Council of People's Commissars building. The building of the State Duma of the Russian Federation

At the corner of Tverskaya and Okhotny Ryadya streets there is a huge, majestic building of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. It was this that determined the type of government building for many years to come. Soviet Union. Its facades are strictly symmetrical in logic and structural precision, which makes it possible to talk about the features of the constructivist style. But the monumentality and grandeur of the building refers to the next period of Soviet architecture - Soviet classicism or, as it is sometimes called, the “Stalin Empire”. The building seems to be in the middle, marking the line of transition from one style to another. This is its main feature.

The house, which now houses the lower house of parliament, was built on the site of the famous Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church in Okhotny Ryad. This saint was the patroness of trade and trading people, so it is not surprising that just such a temple appeared next to the most famous Moscow market (Okhotny Ryad). In 1928, the church was destroyed, and in the 1930s, according to the design of architect A.Ya. Langman, the building of the Council of Labor and Defense was erected - the body for managing the economic construction and defense of the USSR. Then, alternately, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the State Planning Committee, which was engaged in planning the development of the national economy, were located here.

Here, for the first time, reinforced concrete pillars with rigid reinforcement, lined with brick, were used. According to some reports, the building was mined in 1941, during the Second World War, and cleared only forty years later - in the 1980s. By luck, the builders discovered inconspicuous wires “going to nowhere.” In the 1990s, the interiors underwent a planned renovation, after which the building housed the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Throughout the entire biography, inside this grandiose “giant” at the beginning of Tverskaya Street there were and are to this day major officials of the Soviet Union and modern Russia.

You need to see the building surrounded by neighboring houses. It performs an important urban planning function: it forms the building lines of two streets and decorates the corner of the block. The central building stretches for one hundred and sixty meters. You need to raise your head as high as possible to see the main decoration - the attic with the coat of arms of the USSR. Another important detail is the opposite below. This is a three-story portal, lined with dark stone. The entire height of the house is decorated with pilasters. The symmetry of the composition is emphasized by powerful vertical pylons supporting an architrave with an attic floor in the center. The monumentality and severity of the forms created an expressive image of the government building.

Coordinates: 55°45′28″ n. w. 37°36′57″ E. d. /  55.75778° N. w. 37.61583° E. d. / 55.75778; 37.61583(G) (I)

Building of the Council of Labor and Defense (Gosplan building) - a building in Moscow at the address Okhotny Ryad Street, building 1. Currently, it houses the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Identified cultural heritage site.

Story

To clear the place for construction, despite the objections of art historians, the restored Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church and the Golitsyn Chambers of the 17th century were demolished, while the nearby Troekurov chambers survived, they are located in the courtyard of the house. The building was built in 1932-1935 according to the design of the architect Arkady Yakovlevich Langman (with the participation of architects S.V. Sergievsky and N.V. Mezier) for the Council of Labor and Defense, which, however, was abolished in 1937. In this year's guide to Moscow, the building is listed as the House of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Afterwards the building belonged to the Council of Ministers of the USSR, then to the State Planning Committee of the USSR.

The architecture of the house influenced the creation of a new look for Moscow, work on which was carried out according to the master plan of 1935. Similar buildings were supposed to form a new road, which was supposed to connect Lubyanka Square and the Palace of the Soviets. Langman's design has long remained the standard for government buildings. The building's plan is symmetrical, with impressive pylons at the edges. Stylistically, the project combines both elements of constructivism (the logic and constructive clarity of the facades), and monumentality and representativeness, features characteristic of Soviet architecture that was moving towards classical trends. The facade of the building is light gray, the cladding on three sides is made of natural, so-called Protopopov stone. The plinth and three entrance arches are made of labradorite and Karelian granite. Under the roof is a stucco coat of arms of the Soviet Union.

From 1994 to the present, the State Duma of the Russian Federation has been operating in the building.

