Family tree of the princes of ancient Rus'. History of Rus'

The Norman or Varangian theory, which reveals aspects of the formation of statehood in Rus', is based on one simple thesis - the calling of the Varangian prince Rurik by the Novgorodians to govern and protect large territory tribal union of the Ilmen Slovenians. Thus, the answer to the question of what event is associated with the emergence of the dynasty is quite clear.

This thesis is present in the ancient one, written by Nestor. IN present moment it is controversial, but one fact is still indisputable - Rurik became the founder of a whole dynasties of sovereigns who ruled not only in Kyiv, but also in other cities of the Russian land, including Moscow, and that is why the dynasty of rulers of Rus' was called Rurikovich.

History of the dynasty: the beginning

The genealogy is quite complex, it is not so easy to understand it, but the beginning of the Rurik dynasty is very easy to trace.

Rurik

Rurik became the first prince in his dynasty. Its origin is a highly controversial issue. Some historians suggest that he was from a noble Varangian-Scandinavian family.

Rurik's ancestors came from the trading Hedeby (Scandinavia) and were related to Ragnar Lothbrok himself. Other historians, distinguishing between the concepts of “Norman” and “Varangian”, believe that Rurik was Slavic family, perhaps he was related to the Novgorod prince Gostomysl (it is believed that Gostomysl was his grandfather), and lived with his family on the island of Rügen for a long time.

Most likely, he was a jarl, that is, he had a military squad and kept boats, engaging in trade and sea robbery. But precisely with his calling first to Staraya Ladoga, and then to Novgorod the beginning of the dynasty is connected.

Rurik was called to Novgorod in 862 (when he began to rule exactly, of course, is unknown; historians rely on data from the PVL). The chronicler claims that he came not alone, but with two brothers - Sinius and Truvor (traditional Varangian names or nicknames). Rurik settled in Staraya Ladoga, Sinius in Beloozero, and Truvor in Izborsk. I wonder what any other mentions there is no mention of brothers in PVL. The beginning of the dynasty is not associated with them.

Oleg and Igor

Rurik died in 879, leaving young son Igor(or Ingvar, according to the Scandinavian tradition). A warrior, and possibly a relative of Rurik, Oleg (Helg) was supposed to rule on behalf of his son until he came of age.

Attention! There is a version that Oleg ruled not just as a relative or confidant, but as an elected jarl, that is, he had all the political rights to power according to Scandinavian and Varangian laws. The fact that he transferred power to Igor could indeed mean that he was his close relative, perhaps a nephew, his sister’s son (according to Scandinavian tradition, an uncle is closer than his own father; boys in Scandinavian families were given to be raised by their maternal uncle).

How many years did Oleg reign?? He successfully ruled the young state until 912. It is he who is credited with the complete conquest of the route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” and the capture of Kyiv, then his place was taken by Igor (already as the ruler of Kiev), by that time married to a girl from Polotsk (according to one version) - Olga.

Olga and Svyatoslav

Igor's reign can't be called successful. He was killed by the Drevlyans in 945 during an attempt to take double tribute from their capital, Iskorosten. Since Igor’s only son, Svyatoslav, was still small, the throne in Kyiv was general decision The boyars and squads were occupied by his widow Olga.

Svyatoslav ascended the Kyiv throne in 957. He was a warrior prince and never stayed long in his capital rapidly growing state. During his lifetime, he divided the lands of Rus' between his three sons: Vladimir, Yaropolk and Oleg. He gave Novgorod the Great as his inheritance to Vladimir (illegitimate son). Oleg (the younger) was imprisoned in Iskorosten, and the elder Yaropolk was left in Kyiv.

Attention! Historians know the name of Vladimir’s mother; it is also known that she was a whitewashed servant, that is, she could not become the ruler’s wife. Perhaps Vladimir was the eldest son of Svyatoslav, his first-born. That is why he was recognized as the father. Yaropolk and Oleg were born from Svyatoslav's legal wife, possibly a Bulgarian princess, but they were younger than Vladimir in age. All this subsequently influenced the relations between the brothers and led to the first princely feud in Rus'.

Yaropolk and Vladimir

Svyatoslav died in 972 on the island of Khortitsa(Dnieper rapids). After his death, the Kyiv throne was occupied by Yaropolk for several years. A war for power in the state began between him and his brother Vladimir, ending with the murder of Yaropolk and the victory of Vladimir, who ultimately became the next prince of Kyiv. Vladimir ruled from 980 to 1015. His main merit is baptism of Rus' and the Russian people into the Orthodox faith.

Yaroslav and his sons

An internecine war broke out between Vladimir’s sons immediately after his death, as a result of which one of Vladimir’s eldest sons from the Polotsk princess Ragneda, Yaroslav, took the throne.

Important! In 1015, the Kiev throne was occupied by Svyatopolk (later nicknamed the Accursed). He was not Vladimir’s own son. His father was Yaropolk, after whose death Vladimir took his wife as his wife, and recognized the born child as his first-born.

