Engine Mtz 1221 specifications. Video maintenance and repair. Motor and electrical equipment

Agricultural works are very labor intensive and energy-consuming. To produce the desired harvest, farmers are forced to apply enormous efforts. Therefore, the question of mechanization of fieldwork today is particularly acute. One of the faithful assistants in solving many issues of modern tillage is the tractor "Belarus-1221". About him and talk more about this article.

Appointment

The agricultural machine "Belarus-1221" belongs to the second traction class and is one of the universal units intended for joint operation with various trailed, mounted hydraulic and semi-trailer equipment. It is the possibility of using replacement parts and components that makes it possible to actively use a tractor on rural lands, in the construction of various facilities, in public services, in transport operations and even in industrial facilities. The reviews show that Belarus-1221 is able to work on any types of soils and in different climatic regions.

Positive quality machine

Special attention deserves such advantages of the tractor, as:

• Simplicity of design.
• Excellent performance.
• High reliability.
• Uniformity of details.
• Low cost of spare parts.
• Economical fuel consumption and lubrication.
• The ability to conduct rapid fault diagnosis and a short time to eliminate it.
• Safe use in the ambient temperature range from -40 to +40 degrees Celsius.

Place of production

"Belarus-1221" began to go off the assembly line in 1979 at a factory in Minsk. However, now the enterprise is actively developing and has opened several production workshops in such Russian cities as Smolensk, Saransk, Yelabuga.

Classification

"Belarus-1221" in parallel with its standard execution has two more modifications:

• MTZ 1221L is a specially created model for the forest industry. Scrupulously modified and modernized auxiliary elements enable this tractor to harvest the whips, plant the forest, load, transport and skew the timber.
•   differs from the standard model by the presence of a reversing control post.

Technical indicators

The tractor "Belarus-1221", the technical characteristics of which are given below, is very simple and intuitively understandable. So, among the main parameters are:

• The structural weight is 5783 kg.
• The operating weight is 6273 kg.
• The maximum permissible mass is 8000 kg.
• Dimensions - 5220 x 2300 x 2850 mm.
• The clearance between the machine and the road surface is 480 mm.
• Tires front wheels-b420 / 70R24.
• The tires of the rear wheels are 18,4R38.
• The fuel tank has a capacity of 170 liters.
• The transport speed is 35 km / h.
• Working travel speed - 15 km / h.
• The brake system is disk, functioning in oil.
•   contains a working volume of 32 cm3 / vol.
• Hydraulic system capacity - 25 liters.
• The wheel formula is 4K4.

Power section of tractor

The clutch "Belarus-1221" is made frictional, dry, two-disc, constantly closed. As for the gearbox of the machine, it is a stepped type, with the possibility of switching four gears located inside it. There are two ranges of the rear and four forward ranges. The speed adjustment process optimizes the synchronizer.

The front drive axle is made with high friction. The design of the bridge is portal type, there are planetary-conical transmissions. The drive of the bridge is integrated in the gearbox and has the form of a friction-controlled clutch coupled to the driveshaft.

The control valve for the front axle operates in three modes and activates the bridge drive manually and automatically. Also, the crane disconnects the bridge and can turn it on even when the brakes are on.

Motor and electrical equipment

The Belarus-1221 engine is a six-cylinder four-stroke diesel unit of the D-260.2 series with turbo charging. This engine is characterized by extremely low fuel and oil consumption and fully complies with all modern requirements for the amount of emissions of harmful substances into the surrounding atmosphere.

The motor excellently proved itself during the work with both domestic materials and foreign ones. Also, the engine is endowed with a huge reserve of torque. It can be safely said that the tractor engine can confidently compete with the best imported analogues in its parameters.

The D-260.2 is 95.6 kW or 130 horsepower. The diameters of the installed cylinders are 110 mm. The engine is also equipped with a centrifugal single-stage compressor.

The onboard electric network has a nominal voltage of 12 V. The starting system operates with a voltage of 24 V. The generator outputs a power of 1000 W at a voltage of 14 V.