Notes

-Where is he? - said the count, and at the same moment as he said this, he saw from around the corner of the house coming out between two dragoons a young man with a long thin neck, with his head half shaved and overgrown. This young man was dressed in what had once been a dandyish, blue cloth-covered, shabby fox sheepskin coat and dirty prisoner's harem trousers, stuffed into uncleaned, worn-out thin boots. Shackles hung heavily on his thin, weak legs, making it difficult for the young man to walk indecisively.
- A! - said Rastopchin, hastily turning his gaze away from the young man in the fox sheepskin coat and pointing to the bottom step of the porch. - Put it here! “The young man, clanking his shackles, stepped heavily onto the indicated step, holding the collar of his sheepskin coat that was pressing with his finger, turned his long neck twice and, sighing, folded his thin, non-working hands in front of his stomach with a submissive gesture.
Silence continued for several seconds while the young man positioned himself on the step. Only in the back rows of people squeezing into one place were groans, groans, tremors and the tramp of moving feet heard.
Rastopchin, waiting for him to stop at the indicated place, frowned and rubbed his face with his hand.
- Guys! - said Rastopchin in a metallic ringing voice, - this man, Vereshchagin, is the same scoundrel from whom Moscow perished.
A young man in a fox sheepskin coat stood in a submissive pose, clasping his hands together in front of his stomach and bending slightly. His emaciated, hopeless expression, disfigured by his shaved head, was downcast. At the first words of the count, he slowly raised his head and looked down at the count, as if wanting to tell him something or at least meet his gaze. But Rastopchin did not look at him. On the young man’s long thin neck, like a rope, the vein behind the ear became tense and turned blue, and suddenly his face turned red.
All eyes were fixed on him. He looked at the crowd, and, as if encouraged by the expression that he read on the faces of the people, he smiled sadly and timidly and, again lowering his head, adjusted his feet on the step.
“He betrayed his tsar and his fatherland, he handed himself over to Bonaparte, he alone of all Russians disgraced the name of the Russian, and Moscow is perishing from him,” said Rastopchin in an even, sharp voice; but suddenly he quickly looked down at Vereshchagin, who continued to stand in the same submissive pose. As if this look had exploded him, he, raising his hand, almost shouted, turning to the people: “Deal with him with your judgment!” I'm giving it to you!
The people were silent and only pressed each other closer and closer. Holding each other, breathing in this infected stuffiness, not having the strength to move and waiting for something unknown, incomprehensible and terrible became unbearable. The people standing in the front rows, who saw and heard everything that was happening in front of them, all with fearfully wide-open eyes and open mouths, straining all their strength, held back the pressure of those behind them on their backs.
- Beat him!.. Let the traitor die and not disgrace the name of the Russian! - Rastopchin shouted. - Ruby! I command! - Hearing not words, but the angry sounds of Rastopchin’s voice, the crowd groaned and moved forward, but stopped again.
“Count!..” said Vereshchagin’s timid and at the same time theatrical voice amidst the momentary silence that ensued again. “Count, one god is above us...” said Vereshchagin, raising his head, and again the thick vein on his thin neck filled with blood, and the color quickly appeared and ran away from his face. He didn't finish what he wanted to say.
- Chop him! I order!.. - shouted Rastopchin, suddenly turning pale just like Vereshchagin.
- Sabers out! - the officer shouted to the dragoons, drawing his saber himself.
Another even stronger wave swept through the people, and, reaching the front rows, this wave moved the front rows, staggering, and brought them to the very steps of the porch. A tall fellow, with a petrified expression on his face and a stopped raised hand, stood next to Vereshchagin.
- Ruby! - Almost an officer whispered to the dragoons, and one of the soldiers suddenly, with his face distorted with anger, hit Vereshchagin on the head with a blunt broadsword.
"A!" - Vereshchagin cried out briefly and in surprise, looking around in fear and as if not understanding why this was done to him. The same groan of surprise and horror ran through the crowd.

Dedicated to the Day of Historical and Cultural Heritage. Throughout the day, a series of free tours took place along the alley. For those who did not have time to sign up or join additional excursion groups, caretakers stood near each significant building of the alley. The caretakers’ task was to: answer questions, tell those interested information about the entrusted house and provide passers-by with a leaflet with the route and brief information.

The leaflets ran out at lightning speed. As a result, I had to give away my unbound printouts and even almost witnessed a fight for information :)

I was on duty near house No. 9. It’s interesting that people asked completely different questions: from the expected “tell us about this house” to “why here and today?”, they started arguments and even shared information. The event was very positive; it was a real exchange. Of course, they asked tricky questions. Surprisingly, no one asked me the question that I asked myself after reading the materials sent by the organizers. And my question concerned the biography and work of the architect who designed the house. After all, I met his last name somewhere, but I realized that I knew absolutely nothing about him. And I doubt that the majority knows :) But they asked with disbelief a question regarding the authors of some of the quotes that I gave in my mini-lecture.