Yaroslav reigned until 1054. After his death, the right of ladder came into force - the transfer of the Kyiv throne and the “junior” in seniority in the Rurikovich family.

The Kiev throne was occupied by the eldest son of Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Chernigov (the next “seniority” throne) - Oleg, Pereyaslavsky - youngest son Yaroslav Vsevolod.

For a long time, the sons of Yaroslav lived peacefully, observing the behests of their father, but, ultimately, the struggle for power entered an active phase and Rus' entered the era of Feudal fragmentation.

Pedigree of the Rurikovichs. The first Kyiv princes (table or Rurik dynasty diagram with dates, by generation)

Generation	Prince's name	Years of reign
I generation	Rurik	862-879 (Novgorod reign)
	Oleg (Prophetic)	879 – 912 (Novgorod and Kiev reigns)
II	Igor Rurikovich	912-945 (Kiev reign)
	Olga	945-957
III	Svyatoslav Igorevich	957-972
IV	Yaropolk Svyatoslavich	972-980
	Oleg Svyatoslavich	Prince-governor in Iskorosten, died in 977
	Vladimir Svyatoslavich (Saint)	980-1015
V	Svyatopolk Yaropolkovich (stepson of Vladimir) Damned	1015-1019
	Yaroslav Vladimirovich (Wise)	1019-1054
VI	Izyaslav Yaroslavovich	1054-1073; 1076-1078 (Kiev reign)
	Svyatoslav Yaroslavovich (Chernigovsky)	1073-1076 (Kiev reign)
	Vsevolod Yaroslavovich (Pereyaslavsky)	1078-1093 (Kiev reign)

Genealogy of the Rurikovichs of the period of feudal fragmentation

Tracing the dynastic line of the Rurikovich family during the period of Feudal fragmentation is incredibly difficult, since the ruling princely the genus has grown to its maximum. The main branches of the clan at the first stage of feudal fragmentation can be considered the Chernigov and Pereyaslav lines, as well as the Galician line, which needs to be discussed separately. The Galician princely house originates from the eldest son of Yaroslav the Wise, Vladimir, who died during his father’s lifetime, and whose heirs received Galich as an inheritance.

It is important to note that all representatives of the clan sought to occupy the Kiev throne, since in this case they were considered the rulers of the entire state.

Galician heirs

Chernigov house

Pereyaslavsky house

With the Pereyaslav House, which was nominally considered the youngest, everything is much more complicated. It was the descendants of Vsevolod Yaroslavovich who gave rise to the Vladimir-Suzdal and Moscow Rurikovichs. The main representatives of this house were:

• Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh) - was the prince of Kyiv in 1113-1125 (VII generation);
• Mstislav (the Great) - the eldest son of Monomakh, was the prince of Kyiv in 1125-1132 (VIII generation);
• Yuri (Dolgoruky) - the youngest son of Monomakh, became the ruler of Kyiv several times, the last in 1155-1157 (VIII generation).

Mstislav Vladimirovich gave rise to the Volyn House of Rurikovich, and Yuri Vladimirovich - to the Vladimir-Suzdal House.

Volyn House

Pedigree of the Rurikovichs: Vladimir-Suzdal House

The Vladimir-Suzdal house became the main one in Rus' after the death of Mstislav the Great. The princes who made first Suzdal and then Vladimir-on-Klyazma their capital, played a key role in the political history of the period of the Horde invasion.

Important! Daniil Galitsky and Alexander Nevsky are known not only as contemporaries, but also as rivals for the grand ducal label, and they also had a fundamentally different approach to faith - Alexander adhered to Orthodoxy, and Daniil accepted Catholicism in exchange for the opportunity to receive the title of King of Kyiv.

Pedigree of the Rurikovichs: Moscow House

In the final period of Feudal fragmentation, the House of Rurikovich numbered more than 2000 members (princes and younger princely families). Gradually, the leading position was taken by the Moscow House, which traces its pedigree to the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, Daniil Alexandrovich.

Gradually, the Moscow house from grand ducal transformed into royal. Why did this happen? Including thanks to dynastic marriages, as well as successful internal and foreign policy individual representatives of the House. The Moscow Rurikovichs did a gigantic job of “gathering” the lands around Moscow and overthrowing the Tatar-Mongol Yoke.

Moscow Ruriks (diagram with dates of reign)

