What do you know about space? Material on speech development (senior group) on the topic: Quiz “What do you know about space.” Quiz questions and multimedia presentation What do the names of the planets in the solar system mean?

The material will help systematize children’s knowledge about the planets of the solar system, astronauts, and space technology; develop logical thinking and communication skills, update children's vocabulary on the topic.

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Quiz "What do you know about space."

Quiz questions and multimedia presentation.

Target : Systematize and update knowledge about space.

Tasks:

Educational:

Systematize children's knowledge about the planets of the solar system, astronauts, and space technology. Enrich children's vocabulary (spaceport, spacesuit, weightlessness, telescope, etc.)

Developing:

Develop logical thinking and communication skills.

Develop children's intellectual abilities

Improve tempo-rhythmic abilities.

Educational:

Develop cooperation skills.

Create an emotionally supportive atmosphere

Preliminary work:

1. Conversation on the topic.
2. Looking at illustrations.
3. Guessing and interpreting riddles.
4. Reading books.
5. View video and photo materials on the topic.

Progress:

You and I have already learned a lot about space and the astronaut profession,

so I suggest you arrange a quiz game “What do you know about space?” and invite the visiting team to compete with us. For each correct answer the team will receive a star! (multimedia presentation with quiz questions)

1. What do all the planets revolve around?

2. What is the sun?

3. Why are stars so small?

4. Why don't we see stars during the day?

5. What is the name of the third planet from the sun?

6. Which planet is hotter than Earth? Why?

7. Which planet is colder than Earth? Why?

8. Which planet is the largest?

9. What is the Moon?

10. Does the moon revolve around the sun?

11. Why is there day and night on Earth?

12 Why do the seasons change on Earth?...why do winter, spring, summer and autumn replace each other?

13.What is the name of the profession of a person who studies planets and stars? (astronomer)

14. What was this profession called in ancient times? (astrologer)

15. What complex instrument does an astronomer use in his work? (telescope)

Fizminutka: Well done, guys, you are doing a good job with the tasks, and now I suggest you take a little rest, play the game “Stargazer” and remember what items will definitely be useful to an astronaut during a flight.

The stars are shining in the sky,(children walk in a circle and sing, standing in a circle

Stars have fun playing.Stargazer and looking through a telescope)

The astrologer counts the stars:

One two three four five!(The stargazer looks through the telescope and counts)

Stargazer, Stargazer

Come play with us!(children converge in the center of the circle

What will the Stargazer show?- and disperse)

Let's guess for ourselves! (The astronaut, without naming, shows the item needed by the astronaut

In flight, children guess, the one who guesses becomes an astronomer)

16. What unusual happens to objects in space?

17. If you spill a glass of water in space, what will happen to it?

Let's imagine that we are now in zero gravity and accidentally spilled a lot of water. The water scattered around the station in the form of balls and we need to catch them all so as not to damage the on-board computer.

Relay game: “Carry the ball in a spoon”

Interesting facts about space usually attract a lot of readers all over the world. The secrets and mysteries of the Universe cannot but excite our imagination. What is hiding there, high, high in the sky? Is there life on other planets? How long does it take to get to a neighboring galaxy?

Agree, everyone wants answers to these questions, regardless of age, gender or, say, social status. This article will tell you about the most interesting facts about space and astronauts. Readers will learn a lot of new things about which they had no idea before.

Section 1. The tenth planet of the solar system

In 2003, another tenth planet orbiting the Sun was discovered behind Pluto. She was named Eris. This became possible thanks to the development of modern technologies; several decades ago scientists did not know about such interesting facts about space and planets. Later, it was also possible to determine that beyond Pluto there are other natural ones, which, according to the decision of specialists, together with Pluto and Eris, began to be called transplutonian.

The interest of scientists in newly discovered planets is determined not only by the desire for space in close proximity (by cosmic standards) to planet Earth. It is very important to determine whether the new planet can accommodate people if necessary. It is also important to assess what dangers a new object poses for the continuation of life on Earth.