In general, for those who were unable to take part in this wonderful event, as well as for those who took part but asked other questions, I decided to prepare this post. All sources will be listed here, new information received from passers-by will be added here, errors will be corrected here if I lied to someone about something, and here I will try to resolve disputes that have arisen.

The small plot of land on which house No. 9 now stands previously belonged to the French government. It was planned to erect a 7-story building with a semi-basement and attics - the “House of the French Nation”. The project was ready, and all buildings on the site were demolished. The multi-storey building would include: a consulate, a military attaché's residence, a French theater, an exhibition hall, apartments for consulate secretaries, a residence for distinguished guests, shops, a bar, a cinema and a concert hall, a French pharmacy and clinic, apartments for rent, a hostel for French citizens living temporarily in Moscow. But the events of 1914 prevented the implementation of these plans.

And in 1923, an experimental three-story residential building with several apartments was built on the site according to the design of A. Ya. Langman.
The building is quite unusual: the constructivist laconicism of the volume is combined with details, in the design of which echoes of Art Nouveau architecture can be discerned. On the main facade there are two round bay windows, on the side façade there is a round window - a motif often found in Langmann's works. Unfortunately, it is now difficult to look at the side facades. It is also impossible to see the rear facade, which is almost a copy of the main one - the building is mirrored.

In this house, nicknamed the “Yagodinsky mansion”, according to the memoirs of M.P. Schrader, lived the top of the GPU (State Political Administration under the NKVD of the RSFSR), only a few had access to it, and life in it was shrouded in mystery. However, it is known that in addition to Yagoda, “in the late twenties, the families of the then head of the counterintelligence department of the OGPU Artuzov, the head of the secret department of the OGPU Deribas, and the head of the foreign department Trilisser lived in this house.” Schrader recalls: “most of the OGPU operatives of the late 20s somehow became aware of the luxurious lunches and dinners organized at Yagoda’s apartment, where he, surrounded by his favorites, reveled in his ever-increasing fame. I have never been to the Yagoda mansion, but still in the mid-twenties I heard from the head of the administrative and organizational department of the OGPU Ostrovsky that the head of the construction department of the OGPU Lurie, former neighbor Yagoda, rebuilt the home of the future NKVD chief several times." An old-timer on the site oldmos.ru comments: "On the other side of Militinsky Lane, directly opposite this house, there was a garage for a duty vehicle. I know for certain that G.G. Yagoda lived in this house, and later V.G. Dekanozov, who was shot in the Beria case.”

They say that somewhere from the mid-50s, the house was occupied by Polish foreign trade organizations, and before that, the Polish embassy was located there for several years (before moving to a new building). Now the building contains offices. Many of them belong to Polish companies. Rumor has it that the house is allegedly listed on the balance sheet of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. My partner managed to go inside with the man who works there, for which I thank him very much! It was no longer possible to deceive me - the guard was nervous. The house has high, 4.5-meter ceilings, a grand staircase, and an elevator. Each apartment has a back door.

Judging by the descriptions, the apartments built by Langman for the security officers were good, comfortable and spacious, and for Moscow at that time they were a luxury. In “Architects of Moscow” in the chapter about A. Ya. Langman it is written: “The houses designed by Langman were generally distinguished by their comfort... His houses are remarkable for their respect for human psychology and anthropometry, which is probably only characteristic of experienced architects and thoughtful doctors. Langman designed, as usual, using the method of substitution, transformation for the customer, as for himself. He had a reputation as a professional who was careful and attentive to the wishes of the customer.” This refers to the collective two-volume book “Architects of Moscow. XX Century”, published in 1988 by the publishing house “Moskovsky Rabochiy”. Compiled by: Astafieva-Dlugach M.I., Volchok Yu.P., Zhuravlev A.M.

