Battle of Stalingrad August 23, 1942. Notifications

On August 19, Nazi troops resumed their offensive, striking in the general direction of Stalingrad. The enemy managed to cross the Don and by the end of August 23 reached the Volga north of Stalingrad.

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tragedy of the civilian population of Stalingrad."

Goals: to cultivate a sense of patriotism, pride for one’s country and compatriots; expand students' understanding of Battle of Stalingrad, heroism Soviet people; cultivate respect for the older generation and war monuments.

Writing epigraphs for class on the board:

On the old, dear to us Earth

There is a lot of courage. It

Not in the comfort, freedom and warmth,

Not born in a cradle...

K. Simonov

There are no heroes from birth,

They are born in battles.

A. Tvardovsky

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS HOUR.

1. Org moment.

Goals

1. Opening remarks

From birth I have not seen the earth

No siege, no such battle,

The earth shook

And the fields turned red,

Everything was burning over the Volga River.

In the heat, factories, houses, train stations,

Dust on the steep bank.

Don't hand over the city to the enemy.

Russian soldier faithful to the oath,

He defended Stalingrad.

The time will come - the smoke will clear,

The thunder of war will fall silent,

Taking off my hat when meeting him,

The people will say about him:

This is an iron Russian soldier,

He defended Stalingrad.

1. Chronology of events on August 23, 1942

Teacher:

On August 19, Nazi troops resumed their offensive, striking in the general direction of Stalingrad. The enemy managed to cross the Don and by the end of August 23 reached the Volga north of Stalingrad.

August 23, 1942 is one of the most terrible and tragic dates of the Battle of Stalingrad.

Student 1: Many Stalingrad residents remember the warm morning of that Sunday. The day before, residents heard on the radio that fighting was taking place in the Don bend. Such messages have been transmitted for more than a month. We got used to them. To residents who did not know the combat situation on the Don, it seemed that the front had stopped. In the morning, the workers, as always, stood watch at the open-hearth furnaces, assembly lines, and machine tools. The doors of the shops opened. New movie posters have appeared.

Student 2: But the situation changed rapidly that day.
In the afternoon, the 14th German Tank Corps broke through our defenses and reached the Volga on the northern outskirts of Stalingrad. Mortal danger loomed over Stalingrad. In those days, our divisions were still tens of kilometers from the city, occupying lines along the entire bend of the Don. There was a threat of encirclement.

Student 3: In those hours, events took place that became the prologue to the great battle, when fighting would begin for every meter of Stalingrad land.
The German armada reached the Volga 3 kilometers from the tractor plant that produced the famous T-34 tanks. Now only tanks prepared for sending to the front and work detachments could delay the advance of the Germans along the streets of Stalingrad.

Student 4: In a short time, militia detachments were formed from among the workers of the tractor plant to defend Stalingrad. All tanks were brought to the battle line, tank crews were formed from workers, mostly women. Militia detachments left each workshop.

Student 5: Next to the militia, cadets of a military school, a regiment of the NKVD division, and a detachment of marines took up defensive positions. After the war, the report of General von Witersheim, which he sent to Commander Paulus, about the first battles on the Volga will be published:“The Red Army units are counterattacking, relying on the support of the population of Stalingrad, who are showing exceptional courage. The population has taken up arms; dead workers lie on the battlefield in their overalls, clutching a rifle or pistol. Dead men in work clothes froze in the turrets of broken tanks. We've never seen anything like this before."

Student 6: At the same time that German tanks reached the outskirts of Stalingrad, hundreds of German planes took off from the airfields. An entire city was sentenced to destruction.

This barbaric order was carried out by the powerful 4th Air Fleet of the Wehrmacht. In even rows, as if at a parade in the sky, German planes were approaching residential areas. An air raid warning was declared in Stalingrad, and there would be no all-clear. Since our troops were not yet stationed in the city, the air action was directed against the population. Explosions destroyed roofs and ceilings of houses and destroyed walls. People died under boulders, fell struck by shrapnel, and suffocated in littered earthen shelters. The carpet bombings used a system that could only have been born from the logic and imagination of the true killers. Descending over the streets, where there were many wooden houses, the pilots poured out incendiary bombs in sheaves. High-explosive bombs were thrown into the flaring fires. The explosions from them scattered burning fragments of logs and roofs, and the fire spread to neighboring streets. During low-level flight, the “blond beasts” of the Luftwaffe shot people running along them from machine guns.Marshal A.I. Eremenko subsequently wrote:“We had to go through a lot during the war, but what we saw on August 23, 1942 in Stalingrad struck us like a terrible nightmare. Explosions were constantly going up among the city buildings, and streams of burning oil were rushing from the oil storage area to the river. It seemed as if the Volga was burning.”