Generation (from Rurik in the direct male line)	Prince's name	Years of reign	Significant marriages
XI generation	Alexander Yaroslavovich (Nevsky)	Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke according to the Horde label from 1246 to 1263	_____
XII	Daniil Alexandrovich Moskovsky	1276-1303 (Moscow reign)	_____
XIII	Yuri Daniilovich	1317-1322 (Moscow reign)
	Ivan I Daniilovich (Kalita)	1328-1340 (Great Vladimir and Moscow reigns)	_____
XIV	Semyon Ivanovich (Proud)	1340-1353 (Moscow and Great Vladimir reign)
	Ivan II Ivanovich (Red)	1353-1359 (Moscow and Great Vladimir reign)
XV	Dmitry Ivanovich (Donskoy)	1359-1389 (Moscow reign, and from 1363 to 1389 – Great Vladimir reign)	Evdokia Dmitrievna, the only daughter of Dmitry Konstantinovich (Rurikovich), Prince of Suzdal - Nizhny Novgorod; annexation of all territories of the Principality of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod to the Moscow Principality
XVI	Vasily I Dmitrievich	1389-1425	Sofya Vitovtovna, Daughter of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt (complete reconciliation of the Lithuanian princes with the ruling Moscow house)
XVII	Vasily II Vasilievich (Dark)	1425-1462	_____
XVIII	Ivan III Vasilievich	1462 – 1505	In his second marriage to Sophia Paleologus (niece of the last Byzantine emperor); nominal right: to be considered the successor of the imperial Byzantine crown and Caesar (king)
XIX	Vasily III Vasilievich	1505-1533	In his second marriage to Elena Glinskaya, a representative of a wealthy Lithuanian family, descended from the Serbian rulers and Mamai (according to legend)
XX		1533-1584	The first and most significant marriage is Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyeva-Yuryeva (the aunt of the first tsar from the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov)
XXI	Fedor Ioannovich	1584 — 1598

Fedr Ioannovich is the last king from the Rurik family (Ivan Kalita Dynasty). The Rurik dynasty was interrupted due to a combination of fatal circumstances: the death of the eldest son of Ivan the Terrible, and the possible murder of his youngest son Dmitry Ugliche by Boris Godunov.

Genealogy of the Rurikovichs - Rurikovichs of later times

In addition to the above-mentioned princely line to the House of Rurik they have direct relation the following princely later births:

• princely family of the Dolgorukys (from the Moscow Rurikovichs)
• the princely family of the Gorchakovs (from Chernigov);
• the princely family of the Baryatinskys (from the Zvenigorodskys);
• the princely family of the Volkonskys and Obolenskys (from the Tarusskys);
• the princely house of the Romodanovskys (from the Staradubskys).

Attention! The military leader of the Second Zemsky Militia of 1613 is also a direct descendant of Rurik. It comes from the Starodub branch.

House of Rurikovich, history, dates of reign

Reign of the Rurik dynasty

Conclusion

The Rurikovich family is huge. Research and study of it is still ongoing. It is quite obvious and acceptable that the descendants of Rurik in the direct male line still live in our time.

The legends associated with his name and the names of his followers date back to the ninth century and last for seven long centuries. Our article today will examine the Rurik dynasty - its family tree with photos and years of reign.

Where did the old family come from?

The existence of the commander himself and his wife Efanda is still questioned by most scientists. But some researchers of the origins of Rus' claim that the future governor was born between 806 and 808 in the city of Raroga. His name, according to several versions, has Slavic roots and means “falcon”.

When Rurik was still a baby, the possessions of his father Godolub were attacked by the Danes, led by Gottfried. The future founder of the royal family turned out to be half orphan and spent his entire childhood in a foreign land with his mother. At the age of 20, he arrived at the court of the Frankish king and received his father's lands from him as a vassal.

Then he was deprived of all land plots and sent to fight in a squad that helped the Frankish king seize new lands.

According to legend, his grandfather, the Novgorod prince Gostomysl, saw the dynastic diagram of the complete family tree of the Rurik family with dates and years of reign in a dream. The theory about the foreign origin of the entire royal family was refuted by Mikhail Lomonosov. By blood, the future Novgorod ruler belonged to the Slavs and was invited to his native lands at a fairly respectable age - he was 52 years old.

Second generation of rulers

After Rurik's death in 879, his son Igor came to power. The situation was complicated by the fact that he was still too young to become the ruler of Rus'. Oleg, Igor’s uncle, was appointed his guardian. He was able to establish relations with the Byzantine Empire and called Kyiv “the mother of Russian cities.” After Oleg's death, Igor came to power in Kyiv. He also managed to do a lot for the benefit of the Russian lands.

But during his reign there were also unsuccessful military campaigns. The most famous of them is the attack on Constantinople from the sea. Having encountered the famous “Greek fire” as the first of the rulers of Rus', Igor realized that he had underestimated the enemy and was forced to turn the ships back.

The prince died unexpectedly - having fought against enemy troops all his life, he died at the hands of his own people - the Drevlyans. Igor's wife, Princess Olga, brutally avenged her husband and burned the city, turning it into ashes.

Having besieged the Drevlyans, the princess ordered them to send her three doves and three sparrows from each house. When her wish was fulfilled, she ordered her warriors to tie tinder to their paws and set it on fire as soon as dusk came. The warriors carried out the princess's order and sent the birds back. So the city of Iskorosten was completely burned.

Igor left two sons - Gleb and Svyatoslav. Since the heirs to the princely throne were still small, Olga began to lead the Russian lands. When Svyatoslav, Igor’s eldest child, grew up and took the throne, Princess Olga still continued to rule in Rus', since the descendant spent most of his life on military campaigns. In one of them he was killed. Svyatoslav wrote his name in history as a great conqueror.