The phrase “His houses are remarkable for their respect for human psychology and anthropometry” for some reason raised many questions and discussions. And I quoted from the book of the famous Moscow local historian V.B. Muravyov “The Holy Road” (with the source lying) that the architect skillfully used his knowledge of psychology and anthropometry not only for the benefit of people: “one cannot help but note that solitary confinement in prison in the basements of the “Narkomvnudel houses” they were also built taking into account “human psychology and anthropometry.” They are solid stone bags - “boxes” - with a wall-mounted stone bed, but of such a length that it is impossible to stretch out the legs, so a person could not sleep normally and, having fallen asleep, night, by morning he was broken. He did not even have the ability to determine the time of day. There was a steam heating pipe running through the cell, which the jailer could turn on into a disinfectant fryer, and when turned off, Langman was truly both a “psychologist” and “attentive.” to the wishes of the customer by a professional" - his "boxing" effectively had a depressing effect on physical condition, and on the psyche of the arrested person." And... I came across distrust. After all, the building of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs is known to many as the building of the "Russia" Society, built in 1897-1900 according to the design of architects N.M. Proskurnin and A.V. Ivanov. But in September 1919, part of the house was occupied by representatives of the Soviet secret service, represented by the Special Department of the Moscow Cheka, and then by the Central Office of the Cheka. project of Langman and Bezrukov (facing Furkasovsky Lane), at the same time the Internal Prison, located in the courtyard of building 2 since 1920, is being reconstructed." According to the new project, four more floors were added to it. For the prisoners to walk, the architect Langman built six exercise yards with high walls right on the roof of the building. Prisoners were brought here in special elevators or led along flights of stairs." (based on materials from the magazine "Profile" dated January 22, 2001, the official website of the Baltic Center for the Study of Russia Russia Monitor and several other sources)

In general, the personality of the architect Langman is very interesting. It is a pity that there is too little information about him. We managed to find out that the architect came to Moscow from Kharkov in 1922. He quickly got his bearings in the situation and chose a reliable patron in the person of the top of the GPU. Largely due to this, his name can hardly be found among the names of participants in all-Union competitions - he was busy with real construction. And as a result, he took part in the design of about 50 buildings, 21 of them in Moscow. Among them: the building of the Council of Labor and Defense (now the State Duma) in Okhotny Ryad, the Public Building of the Bolshevo Labor Commune of the OGPU (together with L.Z. Cherikover, now a shopping center), the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs Building in Furkasov Lane (together with Bezrukov, now a building complex of buildings of the FSB of the Russian Federation), the Dynamo Sports Society Building (together with Fomin, now an administrative building), the Gostorg Building - “the first Soviet skyscraper” (as part of a group of architects, now an administrative building) and the Dynamo Stadium (together with Cherikover L.Z.). It is noteworthy that Langman became the “departmental architect of the authorities” just after the construction of house No. 9 on Milyutinsky Lane. He is even called "the founder of the KGB style."

And this style turned out to be so strong and bright, energetic, impactful that the Honored Architect of Russia Zoya Kharitonova (who, by the way, is also actively fighting to preserve the appearance of Moscow) believes that if we want a democratic society, the possibility of discussion, then the State Duma must be urgently relocated : “This building was built by the architect Langman in the 30s especially for the State Planning Committee. In the Stalinist style. It contains the power that foreshadowed the beginning of the war. An expressive building, very solid, but at the same time completely closed, undemocratic, and the deputies sealed it even more - the whole block is already subject to their power. It’s wrong that there are old administrative buildings. Soviet period institutions of a democratic state are located. Freedom of discussion, freedom of speech, freedom of decision-making is impossible there."

Langman himself lived in a cooperative house of architects and builders in Maly Levshinsky Lane, built in the 30-40s. according to his project with Schneider.

This is what our information stand looked like:

Finally, a few words about the promotion itself. Organizers of the event:
social movement ArchNadzor- voluntary non-profit association citizens who want to contribute to the preservation of historical monuments, landscapes and views of the city of Moscow. More details about the goals and main directions of the movement can be found in the manifesto.

Moscow that doesn't exist- historical and cultural project about old Moscow. About goals - .

The action was supported by a magazine about leisure in Moscow - Time Out.

There is no particular reason for choosing Milyutinsky Lane as the route for the action. In addition, perhaps, it was in this lane, in house number 19, that the public movement ArchNadzor was founded several years ago.