Student 7:

Here in the streets and squares

The battle rumbles;

Hot blood mixed

With Volga water;

Blackened in the smoke of fires

The city is young.

Never before has there been danger

Wasn't more formidable.

And decides the fate of the world

The battle of these days.

1. Discussion of the video “August 23, 1942”

Not since the beginning of World War II, with its many destructions, has the world seen such a disaster.On this day, enemy aircraft launched a massive attack on Stalingrad, carrying out about 2 thousand sorties. The city was turned into ruins, over 40 thousand civilians died. On August 25, 1942, by order of the Military Council of the Front, Stalingrad was declared under a state of siege. To provide practical assistance to the fronts in the Stalingrad area, Headquarters sends General G.K. Zhukov, appointed on August 27 to the post of Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

1. Memoirs of Stalingrad residents.

Student 8:

What’s his name, I forgot to ask him.

About ten or twelve years old. Bedovy,

Of those who are the leaders of children,

From those in the front-line towns

They greet us like dear guests.

The car is surrounded in parking lots,

Carrying water to them in buckets is not difficult,

Bring soap and towel to the tank

And unripe plums are shoved...

There was a battle going on outside. The enemy fire was terrible,

We made our way forward to the square.

And he nails - you can’t look out of the towers, -

And the devil will understand where he’s hitting from.

Here, guess which house is behind

He settled down - there were so many holes,

And suddenly a boy ran up to the car:

Comrade commander, comrade commander!

I know where their gun is. I scouted...

I crawled up, they were over there in the garden...

But where, where?.. - Let me go

On the tank with you. I'll give it straight away.

Well, no fight awaits. - Get in here, buddy! -

And so the four of us roll to the place.

The boy is standing - mines, bullets are whistling,

And only the shirt has a bubble.

We've arrived. - Right here. - And from a turn

We go to the rear and give full throttle.

And this gun, along with the crew,

We sank into loose, greasy black soil.

I wiped off the sweat. Smothered by fumes and soot:

There was a big fire going from house to house.

And I remember I said: “Thank you, lad!” -

And he shook hands like a comrade...

It was a difficult fight. Everything now is as if from sleep,

And I just can’t forgive myself:

From thousands of faces I would recognize the boy,

But what’s his name, I forgot to ask him.

Student 9: According to the recollections of many “children of wartime Stalingrad,” Sunday, August 23, 1942, was warm and sunny. There was great activity in the city center - shops and markets were open, citizens were relaxing in the parks; Military and police officers worked on the central streets, preparing a place for the passage of military equipment... A few minutes after the chief of staff for the air defense of Stalingrad spoke about the expected massive raid of German aviation, a reconnaissance plane "Rama" appeared over the city center. He threw away a huge number of leaflets and turned back.

Student 10: At 16:18, according to eyewitnesses, an increasing rumble was heard. German planes flew in large groups in strict order.From the memoirs of Yu. Anikin (at that time a 13-year-old schoolboy): “Standing on the tram ring, I saw with my own eyes how fascist vultures brazenly flew along the city towards the factories, in groups, at intervals of several minutes. High-explosive and incendiary bombs (25 pieces each in self-expanding boxes), pieces of rails, empty iron barrels with holes rained down on the city, creating a terrifying screech, howl, and roar. Powerful explosions of heavy bombs constantly shook the earth and air.”

Student 11: Horror-stricken people, according to their stories, tried to hide in the first shelters they came across. They took refuge in hastily dug small dugouts, trenches, crevices, and basements. Everything around began to burn: houses, streets, the city. The oil refineries on the shore were also burning, and because of the burning oil slicks, it seemed that the Volga was also on fire.

In the hope of salvation, people tried to get to the crossing across the Volga, but once there, many turned back, realizing that it was simply impossible to evacuate. A small section of the crossing was used by the military; the wounded and children were rarely transported. It was possible to get on the barge only after going through a hellish crush.