Scheme of the pedigree chronological tree of the Rurikovich family: Oleg, Vladimir and Yaropolk

In Kyiv, after the death of Svyatoslav, Yaropolk ascended the throne. He began to openly quarrel with his brother Oleg. Finally, Yaropolk managed to kill his own brother in battle and lead Kyiv. During the battle with his brother, Oleg fell into a ditch and was trampled by horses. But the fratricide did not remain in power for long and was overthrown from the Kyiv throne by Vladimir.

The history of the genealogy of this prince is extremely interesting: being illegitimate, according to pagan laws, he could still lead Rus'.

Having learned that one brother had killed the other, the future Kiev ruler gathered his army with the help of his uncle and teacher Dobrynya. Having conquered Polotsk, he decided to marry Rogneda, the bride of Yaropolk. The girl did not want to tie the knot with a “rootless” person, which greatly offended the baptist of Rus'. He took her as his wife by force, and then killed her entire family in front of the future bride.

Next, he sent an army to Kyiv, but decided not to fight directly, but to resort to cunning. Having lured his brother into supposedly peaceful negotiations, Vladimir set a trap for him and, with the help of his warriors, stabbed him to death with swords. So all power over Russia was concentrated in the hands of the bloody prince. Despite such a cruel past, the Kiev ruler was able to baptize Rus' and spread Christianity throughout all the pagan lands under his control.

Rurikovich: tree of the royal dynasty with dates and surnames - Yaroslav the Wise

After the passing of the baptist of Rus', disputes and civil strife began again in the large family. This time, 4 brothers wanted to lead the Kyiv throne at once. Having killed his relatives, Svyatopolk the Accursed, the son of Vladimir and his Greek concubine, began to lead the capital. But the Accursed One did not manage to stand at the helm of power for long - he was removed by Yaroslav the Wise. Having won the battle on the Alta River, Yaroslav ascended the princely throne, and declared Svyatopolk a traitor to the family line.

Yaroslav the Wise decided to radically change the style of government. He became related to the European royal family by marrying the Swedish princess Ingigerda. His children were related by marriage to the Greek and Polish heirs to the throne, his daughters became queens of France and Sweden. Before his death in 1054, Yaroslav the Wise honestly divided the lands between his heirs and bequeathed to them not to wage internecine wars.

The most important figures in the political arena of that time were his three sons:

• Izyaslav (ruler of Kyiv and Novgorod).
• Vsevolod (Prince of Rostov and Pereyaslavl).
• Svyatoslav (ruled in Chernigov and Murom).

As a result of their unification, a triumvirate was formed, and the three brothers began to reign in their lands. To increase their authority, they entered into many royal marriages and encouraged families created with noble foreigners and foreigners.
Rurik dynasty - complete family tree with years of reign and with photos: the largest branches

It is impossible to talk about any former unity of the family: the branches of the princely family multiplied and intertwined, including with foreign noble families. The largest of them were:

• Izyaslavichy
• Rostislavichy
• Svyatoslavichy
• Monomakhovichi

Let's look at each of the branches in more detail.

Izyaslavichy

The founder of the family was Izyaslav, a descendant of Vladimir and Rogneda. According to legend, Rogneda all the time dreamed of taking revenge on the prince because he forced her to marry him and went on to kill members of her family. One night, she snuck into the bedroom to stab her husband in the heart. But the husband slept lightly and managed to fend off the blow. In anger, the ruler wanted to deal with his unfaithful wife, but Izyaslav ran to the screams and stood up for his mother. The father did not dare to kill Rogneda in front of his son, and this saved her life.

Instead, the baptist of the Slavs sent his wife and child to Polotsk. This is how the line of the Rurikovich family began in Polotsk.

Rostislavichy

After the death of his father, Rostislav could not lay claim to the throne and was an exile. But a warlike spirit and a small army helped him lead Tmutarakan. Rostislav had three sons: Volodar, Vasilko and Rurik. Each of them achieved considerable success in the military field.

Izyaslav Yaroslavich headed Turov. A fierce struggle was waged for this land for many years, as a result of which the prince and his descendants were expelled from their native lands by Vladimir Monomakh. Only Yuri, a distant descendant of the ruler, was able to restore justice.

Svyatoslavichy

The sons of Svyatoslav fought for a long time for the throne with Izyaslav and Vsevolod. Young and inexperienced warriors were defeated by their uncles and lost power.

Monomakhovichi

The clan was formed from the heir of Monomakh - Vsevolod. All princely power was concentrated in his hands. It was possible to unite all the lands, including Polotsk and Turov, for several years. The “fragile” world collapsed after the death of the ruler.

It is worth noting that Yuri Dolgoruky also came from the Monomakhovich line and subsequently became the “gatherer of Russian lands.”

Numerous descendants of representatives of the royal family

Did you know that some members of the famous family had descendants with 14 children? For example, according to historians, Vladimir Monomakh had 12 children from two wives - and that’s just the famous ones! But his son, Yuri Dolgoruky, surpassed everyone. The famous founder of Belokamennaya gave birth to 14 successors of the family. Of course, this gave rise to many problems: every child wanted to reign, considered himself truly right and the most important heir to his famous father.