(c) when writing this text, materials sent by the organizers of the “Open Air Museum” event were also used.

The majestic palaces of the Soviet era may disappear from the face of the center of Moscow. On the site of the State Duma and Federation Council buildings, businessman Mikhail Gutseriev planned to build a shopping center and a residential building. How many times have these premises with a rich past and difficult fate changed their inhabitants, but no one has ever thought of sending them for demolition. Meanwhile, Arkhnadzor is sounding the alarm - the buildings are historical.

In 2019, deputies and senators will move to the new parliamentary center in Nizhny Mnevniki. The tender for its construction was received by the development companies Inteko and Mospromstroy, owned by Mikhail Gutseriev.

Construction of the parliamentary center should start next year. In compensation, Gutseriev will receive the buildings of the Duma and the Federation Council. The businessman does not hide his plans for the future of parliamentary buildings. “We are building with our own funds, so everything will be demolished,” said Gutseriev. – In place of the State Duma there will be a large, modern hotel. Maybe a shopping center. In place of the Federation Council there is housing.”

Even before Gutseriev’s statement, Vladimir Resin, a member of the State Duma Committee on Land Relations and Construction, suggested that the buildings would be demolished: “Who would leave the day before yesterday on such “golden” land? He will build modern buildings."

Limestone from the Cathedral of Christ the Savior

The Duma is located in two buildings - old and new, connected by a passage. The old building, located at Okhotny Ryad, building 1, was erected in 1932–1935 according to the design of the architect Arkady Langman. Initially, the house was built for the Council of Labor and Defense, but then it changed several owners. First, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, then the State Planning Committee, lived there. The decoration used Protopopovsky limestone, which was mined in the vicinity of Kolomna on the Oka, and the facing slabs were made from slabs from the destroyed Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

In 1967, on the side of Georgievsky Lane, another building was erected from glass and concrete, which later went to the State Duma. Several years ago, a commission on urban planning activities in the historical center of Moscow met at the Moscow City Hall. Most of the meeting participants, including the chairman of the commission, deputy mayor Marat Khusnullin, spoke in favor of assigning the status of an architectural monument to the Duma building.

Even more fascinating is the history of the Federation Council building on Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 26. According to numerous rumors, a gypsy curse hangs over it. Previously, there was a gypsy theater on this site, which was evicted for the construction of a building for the USSR State Construction Committee. And indeed, not a single organization stayed at Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 26 for long. Gosstroy sat there from 1983 to 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was replaced by the apparatus of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1992, the building was transferred to the House of the Russian Press, created by decree of President Boris Yeltsin. The then director of the DRP, Grigory Berkhin, mindful of the rumors, brought a priest to consecrate the building. But this did not help either - the gypsy curse turned out to be stronger. In 1994, Yeltsin needed to seat the upper house of parliament somewhere, and the choice fell on the DRP building. The fate of the new government in this regard immediately caused understandable concern among many. TASS correspondent Tamara Ivanova then specifically called the Romen Theater to find out if the rumors about the gypsy curse were true. “Yes, we cursed and continue to curse,” came the answer.

In this regard, the experiments carried out by the executive branch over the Federation Council are explained. Either governors or senators sat in it, who, in turn, were either elected in direct elections or confirmed on the proposal of the president. Now they are choosing again. But, be that as it may, it cannot be denied that the Federation Council lasted on Dmitrovka much longer than its predecessors. And now the building is destined for demolition with the subsequent development of the damned place by elite residents. These will probably be the most desperate and risky people.

How much cultural sites?

How much is the legacy of the Soviet era worth in dollar terms? The director of the capital markets department at Colliers International, Sayan Tsyrenov, estimates the Duma building at $300–400 million, and the Federation Council building at $200–250 million. Partner in the development and planning group at Cushman & Wakefield, Ilya Kuznetsov, believes that Gutseriev’s projects could cost about 30 billion rubles.

The businessman may eventually have to sell the buildings, since there may be problems with their demolition. “The projects are extremely complex both technically and legally,” says Mikhail Yakubov, head of consulting for development projects at JLL. – This was shown by the experience of implementing the Moscow Hotel. You need to understand that all possible structures, including the Federal Security Service and the officials themselves, will be involved in the coordination of development projects on the site of the State Duma and the Federation Council, and it will go in all possible directions, including in terms of historical heritage.”