Student 12: “The crowd of people, crushing each other, began to climb onto the barge along the gangplank. And when the pier collapsed under us, I mechanically grabbed my hands into the trousers of the man in front, who was holding a small child in his arms, but he himself managed to hold on to the gangway with one hand. Then somehow he contrived to take a penknife out of his pocket and cut out those parts of the trousers that I was holding on to. With these scraps in my hands, having lost consciousness from fear, I went to the bottom... I woke up on the shore among the same “drowned people” as me... having already climbed the steep bank, we heard the rumble of an airplane... And when we looked towards the Volga, the barge itself was on fire bright flame, like the people from it, floundering in a spilled oil puddle", - recalled Nina Prokofievna Mazurova.

Student 13: Some tried to cross on their own, but under constant shelling and bombing, almost everyone died. Thus, the main escape route was cut off. Children and adults returned back to the nightmare of August 23rd.

Student 14: From Memories Bylushkin Boris Aleksandrovich.

Bylushkin Alexander Vasilievich

I, Boris Aleksandrovich Bylushkin, was born in the city of Stalingrad on February 24, 1933.

From my memories...

Village of the Barrikada plant. In 1942, in the second half of August, there was the most brutal and massive bombing of the plant in the daytime, and of the village from morning until evening. All night - shelling from artillery guns and mortars. At that time I was 9 years old, but I remember all the events of the war years very well. On August 24, 1942, the Barrikada plant burned heavily; on that day, for the first time in a long time of separation, I saw my father (Alexander Vasilyevich Bylushkin, born 1902) near the house, he was with a group of workers. Before that, my father spent time at the factory, repairing tanks and small arms for them. His mother and two sisters died in the ruins of two-story houses in the village. On August 25-26, the father and a group of workers went to the city center to railway station, and I stayed with the neighbors who survived, Uncle Grisha and Aunt Dusya Tregubov. They had two daughters - Zina and Valya, and I was the third. They didn't let me go. Near our houses there were 4 large cannons, from which the military fired all day long.

North-eastern outskirts of Stalingrad. It was interesting for us to watch and listen to everything happening around us. Once a day a car arrived - a lorry, into which we boys happily threw spent shell casings into the back. For this, the Red Army soldiers treated us to porridge and gave us a piece of bread. It turns out that we are also defenders of Stalingrad.

On August 26, Aunt Dusya and I went to the city center to meet my father and find out what we should do next? The city at that time was a real hell - continuous fires and smoke all around. We walked along the tram route past Mamayev Kurgan. We tried to get through as quickly as possible. It was unsafe to walk, since all sorts of objects flew to us in a straight line at a distance of 1 km and from Mamayev Kurgan. But everything worked out. In the green park we met Red Army soldiers who told us that there was such a group of workers, but it was yesterday, i.e. On August 25, 1942, she was sent to Mokraya Mechetka. Since then I have not seen my father again. We returned back and safely crossed this dangerous section past Mamayev Kurgan, which was crossed every day either by the Germans or by ours. It was a "meat grinder".

Student 15: There was a constant stream of planes overhead, hell all around: fires, soot, dust, the stench from burnt human bodies... The huge bonfire of the burning city was visible for tens of kilometers around.

Only after midnight the fascist air attacks stopped. On this day, more than 40 thousand civilians died (according to the calculations of the Soviet command), on this day the childhood of thousands of Stalingrad children ended...

Student 16:

Open to the steppe wind,

The houses are broken.

Sixty-two kilometers

Stalingrad stretches out in length.

It's like he's on the blue Volga

He turned around in a chain and took the fight,

He stood front across Russia -

And he covered it all with himself!

1. Results.

Guys, many years have passed since the Battle of Stalingrad, but we honor the memory of the fallen and bow to the living.

Let us bow to those great years,

To all our commanders and soldiers,

To all the country's marshals and privates,

Let us bow to both the dead and the living.

To all those whom we must not forget,

Let's bow, bow, friends.

The whole world, all the people, the whole earth

Let us bow down for that Great Battle.

That's our class hour finished.