Some space researchers believe that interesting facts about space in general and the study of the features of the tenth planet in particular can help in solving mysteries associated with unidentified flying objects, the presence of grandiose structures on the earth's surface, as well as giant crop circles that have not found a real explanation.

Section 2. Mysterious companion Moon

Does the Moon, so familiar to all earthlings, really hold many secrets? Indeed, the most interesting facts about space indicate that the satellite of planet Earth is fraught with many mysterious things. We list just some questions for which there are no answers yet.

• Why is the Moon so large? There are no other natural satellites in the Solar System comparable in size to the Moon - it is only 4 times smaller than our home planet!
• How can we explain the fact that the diameter of the moon's disk during a total eclipse perfectly covers the solar disk?
• Why does the Moon rotate in an almost perfect circular orbit? This is very difficult to explain, especially if you keep in mind that the orbits of all other natural satellites known to science are ellipses.

Section 3. Where is the Earth's twin located?

Scientists claim that the Earth has a twin. It turns out that Titan, which is a satellite of Saturn, is very similar to our home planet. Titan has seas, volcanoes and a dense layer of air! Nitrogen in Titan's atmosphere is exactly the same percentage as on Earth - 75%! This is an amazing similarity that undoubtedly requires a scientific explanation.

Section 4. The Mystery of the Red Planet

The red planet of the solar system, as is known, is called Mars. Conditions suitable for life - the composition of the atmosphere, the possibility of the presence of bodies of water, temperature - all this indicates that the search for living beings on this planet, at least in a primitive form, is not promising.

It has even been scientifically confirmed that there are lichens and mosses on Mars. This means that the simplest forms of complex organisms exist on this celestial body. However, it is very difficult to advance in its study. Perhaps the main problematic factor is the large natural obstacle to direct study of this planet - astronaut flights are still very limited due to imperfect technology.

Section 5. Why flights to the Moon stopped

Many interesting facts about space flights are related to our natural satellite. Americans landed on the Moon, Russian and Eastern specialists are exploring it. However, mysteries still remain.

After a successful flight to the Moon and landing on its surface (if, of course, these facts really took place!) the program for studying the natural satellite was practically curtailed. This turn of events is puzzling. Really, what's the matter?

Perhaps some understanding of this problem comes if we take into account the statement of the American who visited the Moon, that it is already occupied by a form of life in the fight against which humanity has no chance to survive. Unfortunately, the general public knows virtually nothing about what scientists actually know.

Despite the fact that flights of spaceships with astronauts to the Moon have ceased, the secrets of this extraordinary satellite invariably attract the attention of researchers on Earth. The unknown has an attractive force, especially if the object is in close proximity, by cosmic standards.

Section 6. Space toilet

Creating life support systems that function effectively in zero gravity conditions is a very difficult task. The sewage system must operate uninterruptedly, ensuring the storage of biowaste and its timely unloading as usual.

When the ship takes off and goes into space, there is nothing left to do but use special diapers. These means provide temporary, but very noticeable comfort.

Interesting facts about the first manned space flight indicate that initially great importance was attached to the creation of plumbing fixtures for astronauts. Particular attention was paid to the individual anatomical characteristics of the crew members. Currently, the approach to equipping the sanitary zone of a spacecraft has become more universal.

Section 7. Superstitions on board

It should be noted that interesting facts about space and astronauts cannot but affect such everyday aspects of ordinary life as, for example, traditions and beliefs.

Many people note that astronauts are very superstitious people. This statement will cause confusion for many. Is this really true? In fact, astronauts behave in such a way that it seems as if they are very suspicious people. Be sure to take a sprig of wormwood on your flight, the smell of which reminds you of your native Earth. When Russian spaceships take off, they always play the song “Earth in the Porthole.”

Sergei Korolev did not like launches on Monday and even postponed the launch to another date, despite conflicts on this matter. He did not give clear explanations to anyone. When the astronauts finally began to take off on Monday, by a fatal coincidence, a number of accidents occurred (!).

