthem.

During the Civil War, Marylanders were divided. After Virginia seceded from the Union, President Lincoln imposed military rule on Maryland to prevent the state near Washington from secession. Bloody battles took place in the state (Battle of South Mountain, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Hapers Ferry and Battle of Monocacy).

Geography and climate of Maryland

The area of ​​Maryland is 32.16 thousand km² (42nd place among states), of which about 21% is water. The state is located on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay. Its territory is divided into the East Bank (on the Delmarva Peninsula) and the West Bank. To the north, Maryland borders Pennsylvania along the Mason-Dixon Line; in the northeast - with Delaware, in the south and west - with Virginia and West Virginia (the border runs along the Potomac, as well as with the capital District of Columbia. In the east, the territory is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

The eastern regions of Maryland make up the Coastal Lowlands, with the so-called “Line of Falls” located to the west. The climate is temperate and humid.

Economy of Maryland

According to the Bureau economic analysis, Maryland's GDP in 2005 was $246 billion (15th among states). To a huge extent, the modern economy of Maryland depends on the service sector, transport, construction and information technology (affected by its proximity to the state capital and the presence of large seaports. In addition, many federal organizations are headquartered in Maryland, in particular NASA, the National Security Agency (NSA), Consumer Product Safety Commission, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), etc.

The state has significant coal reserves, but its production has fallen significantly since the beginning of the 20th century. There are enterprises for the extraction of stone and sand. Agriculture, in particular tobacco growing, is developed.

In the eastern part of the United States, along the coast of the Chesapeake Bay, lies the state of Maryland with the main city of Annapolis.

Most of the state's territory is occupied by water. The east coast is located on the Delmarva Peninsula. To the west, the Blue Ridge mountain ranges stretch in a long ridge. At their foot lies the huge Piedmont plateau. Moving west, you can see how endless plains turn into dense mixed forests. There are several picturesque waterfalls here.

Maryland has a temperate, humid climate. Today, Maryland is a major tourist, resort, historical, industrial and cultural region of the United States.

State History

At the beginning of the 16th century, the first Europeans landed on the coast of modern Maryland. These were French explorers led by Giovanni da Verrazano.

Two years later, the Spaniards appeared here, and at the beginning of the 17th century, the British also began exploring the uninhabited lands of Maryland.

Soon the first European settlement was built on the territory of the state, whose inhabitants conducted active trade with the Indians.

In 1632, the British king Charles I decided to sell part of the territory to Baron Baltimore. But the baron died suddenly, and the purchased lands passed to his son Calvert.

For centuries, Maryland residents defended their rights and fought for freedom and independence.

For example, in 1649 they defended the law on freedom of religion. And in 1765 they vehemently opposed stamp taxes.

In 1776, the inhabitants of the colony declared their independence from Britain and adopted their own constitution. Although fighting did not affect the territory of Maryland in any way; its residents took an active part in the struggle for freedom.

In 1788, the province of Maryland was granted statehood. A few years later, a civil war broke out. Residents of the state found themselves on opposite sides of the barricades. Some wanted freedom from the United States, others advocated annexation. As a result, US President Lincoln had to send troops into the state to prevent it from seceding. In the years civil war Several brutal bloody battles took place here.

State attractions

Connoisseurs of ecotourism will enjoy a visit to Fort Carroll Island, nestled in a bay of the Chesapeake Bay. This is a beautiful artificial island created in the mid-19th century. During World War II, a large military training ground was located on its territory. Nearby there was a special point for passing ships.

After the war, the island fell into disrepair. Today it has turned into a big one nature reserve, whose territory is home to a huge variety of birds. In the near future, the Americans plan to cultivate the reserve and create a natural park on its territory.

History buffs simply need to visit National Harbor and see the unique sculpture with beautiful name"Awakening". In the center of the sculptural composition is a huge giant who has awakened after a long sleep. He fights fiercely for freedom, trying to get out from under a pile of heavy stones.

A favorite location for many filmmakers is the old abandoned Westport Power Plant. It is a gloomy gray building, frightening with its creaky doors and windows yellowed from time to time.

It is known that the science fiction film “12 Monkeys” by Terry Gilliam was filmed on the territory of the power plant.

When you come to Maryland, you simply need to visit Annapolis. On its territory there are many ancient buildings and museums. The visiting card of the city is its Maritime Academy.

Walking along the boardwalk, you can admire the picturesque natural landscapes overlooking the Chesapeake Bay.

The city of Baltimore is very popular among tourists. Taking a tour through its ancient winding streets, tourists will be able to visit historical Museum or an art gallery, relax at a table in a cozy cafe or restaurant, or stroll through the numerous shops. But the main city attraction is Inner Harbor. A huge number of large and small ships are moored off its shores.

An atmosphere of celebration and fun reigns in “Little Italy,” as Baltimoreans call the small Italian district of the city. Here is located big number Italian restaurants and cafes.

Recreation and entertainment

Beach lovers simply need to visit the small resort town of Ocean City.

The city has several wonderful golden beaches. Tourists have the opportunity to go scuba diving, surfing, windsurfing, and yachting. Ocean City provides excellent golf and tennis facilities. There are family and children's parks throughout the city. Numerous restaurants and cafes await their visitors.

Winter sports lovers should go to ski resort Maryland - Whitetail. Here you can go skiing or snowboarding, try your hand at figure skating and hockey, or simply enjoy the magnificent natural scenery, breathe in the mountain air and take a break from the bustle and noise of the city.

Maryland's most hospitable resort is Clear Spring Ski Resort. The resort hosts a lot of festivals and celebrations every year. And extreme sports enthusiasts will be able to go snowboarding or alpine skiing.

Maryland has some pretty bizarre laws:

  • It is prohibited to grow thistles in vegetable gardens or orchards.
  • Maryland women are not allowed to go through their husband's pockets.
  • It is illegal to kiss for more than 1 second on the streets of Maryland.
  • It is prohibited to walk in city parks wearing sleeveless clothing.


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