Vasily Grossman. "For a just cause"

“Stalingrad has become a symbol of courage, resilience of the Russian people and at the same time a symbol of the greatest human suffering. This symbol will remain for centuries." (British Prime Minister Winston Churchill)

On August 23, 1942, 75 years ago, Stalingrad was subjected to a barbaric bombardment. For Hitler, the capture of Stalingrad meant not only the achievement of important strategic results, the disruption of communications between north and south, and the disruption of communications between the central regions of Russia and the Caucasus.
The capture of Stalingrad not only determined the possibility of a wide invasion to the northeast, bypassing Moscow in depth, and to the south, to achieve the final goals of the geo-expansion of the Third Empire. The capture of Stalingrad was a foreign policy task - its solution could determine important changes and the position of Japan and Turkey.
The capture of Stalingrad was an internal political task - its fall would strengthen Hitler’s position within Germany and would be a real sign of the final victory promised to the German people in June 1941.
The fall of Stalingrad would be the atonement for the failed blitzkrieg, which was supposed to end, according to the Fuhrer's promise, eight weeks after the start of the invasion of Russia. The fall of Stalingrad would justify the defeats at Moscow, Rostov, Tikhvin and the terrible winter casualties that shocked the German people.
The fall of Stalingrad would strengthen Germany's power over its satellites and would paralyze the voices of disbelief and criticism.
Hitler's demand: “Stalingrad muss fallen!” (“Stalingrad must be destroyed!”) was born from other reasons, more compelling than the reality of the battlefields. That's what he wanted!