Family genealogical tree of the Rurikovichs with years and dates of reign: who else belongs to the great dynasty

Among the many outstanding figures, it is important to note Ivan Kalita, Ivan the Terrible, Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Donskoy. Bloody history families gave future generations great rulers, generals and politicians.

The most famous cruel king of his time was Ivan IV the Terrible. There were many stories about his bloody glory and the incredible atrocities of the guardsmen loyal to him. But Ivan IV was able to do a lot of good for his country. He significantly expanded the territory of Rus', annexing Siberia, Astrakhan and Kazan.

Theodore the Blessed was to become his successor, but he was weak psychologically and physically, and the tsar simply could not entrust him with power over the state.

During the reign of his son Ivan Vasilyevich, Boris Godunov was the “gray eminence”. He took the throne after the death of the heir.

The Rurikovichs also gave the world great warriors - Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Donskoy. The first received his nickname thanks to his victory on the Neva in the famous Battle of the Ice.

And Dmitry Donskoy was able to free Rus' from the Mongol invasion.

Who became the last in the family tree of the Rurikovich rule

According to historical data, the last in the famous dynasty was Fyodor Ioannovich. The “blessed” ruled the country purely nominally and passed away in 1589. Thus ended the history of the famous family. The era of the Romanovichs began.

Fyodor Ioannovich was unable to leave offspring (his only daughter died at 9 months). But some facts indicate a relationship between the two families.

The first Russian Tsar from the Romanovich family descended from Filaret - at that time the Patriarch of All Rus'. The head of the church was the cousin of Fyodor the Blessed. Thus, it can be argued that the Rurikovich branch did not break off, but was continued by new rulers.

Studying the history of princely and royal dynasties is a difficult task, to which many scientific research. Civil wars and numerous descendants of representatives of an ancient family still remain a relevant topic for the work of specialists.

During the formation of Rus' as the basis of the statehood of the future Russia, a lot of large-scale events took place: the victory over the Tatar and Swedish conquerors, baptism, the unification of princely lands and the establishment of contacts with foreigners. An attempt to unite the history of the glorious family and tell about its milestones was made in this article.

Latest update:
15.August.2018, 18:05

[REVIEWS]

used in history l-re name of the descendants of the Grand Duke. Igor, who, according to chronicle legend, was considered the son of Rurik (pl. Rurik, Sineus and Truvor). R. stood at the head of the Old Russian. states, as well as large and small principalities of the feudal period. fragmentation. In the 12th-13th centuries. some R. were also called by the names of the ancestors of the branches of the G. clan - Monomakhovichs, Olgovichs and others. The rulers of the Russian centralized state (descendants of the Vladimir-Suzdal Monomakhs) were also considered R. The last king is Din. R. Feodor Ivanovich died in 1598.

ruling dynasty in Kievan Rus. It received its name and originates from the legends of Prince Rurik, who is mentioned in the “Tale of Bygone Years”. His most famous heirs were the Grand Dukes of Kyiv Igor (reigned 912-945), Svyatoslav the Brave (c. 945-972), Vladimir the Great (978-1015), Yaroslav the Wise (1019-54), Vsevolod (1078-93) Vladimir II Monomakh (1113-25), Mstislav Vladimirovich (1125-32). During the period of feuds and fragmentation, representatives of R. ruled in the area. principalities (Kiev, Chernigov, Pereyaslav, Vladimir-Suzdal, etc.), where they founded local. dynasties - Monomakhovichs, Olgovichs, Romanovichs, etc. Roman Mstislavich, the founder of the Romanovich dynasty, formed one thousand one hundred and ninety-nine one of the most powerful states in the territory. Kyiv. Rus - Galicia-Volyn principality. His son Daniil Romanovich Galitsky became the king of this state in 1254. Among the most famous Olgovichs, descendants of the Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk prince Oleg Svyatoslavich (died 1115), is his grandson Igor Svyatoslavich, sung in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” Appanage princes of the R. dynasty ruled in Ukraine. lands to con. 15th century One of the branches of G. (descendants of the Vladimir-Suzdal Monomakhovichs) subsequently became the grand-ducal (from the 14th century) and royal (from the 16th century) Dynasty in Moscow. state-ve. Ost. Moscow Tsar from the R. dynasty - Fyodor Ivanovich - died 1598 In the 17th century. part of R. gradually merged with representatives of other clans, having led. influence under Russian yard (for example, descendants of the Chernigov R.: Baryatinsky, Volkonsky, Gorchakov, Dolgorukov, Obolensky, Odoevsky, Repnin, Shcherbakov, etc.).

+ additional material:

The ruling Romanov dynasty gave the country many brilliant kings and emperors. I wonder what this surname does not belong to all of its representatives; noblemen Koshkins, Kobylins, Miloslavskys, Naryshkins met in the family. Family tree The Romanov dynasty shows us that the history of this family dates back to 1596.