October 24 is a special date associated with the tragic events at Baikonur (the explosion of a ballistic missile in 1960), therefore, as a rule, no work is carried out at the cosmodrome on this day.

Section 8. Unknown interesting facts about space and Russian cosmonautics

The history of the development of Russian cosmonautics is a bright series of events. It is wonderful that scientists, designers and engineers managed to achieve success. But, unfortunately, there were also tragedies. Space exploration is an extremely complex field that involves working in extreme conditions.

For those who value the history of space exploration very much, information is valuable both about significant achievements in the development of the space industry and about seemingly small and even valueless facts.

• How many people know that the monument to Yuri Gagarin in Star City has one interesting feature - a daisy is clutched in the right hand of the first cosmonaut?
• Surprisingly, the first living creatures to go on a space journey were turtles, and not dogs, as is commonly believed.
• To mislead the enemy, in the 50s of the 20th century, 2 cosmodromes were built - a wooden imitation and a real structure, the distance between which was 300 km.

Section 9. Fun discoveries and interesting facts about space for children and adults

Discoveries in the space industry that become public are sometimes of a humorous nature, despite their real scientific value.

• Saturn is a very light planet. If you imagine that you can conduct an experiment with its immersion in water, you will be able to observe how this amazing planet will float on the surface.
• The size of Jupiter is such that inside this planet you can “place” all the planets that rotate in their orbits around the Sun.
• A little-known fact - the first star catalog was compiled by the scientist Hipparchus in 150 BC, very far from us.
• Since 1980, “Lunar Embassy” has been selling areas of the lunar surface - to date, 7% of the lunar surface has already been sold (!).
• To invent a fountain pen that could be used to write in zero gravity, American researchers spent millions of dollars (Russian cosmonauts use a pencil to write in spacecraft during flight, and no problems arise).

10. NASA's most unusual statements

At the NASA center, one could repeatedly hear statements that were perceived as unusual and surprising.

• Outside the conditions of Earth's gravity, astronauts suffer from "space sickness", the symptoms of which are pain and nausea due to distorted functioning of the inner ear.
• The fluid in the astronaut’s body tends to the head, so the nose becomes clogged and the face becomes puffy.
• A person's height in space becomes greater as the pressure on the spine decreases.
• A person snoring in earthly conditions in conditions of weightlessness in his sleep does not make any sounds!

What do you know about space? Just about height?
Without lifting my paws from the damp ground,
You sat on the plane and thought you were flying.
You sat opposite and thought that you were with me.

Is it us, abandoned in the dark?
In the crossroads of paths to wander through the damp earth,
Dedicated their unfinished volumes,
Have you left your unfinished houses?
However,
Don't leave the yard, leave this horror to me.

On the outskirts of galaxies there is a baby's cradle,
We are the consequences of the death of burnt out stars.
So the laughing girl takes a step towards you,
And it breaks into space, and falls, and roars.

What do you know about space?
-This is a sick mixture
Emptiness and what will die at the nearest shadow.

In a minibus flying through time,
there are no empty seats left,
But the damp earth takes me to my knees.

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Incredible facts

Sometimes it's very hard to imagine how huge is space.

We can only observe a small part of the Universe, and the Earth is just a small scene in the vastness of outer space.

Here are some interesting facts about space that may make you think about your place in this world.

1. The Sun makes up 99.8 percent of the mass of the Solar System.

Namely 1,989,100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg. All other planets, satellites, asteroids and other matter, including all people on Earth, fit into the remaining 0.2 percent.

2. The gas cloud in the constellation Aquila contains enough alcohol to create 200 septillion liters of beer.

The amount of ethanol was measured in 1995, and scientists found 30 other chemicals in the cloud, but alcohol was the main one.

3. We have discovered more than a thousand planets outside the solar system over the past 20 years.

There are currently 1,822 planets confirmed to exist.

4. The sound of interstellar space sounds eerie

The Voyager 1 spacecraft recorded the sound of vibrating dense plasma in interstellar space in 2012 and 2013. This is what it sounds like.