Hitler raised his bloody ax over Stalingrad. The first planes appeared at about four o'clock in the afternoon. From the east, from the Volga region, to the city on high altitude There were six bombers. As soon as the German vehicles, having passed over the Burkovsky farm, began to approach the Volga, a whistle was heard and explosions immediately rumbled - smoke and chalk dust rose above the bomb-damaged buildings. The planes were clearly visible in the transparent air. The sun was shining, thousands of window panes sparkled in its rays, and people, raising their heads, watched how quickly they went west German planes.
Someone's young voice shouted loudly:
- These are crazy people who broke through, you see, they don’t even announce the alarm.
And immediately sirens, steamship and factory whistles began to wail with dull force. This cry, broadcasting misfortune and death, hung over the city, as if it conveyed the melancholy that gripped the population. It was the voice of the entire city - not only people, but all buildings, cars, stone, poles, grass and trees in parks, wires, tram rails - the cry of the living and inanimate, gripped by a premonition of destruction. The rusty iron throat alone could give rise to this sound, equally expressing the bird's horror and melancholy human heart. And then silence came - the last silence of Stalingrad.
The planes came from the east, from the Volga region, from the south, from Sarepta and Beketovka, from the west, from Kalach and Karpovka, from the north, from Erzovka and Rynok - their black bodies moved easily. Among the cirrus clouds in blue sky, and like hundreds poisonous insects Having escaped from their secret nests, they sought the desired victim. The sun, in its divine ignorance, touched its rays to the wings of the creatures, and they sparkled with milky whiteness - and in this resemblance of the wings of the Junkers to white moths there was something languishing, blasphemous.
The hum of the engines became stronger, viscous, thicker. All the sounds of the city faded, shrank, and only the humming sound thickened, filled, darkened, conveying in its slow monotony the frantic power of the engines. The sky was covered with sparks of anti-aircraft explosions, gray heads of smoky dandelions, and angry flying insects quickly glided among them.... The Germans walked several floors high, occupying the entire blue volume of the summer sky...
Having met over Stalingrad, the planes, coming from the east and the west, from the north and south, began to descend, and it seemed that they were descending because the summer sky sagged, subsided from the weight of metal and explosives reaching to the ground. This is how the skies sag under heavy clouds full of dark rain.
And a new, third sound appeared over the city - the drilling whistle of dozens and hundreds of high-explosive bombs coming off the planes, the screech of thousands and tens of thousands of incendiary bombs rushing from open cassettes. This sound, which lasted three or four seconds, permeated all living things, and the hearts sank in melancholy, the hearts of those who were destined to die in a moment with this melancholy, and the hearts of those who survived. The whistling grew and became more intense.
Everyone heard him! And women running down the street from the melting lines to their homes, where their children were waiting for them. And those who managed to take refuge in deep basements, separated from the sky by thick stone ceilings. And those who fell on the asphalt among the squares and streets. And those who jumped into the cracks in the gardens and pressed their heads to the dry earth. And the wounded, who were lying on the operating tables at that moment, and the babies, demanding their mother's milk. The bombs reached the ground and crashed into the city.
Houses died just like people die. Some, thin, tall, fell to the side, killed on the spot, others, squat, stood trembling and staggering, with their chests torn apart, suddenly revealing what was always hidden: portraits on the walls, sideboards, night tables, double beds, jars of millet, half-peeled potatoes on the table covered with ink-smeared oilcloth. Bent exposed water pipes, iron beams in interfloor ceilings, strands of wires. Red bricks, smoking with dust, piled up on the pavements. Thousands of houses were blinded, and window glass paved the sidewalks with small, shiny scales of fragments.
Under the blows of the blast waves, massive tram wires fell to the ground with a ringing and grinding sound, and the mirrored glass of shop windows flowed out of the frames, as if turned into liquid. Tram rails, hunched over, crawled out of the asphalt. And at the whim of the blast wave, a blue plywood kiosk stood indestructibly, where they sold sparkling water, a tin arrow-sign “go here” hung, and a fragile telephone booth glistened with glass.
Everything that had been motionless for centuries - stones and iron - was moving rapidly, and everything into which man had invested the idea and forces of movement - trams, cars, buses, steam locomotives - all of this stopped. Lime and brick dust rose thickly in the air, fog rose over the city and spread down the Volga.
The flames of fires caused by tens of thousands of incendiary bombs began to flare up... In the smoke, dust, fire, amid the roar that shook the sky, water and earth, a huge city perished. This picture was terrible, and yet more terrible was the look of a six-year-old man, crushed by an iron beam, fading into death. There is a force that can raise huge cities from the dust, but there is no force in the world that could lift light eyelashes over the eyes of a dead child.
Only those who were on the left bank of the Volga, ten to fifteen kilometers from Stalingrad, in the area of ​​the Burkovsky farm, Verkhnyaya Akhtuba, Yam, Tumak and Gypsy Zarya, could see the whole picture of the fire as a whole and measure the enormity of the misfortune that befell the city.
Hundreds of bomb explosions merged into a monotonous roar, and the cast-iron weight of this roar made the earth in the Volga region tremble, the windows of wooden houses tinkled, and the foliage on the oak trees moved. The lime fog that rose over the city covered tall buildings and the Volga like a white sheet, stretched for tens of kilometers, crawled towards Stalgres, the ship repair plant, Beketovka and Krasnoarmeysk. Gradually the whiteness of the fog disappeared, mixing with the yellow-gray smoky haze of the fires.
From a distance it was clearly visible how the fire burning over one building connected with the neighboring fire, how entire streets were burning, and how in the end the fire of the burning streets merged into one wall, living and moving. In some places, tall pillars like towers rose above this wall, which stood above the right bank of the Volga, domes and fiery bell towers swelled. They sparkled with red, pure gold, smoky copper, as if a new city of flame had grown over Stalingrad.
The Volga was smoking along the banks. Black soot smoke and flames slid across the water - it was the fuel leaking onto the water from the broken tanks that was burning. And the smoke rose many miles in clouds. This cloud grew and, washed away by the steppe winds, began to creep across the sky, and many weeks later smoke hung over dozens of steppe miles around Stalingrad, and the swollen, bloodless sun walked its way among the white haze.
At dusk, the flames of the burning city were seen by women walking from the south to Raigorod with sacks of grain, and by ferrymen at the crossing in Svetly Yar. The reflections of the fire were noticed by old Kazakhs traveling to Elton on carts; their camels, sticking out their slobbering lips and stretching out their dirty swan necks, looked back to the east. From the north, fishermen saw the light in Dubovka and Gornaya Proleika. From the west, the fire was observed by officers from the headquarters of Colonel General Paulus who had gone to the banks of the Don. They smoked and silently looked at the light spot flickering roundly in the dark sky.
Many people saw a glow in the night. What did it say, whose death, whose triumph?

The power of the disaster was enormous, and all living things, as happens during forest and steppe fires, earthquakes, mountain collapses and floods, sought to leave the dying city. Birds were the first to leave Stalingrad - jackdaws flew scatteredly, hugging low to the water, to the left bank of the Volga; overtaking them, gray sparrows flew in flocks of gray, sometimes elastically stretching, sometimes shrinking.
Large rats, who must have not come out of their secret deep holes for years, felt the heat of the fire and the vibrations of the soil, crawled out of the basements of food warehouses and grain barns, rushed around in confusion for several moments, blinded and deafened, and, driven by instinct, dragging their tails and fat gray hairs. butts, crawled towards the water, climbed along planks and ropes onto barges and half-submerged steamers standing off the shore.
Dogs with crazy, dull eyes jumped out of the smoke and dust, rolled down the slope and threw themselves into the water, swam towards Krasnaya Sloboda and Tumak.
But white and gray pigeons, with a force even more powerful than the instinct of self-preservation, chained to their homes, circled over the burning houses and, caught in the current of hot air, died in smoke and flame.
The woman, raising her hands to the cruel, growling sky, shouted:
-What are you doing, villains, what are you doing?
Human suffering! Will future centuries remember him? It will not remain, just as the stones of huge houses and the glory of warriors will remain; it - tears and whispers, the last breaths and wheezes of the dying, the cry of despair and pain - everything will disappear along with the smoke and dust that the wind carried over the steppe.