Family tree of the Romanov dynasty: the beginning

The founder of the family is the son of boyar Fyodor Romanov and noblewoman Ksenia Ivanovna, Mikhail Fedorovich. The first king of the dynasty. He was a cousin of the last emperor from the Moscow branch of the Rurikovich family - Fyodor the First Ioannovich. On February 7, 1613, he was elected to reign. On July 21 of the same year, the ceremony for reign was performed. It was this moment that marked the beginning of the reign of the great Romanov dynasty.

At the beginning of 1917, the Romanov dynasty consisted of 32 male representatives, 13 of whom were killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918-19. Those who escaped this settled in Western Europe (mainly France) and the USA. In the 1920s and 30s, a significant part of the dynasty continued to hope for the collapse of Soviet power in Russia and the restoration of the monarchy.

1. The Council recognized that the right to exercise Supreme power in Russia belongs to the dynasty of the House of Romanov.
2. The Council considered it necessary and consistent with the wishes of the population to head the national statehood by the Supreme Ruler from the members of the Dynasty, whom the members of the House of Romanov would point to.
3. The government was asked to enter into negotiations with representatives of the House of Romanov.

All current representatives of this family are descendants of the four sons of Nicholas I:

* Alexandrovichi, descendants of Alexander II. This branch has four living representatives - his great-great-granddaughter, Maria Vladimirovna, her son Georgy, and brothers Dmitry and Mikhail Pavlovich Romanov-Ilyinsky (the youngest of whom was born in 1961).
* Konstantinovichi, descendants of Konstantin Nikolaevich. In the male line, the branch was terminated in 1973 (with the death of Vsevolod, the son of John Konstantinovich).
* Nikolaevichs, descendants of Nikolai Nikolaevich the Elder. The two living male representatives are brothers Nikolai and Dmitry Romanovich Romanov, the youngest of whom was born in 1926.
* Mikhailovichi, descendants of Mikhail Nikolaevich. All other living male Romanovs belong to this branch (see below), the youngest of them was born in 2009.

Only two of the male line descendants of the Romanovs remained on the territory of the USSR - the children of Alexander Iskander: (Natalia and Kirill (1915-1992) Androsov); the rest either left or died.

On December 22, 2011, the President of the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldavian Republic I.N. Smirnov signed the Decree “On the status of the Russian Imperial House in the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.” According to this decree, on the territory of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, the Russian Imperial House is recognized as a unique historical institution without rights legal entity, taking part in the patriotic and spiritual-moral education of citizens of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, preserving the historical and cultural heritage and traditions of Pridnestrovian society. Back in 2009, Maria Vladimirovna Romanova was awarded the highest award of the PMR - the Order of the Republic. On June 9, 2011, for the first time since 1917, a representative of the House of Romanov was awarded a Russian state award: Prince Romanov, Dmitry Romanovich.

In total, as of May 2010, the Romanov clan consisted of 12 male representatives. Among them, only four (grandsons and great-grandson of Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich) are no older than forty years.

Outstanding personalities - the Romanov dynasty.

The family tree includes about 80 people. In this article we will not touch on everyone, but only on the reigning persons and their families.

Family tree of the Romanov dynasty

Mikhail Fedorovich and his wife Evdokia had one son, Alexey. He headed the throne from 1645 to 1676. Was married twice. The first wife was Maria Miloslavskaya, from this marriage the tsar had three children: Fyodor - the eldest son, Ivan the Fifth and daughter Sophia. From his marriage to Natalya Naryshkina, Mikhail had one son - Peter the Great, who later became a great reformer. Ivan married Praskovya Saltykova, from this marriage they had two daughters - Anna Ioannovna and Ekaterina. Peter had two marriages - with Evdokia Lopukhina and Catherine the First. From his first marriage, the tsar had a son, Alexei, who later married Sophia Charlotte. From this marriage Peter the Second was born.

Family tree of the Romanov dynasty: Peter the Great and Catherine the First

Three children were born from the marriage - Elizabeth, Anna and Peter. Anna married Karl Friedrich, and they had a son, Peter the Third, who married

Family tree of the Romanov dynasty: Miloslavsky branch Catherine II. She, in turn, took the crown from her husband. But Catherine had a son - Pavel I, who married Maria Fedorovna. From this marriage an emperor was born who later married Alexandra Feodorovna. From this marriage Alexander II was born. He had two marriages - with Maria Alexandrovna and Ekaterina Dolgorukova. The future heir to the throne - Alexander the Third - was born from his first marriage. He, in turn, married Maria Feodorovna. The son from this union became the last emperor of Russia: we're talking about about Nicholas II.

Ivan the Fourth and Praskovya Saltykova had two daughters - Ekaterina and Anna. Catherine married Karl Leopold. From this marriage Anna Leopoldovna was born, who married Anton Ulrich. The couple had a son, known to us as Ivan the Fourth.