Planets of the Solar System

5. All the planets of the solar system could fit between the Earth and the Moon.

Distance between the Earth and the Moon (384,440 km) – [Diameter of Mercury (4879 km) + diameter of Venus (12,104 km) + diameter of Mars (6771 km) + diameter of Jupiter (138,350 km) + diameter of Saturn (114,630 km) + diameter of Uranus (50,532 km) + diameter of Neptune (49,105 km)] = 8069 km

6. It takes an average of 170,000 years for a photon to travel from the Sun's core to the surface.

But only 8 minutes to reach Earth.

7. We won't be able to hear any sounds in space.

Voyager attempted to record the sound of interstellar space using a plasma wave instrument, but since the gas in interstellar space is less dense, we will not be able to hear the sound ourselves.

If a sound wave were to pass through a large cloud of gas in space, just a few atoms per second would reach the eardrum and we would didn’t hear the sound because our eardrum is not sensitive enough.

8. Saturn's rings disappear from time to time.

Every 14-15 years, Saturn's rings turn edge-on towards the Earth. They are so narrow compared to how big Saturn is that they appear to disappear.

9. Saturn has an additional huge ring, discovered only in 2009.

The ring starts about 6 million kilometers from Saturn and extends 12 million kilometers, which would accommodate 300 Saturns. Saturn's moon Phoebus orbits inside the ring and some astronomers believe that it is the source of the ring.

10. There is a hexagonal cloud at the north pole of Saturn.

The hexagonal vortex extends almost 30,000 km across.

11. In our solar system there is an asteroid with rings like Saturn.

The asteroid Chariklo has two dense and narrow rings. This fifth object in the solar system to have rings, along with Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus.

12. Jupiter is 2.5 times more massive (heavier) than all the planets of the solar system combined.

Its weight is equal to the weight of 317.8 planets like Earth.

13. In an hour and a half, more solar energy hits the Earth than we used in the entire year 2001.

14. If you fell into a black hole, you would be stretched out like a noodle.

The phenomenon is called spaghettification.

15. If nothing disturbs the Moon (for example, a meteorite), then the traces left on its surface will remain untouched forever.

Unlike Earth, there is no erosion caused by wind and water.

16. A star was recently discovered that had been hiding in the glare of a supernova for 21 years.

The star and its companion, which exploded and hid it from view, are located in the M81 galaxy, located 11 million light-years from Earth.

17. Dung beetles navigate the Milky Way.

Birds, seals and humans use the stars to navigate, but African dung beetles use an entire galaxy rather than individual stars to make sure they move in a straight line.

18. An object the size of Mars collided with Earth 4.5 billion years ago.

This is the most plausible explanation so far for how the Moon formed. A piece broke off from the object and became the Moon, causing the Earth's axis to tilt slightly.

Stars of the Universe

19. We are all made of stardust.

After the Big Bang, tiny particles combined to form hydrogen and helium. They then combined in the very dense and hot centers of stars to create elements including iron.

Since humans and other animals and most matter contain these elements, we can be said to be made of stardust.

20. There are countless stars in the known Universe.

We don't know how many stars there are in the Universe. For now, we use rough estimates to find out how many stars there are in our Milky Way galaxy. Multiplying this number by the estimated number of galaxies in the Universe, we can say that there are an unimaginable number of stars.

According to a study by the Australian National Institute, the number of stars is approximately 70 sextillion, and this is 70,000 million million million.

Almost all children are interested in space. Someone only learns for a short time about how the world works. And some - seriously and for a long time, dreaming of one day flying to the Moon or even further, repeating Gagarin’s feat or discovering a new star.

In any case, the child will be interested in learning about what is hiding behind the clouds. About the Moon, about the Sun and stars, about spaceships and rockets, about Gagarin and the Queen. Fortunately, there are many books that will help children, schoolchildren, and even adults discover the Universe. Here are a few excerpts from them:

1. Moon

The Moon is a satellite of the Earth. Astronomers call it that because it is constantly near the Earth. It revolves around our planet and cannot get away from it, because the Earth attracts the Moon to itself. Both the Moon and the Earth are celestial bodies, but the Moon is much smaller than the Earth. The Earth is a planet, and the Moon is its satellite.