It's hard to disagree with the expert. The coordinator of the public association "Arkhnadzor" Konstantin Mikhailov has already reminded that the Duma building on Okhotny Ryad is an officially protected cultural heritage site, and the Federation Council also lives in a historical mansion. According to Mikhailov, when concluding investment contracts, “state authorities are simply obliged to comply with the legislation on cultural heritage.”

Opinions

Mikhail Poltoranin, former Deputy Prime Minister and First Minister of Press of the Russian Federation, writer:

– Now is not the time to build houses for parliamentarians, especially since they are of no use to the people now. But if they vacate two historical buildings in the center of Moscow, then nothing needs to be demolished, especially for new hotels. It would be right to hand over the former State Planning Committee, which now houses the Duma, to the control bodies. For example, revive popular control to fight corruption.

The Federation Council building must be returned to the House of Russian Press. It was a good idea and it happened. We gave the former Gosstroy to the editorial offices of socially significant media - there were about 40 of them: “Russian Disabled”, “ Social protection", "Echo of Moscow", a wonderful children's newspaper "Glagol" with the Young Reporter Studio. The most significant journalists, politicians, scientists, artists came here every Saturday to future journalists - from Vlad Listyev and Vasily Selyunin to Mikhail Gorbachev and Grigory Yavlinsky. The guys, who received a powerful intellectual and moral impulse, have already begun to set the tone in the Russian media today. It is necessary to return the DRP to its former areas. The institutions of democracy created in the 90s are now needed by the country like air. Without them we will continue to stall.

What is the parliamentary center in Mnevniki?

The idea of ​​relocation arose among deputies and officials back in 2006. At first they planned to move the parliament to the Krasnaya Presnya area. Dmitry Medvedev took up this topic again in 2012, still at the rank of president. He suggested that the government, the Duma and the Federation Council think about moving to the territory of New Moscow. For a cluster of government buildings, the authorities looked at the village of Kommunarka, 5 kilometers from the Moscow Ring Road. But the parliamentarians did not want to become “backbenchers,” which they collectively reported in a letter addressed to the president. There were other options, but in the end the Mnevniki won. Last September, the Moscow Urban Planning Commission approved the plan to create a parliamentary center. Its area will be 345 thousand sq. square meters. Now there is a concrete plant on this site, and illegally. And not only him. There are 36 unauthorized landfills operating throughout the floodplain, the clearance of which is also included in the action plan approved by the commission.

Building of the Council of Labor and Defense(later the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the State Planning Committee of the USSR, now the State Duma of the Russian Federation) (Okhotny Ryad Street, 6). Erected in 193235 according to the design of the architect A.Ya. Langman, who won a closed competition in 1933. The powerful volume of the building, located on the corner of Okhotny Ryad and Tverskaya Street, led to a change in the scale of the surrounding buildings. According to the reconstruction plan, he opened Ilyich Alley leading to the Palace of the Soviets that was being designed. The main 10 x 12-story building, stretching for 160 m, is decorated along the façade with relief pilasters the full height of the building, a three-story portal and an attic with the Coat of Arms of the USSR. The building has a rational and simple plan - a central corridor with workrooms on the sides and three staircase halls. In a separate volume adjacent to the courtyard facade, behind the main staircase, three meeting rooms are located one above the other. For the exterior cladding of the building, limestone was used, taken from the rubble of the bombed Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The new building, on the side of Georgievsky Lane, was built in 1967 according to the design of the architect L.N. Pavlova. In 199495, the building's interiors underwent reconstruction.