Transmission

It has some differences from other tractors. In particular, it includes:

• Reinforced coupling with rigid body and a pair of disks.
• Rear axle with planetary gearboxes.
• Two-speed rear shaft, equipped with a synchronous independent drive.
• The front axle is equipped with driving wheels with a wide profile, which allows to increase the load capacity of the bridge and significantly expands the possibilities of using the tractor "Belarus-1221" in the national economy.

Hydraulic system

It is she who manages the machine with agricultural implements of hinged, semi-mounted and trailed type. In general, the tractor is equipped with a hydraulic system of one type:

• With one horizontally located autonomous power cylinder.
• With a pair of built-in power cylinders, which provide adjustment of the displacement of the working body.

Also, the tractor is equipped with three pairs of free taps, which are designed for maintenance of hydroficated technical devices with the help of extra-strong high-pressure hoses. In addition, if necessary, you can make a selection of working fluid for the subsequent maintenance of the normal operation of hydraulic motors connected to the tractor of other machines or units.

Cabin

The driver's workplace is notable for safety. The frame of the cabin itself is made of rigid, curved profile profiles into which tinted spherical glasses are inserted. In the roof of the cabin there is an emergency hatch and ventilation and heating system, a control system for some alarm and lighting electrical appliances. The use of special sound-absorbing mastics and upholstery allows to ensure the required level of sound insulation and moisture insulation.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the tractor "Belarus-1221", whose price can range from 5-6 to 20-25 thousand US dollars, according to its owners, fully justifies the funds invested in its purchase and can safely serve for many years, reducing thereby, to some extent, the cost price of farmed produce. In addition, the engine of this tractor runs in the least forced mode, which, of course, greatly contributes to an increase in the resource of work. This point is noted by many owners of this machine. The most wearing part in the tractor is the bearing support of the gearbox. This shortcoming also did not remain without attention.

MTZ-1221 tractor is another machine in the line of the famous Minsk Tractor Plant, which can be called a national tractor. Of course, this model is not as massive as the younger brothers MTZ-80/82. But only because this machine of higher traction class and its application in small farms is not advisable.

"1221" perfectly copes with the whole list of agricultural works. It is equally good on all types of soils, in any climatic zones. A good reserve of capacity allows the use of wide-cutting agricultural tools, which allow processing large areas in a limited time. The tractor in construction, road and municipal services and transport works is also widely used.

Technical characteristics of MTZ-1221 tractor

Traditionally, the design of tractors MTZ is simple. Good performance, maintainability and multifunctionality have also become their calling card. But in order to make a complete picture, let's take a closer look at the main components and assemblies of the tractor.

Dimensions and weight:

• Dimensions of the tractor d / w / in - 4600/2250/3000 mm.
• Track on the front / rear wheels: 1545-2265 / 1500-1900 mm.
• Agrotechnical clearance under the front / rear axle is 620/465 mm.
• The minimum turning radius is 5.3 m.
• Weight without additional. cargo / with cargo - 4640/5300 kg.

Engine of tractor MTZ-1221

Diesel to the tractor is installed in-line, 6-cylinder with a turbo. Model D260.2 produced by the Minsk Motor Plant. It is characterized by economical consumption of fuel and grease, meets all modern requirements for ecology. Can work without problems both on domestic and imported fuel.

• The model is D-260.2 turbocharged;
• Power - 130/96 hp / kW;
• The nominal speed is 2100 rpm;
• The arrangement and number of cylinders is a row-six;
• The volume of the cylinders is 7.12 liters;
• The cylinder diameter / stroke of the piston is 110/125 mm.
• The fuel consumption is 226 g / kWh.

Transmission of tractor МТЗ-1221

The gearbox on the "1221" is mechanical, with permanent gear engagement. Switching occurs stepwise with the help of synchronizers, in 4 ranges when moving forward and 2 ranges back. At four speeds in the range, the overall cpp provides 16 speeds forward and 8 backward.

Gear shifts can be made under load, without sacrificing torque and power loss.

Chassis and transmission of tractor MTZ-1221

The transmission of the tractor has a number of significant differences from the previous models used on tractors:

• The clutch is a double-disk clutch, reinforced, enclosed in a rigid body.
• The rear axle is equipped with wheel, planetary gearboxes. Electrohydraulic differential control system, with possible modes: automatic, on, off.
• The brakes are dry, three-disc. It can be equipped with multi-disc brakes, which are mounted on the shafts of the drive gears. This design of the brakes is called "wet", as they work in oil.
• Semi-axes of the final gears and the rear axle are strengthened, which allows using heavier and more powerful attachments.