At eight o'clock in the evening, the commander of the Fourth Air Fleet, Manfred von Richthofen, took off in a twin-engine military aircraft to assess what had been done.
From a height of four and a half thousand meters, a picture of a huge catastrophe, illuminated by the setting sun, was visible. The hot air raised white smoke, cleared of soot, into the air; This smoke, bleached by the height, lay in the heights like a wavy veil, it was difficult to distinguish it from light clouds; below it breathed, rose, boiled, a heavy, swirling, sometimes black, sometimes ashen, sometimes red smoke ball.
It seemed like the largest himalayan mountain Gaurizankar slowly and heavily rose from the womb of the earth, protruding millions of pounds of hot, dense piebald and red ores. Every now and then a hot, copper flame burst from the depths of the colossal cauldron, shooting sparks thousands of meters away, and it seemed that a cosmic catastrophe was being presented to the eyes.
Occasionally the ground became visible, small black mosquitoes darting about, but dense smoke instantly swallowed up this view. The Volga and the steppe were shrouded in a hazy fog, and the river and the land in the fog seemed gray and wintry. Far to the east lay the flat steppes of Kazakhstan. A gigantic fire burned almost at the very border of these steppes.
The commander said abruptly:
– ....They will see on Mars... Beelzebub’s work...
The fascist general, with his stony, slavish heart, at those moments felt the power of the man who led him to this terrible height, put in his hands the torch with which German aviation lit a fire on the last frontier between East and West, showed the way to tanks and infantry to the Volga and the huge Stalingrad factories.
These minutes and hours seemed to be the highest triumph of the inexorable “total” idea, the idea of ​​​​violence of motors and trinitrotoluene against the women and children of Stalingrad. To the fascist pilots, hovering over the Stalingrad cauldron of smoke and flame, it seemed that these minutes and these hours marked the triumph of German violence over the world, promised by Hitler.
Forever defeated seemed to them those who, suffocating in smoke, in basements, pits, shelters, among the red-hot ruins, houses turned to dust, listened in horror to the triumphant and ominous hum of the bombers reigning over Stalingrad.
But no! In the fateful hours of the death of the huge city, something truly great happened - in the blood and in the hot stone fog, not the slavery of Russia, not its death, was born; Among the hot ashes and smoke, the strength of Soviet man, his love, loyalty to freedom lived indestructibly and stubbornly made its way, and it was this indestructible force that triumphed over the terrible but futile violence of the enslavers.

A few years ago, on March 19, 2008, on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, the Panorama “Battle of Stalingrad” museum hosted a viewing and discussion of the television documentary “Stalingrad. Chronicle of Victory". In it, along with the military theme at that time, for the first time an attempt was made to identify a civilian theme - the most painful and neglected in films about Stalingrad.

The start was impressive. In close-up, on the entire screen, Air Marshal Ivan Ivanovich Pstygo is presented, who authoritatively sums up August 23, 1942 - the most mournful date of Stalingrad. Quote: “August 23 was that terrible blow, when 2,000 bombers passed through Stalingrad and, according to the latest, probably the most probable data, 200,000 people died in Stalingrad!” This is exactly half the city's population.

Yuri Panchenko. At the age of 16, he survived the entire Battle of Stalingrad in the Central District of the city. Served in aviation for more than 50 years. Author of the book “163 days on the streets of Stalingrad.”

However, areas that were not bombed that day should be excluded from the total urban population. Then in four districts of the city (out of eight) that were attacked by German aircraft, where about 200,000 people lived, the entire population was killed. I'll clean it up. I want to howl in horror.

And where does Pstygo go with the wounded, who are counted as three to one among those killed?

That's another 600,000! In total, in a city with a population of 400,000 people, the number of victims on August 23 is... 800,000 people, which is comparable to the population of Stalingrad and Astrakhan combined!