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From the book Correspondence of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR with the Presidents of the USA and Prime Ministers of Great Britain during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. author Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

No. 161 TO MARSHAL J.V. STALIN, CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS AND PEOPLE'S COMMISSAR FOR DEFENSE Dear Marshal Stalin, I am writing you this letter to introduce you to Air Marshal Sir John Babington, who now assumes the position of head of the section

From the book 100 Great Sights of Moscow author Myasnikov senior Alexander Leonidovich

The building of the Board of Trustees on Solyanka This building in the Empire style from the moment its construction was completed was called the decoration of Solyanka Street, and then of this entire historical district of the city. Solyanka Street is located on the site of the ancient road from the Kremlin to Vladimir, Suzdal,

author History Author unknown -

No. 3 RESOLUTION OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE CPSU Central Committee “ON THE CREATION OF THE DEFENSE COUNCIL OF THE UNION SSR” P106/III February 7, 1955 To approve the presented draft resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the creation of the Defense Council USSR 1 Create the Defense Council of the USSR as a permanent one

No. 4 RESOLUTION OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE CPSU Central Committee “ON THE CREATION OF A MILITARY COUNCIL UNDER THE DEFENSE COUNCIL OF THE UNION SSR”

From the book by Georgy Zhukov. Transcript of the October (1957) plenum of the CPSU Central Committee and other documents author History Author unknown -

No. 4 RESOLUTION OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE CPSU Central Committee “ON THE CREATION OF A MILITARY COUNCIL UNDER THE DEFENSE COUNCIL OF THE USSR” P106/IV February 7, 19551 Create the Military Council as an advisory body under the Defense Council of the USSR2 Approve the following composition of the Military Council Chairman Zhukov GK Members

No. 30 NOTE G.K. ZHUKOV IN THE CPSU Central Committee ABOUT THE ABOLITION OF THE MILITARY COUNCIL UNDER THE USSR DEFENSE COUNCIL

From the book by Georgy Zhukov. Transcript of the October (1957) plenum of the CPSU Central Committee and other documents author History Author unknown -

No. 30 NOTE G.K. ZHUKOV IN THE CPSU Central Committee ON THE ABOLITION OF THE MILITARY COUNCIL UNDER THE USSR DEFENSE COUNCIL May 15, 1956 Top SecretBy Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated February 9, 1955 No. 230–140 cc, the Military Council was created under the USSR Defense Council, as

Appendix No. 2 Resolution of the administrative meeting of the Council of Labor and Defense

From the book Mobilization Preparation of the National Economy of the USSR author Melia Alexey Alexandrovich

Appendix No. 2 Resolution of the administrative meeting of the Council of Labor and Defense “On the removal from enemy-threatened areas of valuable property, institutions, enterprises and human contingents” The Council of Labor and Defense decides: To approve the following Regulations on

From the book Gustav Mannerheim in 90 minutes author Medvedko Yuri

Chairman of the Defense Council In 1931, Senator Svinhufvud was elected to the post of President of Finland. Having assumed office on March 1, new president the very next day he invited the general to his place and complained that he could govern the state, but he could not conduct military actions

From the book Lisbon. Guide by Bergmann Jurgen

The Lisbon Municipal Council building (C?mara Municipal) (24), also called the Council House (Pa?os do Conselho), hides richly decorated rooms behind the walls of its austere neoclassical façade. The marble grand staircase is festively illuminated by several chandeliers,

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia(CO) by the author TSB

14. DECISION OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE USSR, THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE USSR AND THE CPSU(B) Central Committee ON THE FORMATION OF THE STATE DEFENSE COMMITTEE

From the book Great Patriotic War Soviet people(in the context of World War II) author Krasnova Marina Alekseevna

14. DECISION OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE USSR, THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE USSR AND THE Central Committee of the CPSU (B) ON THE FORMATION OF THE STATE DEFENSE COMMITTEE June 30, 1941 In view of the current state of emergency and in order to quickly mobilize all the forces of the peoples of the USSR to carry out

Summary of responses on the question of attitude towards Vichy sent to General de Gaulle by members of the council, compiled by the Secretary of the Council of Defense of the Empire Rene Cassin London, February 1941

From the book Military Memoirs. Conscription, 1940–1942 author Gaulle Charles de

Summary of responses on the question of attitude towards Vichy sent to General de Gaulle by members of the council, compiled by the Secretary of the Council of Defense of the Empire Rene Cassin London, February 1941 I. Summary of answers to the first question: attitude towards the Vichy government at the present time.1) General

From the book Military Memoirs. Conscription, 1940–1942 author Gaulle Charles de

Decree on the composition of the Defense Council of the French Empire General de Gaulle, Head of the Free French, Chairman of the National Committee, Based on Decree No. 1 of October 27, 1940 on the organization of state power during the war; Based on Decree No. 16 of