Front axle. It is also the leading, it can be planetary type, or beam-coaxial. Equipped with planetary wheel gearboxes, knee-pivoted double-bearing, reliable reinforced beam, and hydraulic steering cylinders.

The wide front wheels, together with the reinforced beam of the bridge, serve as a reliable base for fastening the front attachments, which greatly extends the functionality of the machine.

Cabin and tractor MTZ-1221

The main elements of the tractor are located to the right of the tractor driver. They are levers: hydraulics control of hinge and attachments, manual feeding of diesel fuel, switching on PTO, control of PVM and other ...

Since the MTZ-1221 can work in reverse mode, the levers and switches are placed so that their use is convenient in both modes. The steering is fully hydraulic.

An additional advantage on this model of the tractor is a very modern salon, with an application for comfortable work. A well-designed, modern interior with upholstery made of quality fabrics and plastic panels pleases the eye.

Do not forget about the safety of the driver, a reliable metal frame will protect the driver when the tractor is overturned, and the seat belts keep inside the cabin. The roof has a hatch, it serves as additional ventilation and as an emergency exit in an emergency.

The salon is equipped with heating and forced ventilation, which allows you to operate the car at any time of the year, but there is very little air conditioning in the base.

A large area of ​​glazing gives a good overview. The rear window opens, providing additional ventilation. Noise isolation pleases, the use of high-quality sound-proof materials in the upholstery and special mastic for the casing.

Hydraulics and mounted tractor MTZ-1221

To monitor the work of hinged, trailed and semi-mounted equipment, "Belorus-1221" is equipped with a hydraulic system. The system on this model is presented in two versions:

1. Two vertical power cylinders are built into the hydraulic receiver.
2. The power cylinder is autonomous, horizontally located.

The system is unpretentious in operation, and the adjustment of the temperature of the working fluid and its filtration occurs without operator intervention. The large capacity tank and 3 pairs of outlets, for high-pressure hydraulic hoses, allow you to work with the hydrostatic attachments.

Rear hitch system 3-point. Serves for mounting attachments to the tractor and adjusting its position in space with the help of braces and stretch marks.

Coupling-traction device can be represented by any of the following options:

• Automatic coupling device СА-1;
• Traction-coupling device "Piton" TSU-2R;
• Cross-road TSU-1ZH-01
• The device of coupling elevator type ТСУ-3В

Modifications of MTZ-1221 tractor

MTZ-1221 except for the basic version had two more major modifications:

• MTZ-1221L  A model created for work in the forest industry. Thanks to auxiliary devices and modifications, this version of the tractor is perfectly suited for work on skidding, loading, landing and transportation of timber.
• MTZ-1221B.2  from the base version it is distinguished by a reversing control station. In Russia this model does not come from 2011.

Operation of MTZ-1221 tractor

Tractor model "1221" despite its multifunctionality, primarily agricultural tractors, universal-tilled, and also energy-saturated.

And this means that his direct assignment is work in the field, with tilled crops and not only. For example, in plowing, thanks to a good supply of power, it can easily replace the T-150.

Here is an approximate list of his works in plant growing:

• Basic and surface tillage;
• Soil fertilization and chemical treatment of plants;
• Cultivation of cereals, corn, potatoes and other vegetables, as well as their harvesting.
• Cleaning of industrial crops: flax, rape and other ...;

In livestock, this machine just will not remain without work:

• Export of organic fertilizers from livestock farms and their introduction into the soil;
• A full cycle of work on the preparation of forages: hay, silage, haylage.
• Various transport works.

There was work for our hero in many other spheres:

• Municipal and road services;
• Building;
• Industry

As we see from the above, the scope of the tractor is really very wide, and this is not the whole list. So is the tractor really as good as the manufacturers claim, or are there any pitfalls? I propose to find out about it first-hand, and then to sum up.

MTZ-1221 on narrow rubber