This is the Romanov family tree in a nutshell. The scheme includes all the wives and children of the rulers Russian Empire. Secondary relatives are not considered. Undoubtedly, the Romanovs are the brightest and strongest dynasty that ruled Russia.

In the image you can see the sequence of changing rulers of Rus', as well as their many relatives: sons, daughters, sisters and brothers. The family tree of the Rurikovichs, the diagram of which begins with the Varangian prince Rurik, is most interesting material for study by historians. This is what helped researchers find out interesting facts about the descendants of the Grand Duke - the founder of the Old Russian state, became a symbol of the unity of family members, power and continuity of generations.

Where does the tree of the Rurik dynasty come from?

Prince Rurik himself and his wife Efanda are semi-mythical figures, and there is still debate among historians about their possible origin. The most common version, based on the Tale of Bygone Years, says that a native of the Varangians was voluntarily invited to reign, although some suggest that Rurik and his squad captured Novgorod during one of their campaigns. There are also opinions that the founder of the royal dynasty had Danish roots and was called Rorik. According to the Slavic version, the origin of his name is associated with the designation of a falcon in the language of one of the tribes. There are also those who believe that the prince, as a historical figure, did not exist at all and was a fictional character.

Ambition pushed Rurik's descendants into internecine wars and murders. In the battle for the throne, the strongest won, but the loser faced death. Bloody divisions of lands were accompanied by fratricide. The first happened between the sons of Svyatoslav: Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir. Each of the princes wanted to gain power in Kyiv and for this purpose they were ready to make any sacrifices. So, Yaropolk killed Oleg, and he himself was destroyed by Vladimir. The winner became the Grand Duke of Kyiv. This bright historical figure deserves to be told in more detail.

The rise to power of Vladimir Svyatoslavich

A photo of the Rurik family tree with dates of reign shows that the reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich’s son, Prince Vladimir, falls at the end of the 10th century. He was not a legitimate son, since his mother was the housekeeper Malusha, but according to pagan customs he had the right to inherit the throne from his father of princely origin. However, the story of his birth caused many to smile. Due to his low origins, Vladimir was dubbed “robichich” - the son of a slave. Vladimir’s mother was removed from raising the child and the boy was handed over to the warrior Dobrynya, who is Malusha’s brother.

When Svyatoslav died, a struggle for power broke out in Kyiv between Yaropolk and Oleg. The latter, retreating during a battle with his brother, fell into a ditch and was crushed to death by horses. The Kiev throne passed to Yaropolk, and Vladimir, having learned about this, moved with Dobrynya to the Varangian lands to gather an army.

Together with his soldiers, he conquered Polotsk, which was on the side of Kyiv at that time, and decided to marry Yaropolk’s bride, Princess Rogneda. She did not want to take the slave’s son as her husband, which greatly offended the prince and aroused his rage. He forcibly took the girl as his wife and killed her entire family.

To overthrow Yaropolk from the throne, Vladimir resorted to cunning. He lured his brother to negotiations, where the Kyiv prince was stabbed to death by Vladimir’s soldiers. So power in Kyiv was concentrated in the hands of the third son of Svyatoslav Igorevich, Grand Duke Vladimir. Despite such a bloody background, a lot was done during his reign for the development of Rus'. The most significant merit of Vladimir is considered to be the baptism of Rus' in 988. From that moment on, our state turned from pagan to Orthodox and received a new status in the international arena.

Branching of the family tree of the Rurik dynasty

The direct heirs through the line of the first prince were:

• Igor
• Olga
• Svyatoslav
• Vladimir

There are documents in which you can find references to Igor’s nephews. According to sources, their names were Igor and Akun, but little is known about them. The ramifications in the scheme of the Rurikovich tree began after the death of the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir. In the previously united family, a struggle for power began between the princes, and feudal fragmentation only aggravated the situation.

Thus, the son of the Kyiv prince Vladimir, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed his brothers Boris, Gleb and Svyatoslav in the battle for the throne. However, another figure claimed power, which can be seen in the photo of the family tree of the Rurik dynasty. Svyatopolk's opponent was Prince Yaroslav the Wise. A destructive internecine war was waged between the two contenders for the throne for a long time. It ended with the victory of Yaroslav in the battle on the Alta River. Kyiv came under the power of Yaroslav the Wise, and Svyatopolk was recognized as a traitor to the Rurik family.

Yaroslav the Wise died in 1054, after which the tree changed radically. Over the years of Yaroslav's reign, the unity of the clan came to an end, the state was divided into fiefs with their own way of life, laws, power and government. Most of the inheritance and lands were divided between the three sons of the Wise:

• Izyaslav – Kyiv, Novgorod
• Vsevolod – Rostov-Suzdal possessions and the city of Pereyaslavl
• Svyatoslav – Murom and Chernigov

As a result, the previously unified government split and the so-called triumvirate was formed - the rule of three Yaroslavich princes.

Local dynasties began to form in appanage lands. The photo shows that it was from this period that the genus began to expand greatly. This happened mainly due to large quantity dynastic marriages that princes entered into to increase their authority, maintain and consolidate power. Previously, only the most influential and significant princes could afford to look for a spouse abroad. Now many people have begun to enjoy this privilege.