Illustration from the book “Fascinating Astronomy”

2. Month

The moon itself does not shine. The glow of the Moon that we see at night is the light of the Sun reflected by the Moon. On different nights, the Sun illuminates the Earth's satellite in different ways.

The Earth, and with it the Moon, revolve around the Sun. If you take a ball and shine a flashlight on it in the dark, then on one side it will appear round because the light of the flashlight falls directly on it. On the other hand, the ball will be dark because it is between us and the light source. And if someone looks at the ball from the side, he will see only part of its surface illuminated.

The flashlight is like the Sun, and the ball is the Moon. And we from Earth look at the Moon on different nights from different points of view. If the light of the Sun falls directly on the Moon, it appears to us as a complete circle. And when the light of the Sun falls on the Moon from the side, we see a month in the sky.

Illustration from the book “Fascinating Astronomy”

3. New moon and full moon

It happens that the moon is not visible in the sky at all. Then we say that the new moon has arrived. It happens every 29 days. On the night following the new moon, a narrow lunar crescent, or, as it is also called, a month, appears in the sky. Then the crescent begins to grow and gradually turns into a full circle, the moon - the full moon comes.

Then the moon shrinks again, “falls”, until it again turns into a month, and then the month disappears from the sky - the next new moon will come.

Illustration from the book “Fascinating Astronomy”

4. Moon Jump

Want to know how far you could jump if you were on the moon? Go out into the yard with chalk and a tape measure. Jump as far as you can, mark your result with chalk and measure the length of your jump with a tape measure. Now measure six more similar segments from your mark. That's what your moon jumps would be like! And all because there is less gravity on the Moon. You will stay in the jump longer and will be able to set a space record. Although, of course, the spacesuit will interfere with your jumping.

Illustration from the book “Fascinating Astronomy”

5. Universe

The only thing we know for sure about our Universe is that it is very, very large. The universe began about 13.7 billion years ago with the Big Bang. Its reason remains one of the most important mysteries of science to this day!

Time passed. The universe expanded in all directions and finally began to take shape. Tiny particles were born from the vortexes of energy. After hundreds of thousands of years, they merged and turned into atoms - the “bricks” that make up everything that we see. At the same time, light appeared and began to move freely in space. But it took hundreds of millions more years before the atoms coalesced into huge clouds from which the first generation of stars was born. As these stars separated into groups to form galaxies, the Universe began to resemble what we see now when we look at the night sky. Now the Universe continues to grow and gets bigger every day!

6. A star is born

Do you think that stars are only visible at night? But no! Our Sun is also a star, but we see it during the day. The Sun is not much different from other stars, it’s just that the other stars are much further from the Earth and therefore seem so small to us.

Stars are formed from clouds of hydrogen gas left over from the Big Bang or from the explosions of other, older stars. Gradually, the force of gravity combines the hydrogen gas into clumps, where it begins to rotate and heat up. This continues until the gas becomes dense and hot enough for the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms to fuse. As a result of this thermonuclear reaction, a flash of light occurs and a star is born.

Illustration from the book “Professor Astrocat and His Journey into Space”

7. Yuri Gagarin

Gagarin was a fighter pilot in the Arctic, then he was selected from hundreds of other military pilots to join the cosmonaut corps. Yuri was an excellent student and was ideal in height, weight and physical fitness. On April 12, 1961, after the famous 108 minutes of flight in space, Gagarin became one of the most famous people in the world.

Illustration from the book “Cosmos”

8. Solar system

The solar system is a very busy place. Eight planets, including our Earth, revolve around the Sun in elliptical (slightly elongated circular) orbits. Another seven are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Venus, Mars and Mercury. The revolution of each planet lasts differently, from 88 days to 165 years.