Family tree of the Rurikovichs: branching diagram

There could no longer be any talk of the original unity of the clan; the branches multiplied and intertwined. Let's take a closer look at the largest of them.

Izyaslavich Polotsk

The line received its name from the founder of the branch - Izyaslav, the son of Vladimir Yaroslavich and the Polotsk princess Rogneda. According to legend, Rogneda decided to take revenge on her husband for what he did to her and her family. At night, she snuck into his bedroom and wanted to stab him, but he woke up and deflected the blow. The prince ordered his wife to put on an elegant dress and stood in front of her with a sword in his hands. Izyaslav stood up for his mother and Vladimir did not dare to kill his wife in front of his son.

The prince decided to send Rogneda and Izyaslav to live in the Polotsk lands. This is where the line of Izyaslavichs of Polotsk came from. There is information that some descendants of Izyaslav attempted to seize power in Kyiv. Thus, Vseslav and Bryacheslav tried to oust Yaroslav the Wise, but their expectations were not destined to come true.

Rostislavichy

They originate from Prince Rostislav. He was an outcast and had no right to claim the throne after the death of his father, but with the help of wars he managed to gain power in Tmutarakan. He left behind three sons:

• Vasilko
• Volodar
• Rurik

Rurik left no descendants, and Vasilko’s sons ruled Terebovlya and Galich. Volodar's son, Vladimirko, trying to expand the estates of the Rostislavichs, annexed Galich to the lands. His cousin Ivan Galitsky helped him. He added Terebovl to his possessions. This is how the large and influential Principality of Galicia was formed. The Rostislavich branch was interrupted when Vladimir Yaroslavich, the son of the famous prince Yaroslav Osmomysl, died. After this event, Roman the Great, one of the heirs and descendants of Yaroslav the Wise, began to rule in Galich.

Izyaslavich Turovsky

Another descendant of the Wise, Izyaslav Yaroslavich, ruled in Turov. The prince died in 1078, his brother Vsevolod began to rule in Kyiv, and his youngest son Yaropolk began to rule in Turov. However, a fierce struggle was waged for these lands, as a result of which Izyaslav’s descendants died one after another. In the end, they were forever expelled from their possessions by Vladimir Monomakh. Only in 1162, Izyaslav’s distant descendant Yuri was able to regain his lost possessions and strengthen them for himself. According to some sources, some Lithuanian-Russian princely dynasties originate from the Izyaslavichs of Turov.

Svyatoslavichy

This branch of the Rurik family tree originates from Svyatoslav, one of the members of the triumvirate formed after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. After the death of their father, the sons of Svyatoslav fought with their uncles Izyaslav and Vsevolod, as a result of which they were defeated. However, one of the sons, Oleg Svyatoslavich, did not lose hope of regaining power and expelled Vladimir Monomakh. The lands rightfully belonging to the Svyatoslavichs were divided among the surviving brothers.

Monomakhovichi

The line was formed from Vladimir Monomakh, the son of Prince Vsevolod. He also had a brother who died fighting the Polovtsians. Thus, all princely power was concentrated in the hands of Vladimir. The princes of Kyiv gained control and influence in all Russian lands, including Turov and Polotsk. But the fragile unity did not last long. With the death of Monomakh, civil strife resumed and power in the destinies again became fragmented.

It is noteworthy that a descendant of the Monomakhovich branch on the family tree of the Rurik dynasty was Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. It is he who is indicated in the chronicles as the founder of Moscow, which later became the collector of Russian lands.

The Rurik family tree is full of tyrants, murderers, traitors and conspirators. One of the most cruel sovereigns of Rus' is consideredIvan IV the Terrible. The atrocities that occurred during his reign on Russian lands are still remembered with shudder. Murders, robberies, raids on civilians, which the guardsmen carried out with the permission of the tsar, are bloody and terrible pages in the history of our state. It is not for nothing that the sculpture of Ivan the Terrible is absent from the “Millennium of Russia” monument, erected in honor of the great sovereigns of our country.

Among the Rurikovichs there were also wise rulers - the pride of the family and defenders of their state. ThisIvan Kalita- collector of Russian lands, brave warriorAlexander Nevskyand liberated Rus' from Tatar-Mongol dependence, the Grand DukeDmitry Donskoy.

Compiling a family tree of the Rurik dynasty with dates and years of reign is a difficult task for historians, requiring deep knowledge and lengthy research. The point here is both in the remoteness of the era and in the numerous intertwining of surnames, clans and branches. Since the great princes had many descendants, it is now almost impossible to find the person on whom the royal dynasty was finally interrupted and ceased to exist. It is only known that the last kings from this ancient family before the Romanovs came to power were Fyodor Ioannovich and Vasily Shuisky. It is difficult to answer the question whether the descendants of the first Russian prince exist today or whether the family has sunk into oblivion forever. Researchers have tried to find out this using a DNA test, but reliable data on this matter still does not exist.