About dreamers

Our home-grown dreamers turned out to be more modest.

Oleg Naida, candidate philosophical sciences, counted 2,000 German planes in the skies of Stalingrad on August 23, which took the lives of more than 40,000 citizens.

Further civilian casualties began to snowball.

Iraida Pomoschnikova, chairman of the association “Children of Wartime Stalingrad.” In the book “We Come from War,” six-year-old Irochka not only counted 2,000 enemy bombers in the skies of Stalingrad on August 23, but also counted the victims: 42,000 killed and 50,000 wounded. What a mean girl, but smart! At her age, I could only count to ten, and only on my fingers.

Vladimir Beregovoi, professor at the University of Economics in St. Petersburg, member of the “Children of Wartime Stalingrad” association. In his article “Triumph and Tragedy,” which “announces a book-requiem for Stalingrad,” he toughened up the outcome of the ill-fated day: 46,000 city residents were killed and 150,000 were wounded. Five-month-old Vovochka, retiring with his parents from Stalingrad, also counted the number of German planes that bombed the city on August 23rd - more than 2000!

Enemy planes "... flew in a square formation of sixty-four aircraft...". What is this - the Mughal shakhovna or the Khrushchev method of square-cluster sowing of corn? I even saw corpses “sticking out” along the river bank and the Volga, red with blood. One thing is certain: Vovochka’s parents were color blind. The water in the Volga actually changed color, but not to red, but to black, because in the area of ​​the tractor plant, German aircraft bombed and burned a convoy of oil barges.

Tatyana Pavlova, historian. In his laborious publication, “Classified Tragedy: Civilians in the Battle of Stalingrad,” he cites information from city authorities, where funeral teams from August 22 to 29, 1942 buried 1,816 corpses and picked up 2,698 wounded. But after a few pages in the same period from August 23 to 29, Pavlova considered that there was not enough blood on the streets of the city, and therefore could not resist the temptation to punish the Stalingraders for 71,000 people (only killed and 142 wounded!) And after another couple of hundred pages I even remembered the Japanese, “the total losses of the population of Stalingrad are 32.3% higher than the similar losses of the population of Hiroshima from the atomic bombing.”

Vladimir Pavlov, St. Petersburg historian in the book “Stalingrad, Myths and Reality. New look" proposes to declare August 23 "the day of national repentance of communists in Russia" for the death of 500,000 citizens who fell in the Battle of Stalingrad. Moreover, he presented the forced eviction of city residents to Belaya Kalitva as a humane action of the German command.

Cool though!

All this is the fantasy of people, where each of them, spinning their own legend, openly speculated, since during the storming of Stalingrad none of them were in the city.

Only six-year-old Irochka Pomoschnikova was in the Northern town, which was not bombed by the Germans on August 23rd.

Now the main thing. The bombing on August 23rd was a prelude, these were flowers, and the berries were ripening ahead. The brutal bombardment of the city began on the morning of August 24 and continued until August 27. The peak of the impact is August 25. In four days, the central areas of the city were burned, and the surviving population fled.

So, according to the testimony of ambitious dreamers, by the end of Sunday the population of Stalingrad was finished. It was completely broken and mutilated. Every single person! Scrambled eggs!

However, the realities of that ill-fated day tell a different story:

• the next morning in the Balkans (central district of the city), residents were given freshly baked bread. Is it that the dead baked rolls at night?
• on the morning of August 24, as usual, the working population went to work. By tram, not by hearse! The tram went to the destroyed Banny Ravine bridge at the Teschina stop (Vozrozhdeniya Square);
• the newspaper “Stalingradskaya Pravda” was published;
• the water supply worked until August 25;
• firefighters worked;
• the crossing was working;
• hospitals were being evacuated, which meant 4,500 wounded soldiers, onto the motor ships “Joseph Stalin”, “Memory of the Paris Commune” and “Mikhail Kalinin” that arrived in the city;
• hospitals operated on the outskirts of the city;
• air defense anti-aircraft artillery was operating;
• Soviet fighters were constantly flying over the city;
• militias were being formed in factories;
• The Stalingrad Defense Committee, headed by the regional committee secretary Chuyanov, worked continuously;

This is far from full list worries that fell on the shoulders of the townspeople.

August 23rd was a shock that the population successfully coped with. But after the severe injuries received over the next four days, the city was no longer able to recover.

In the official report of the Stalingrad City Defense Committee No. 411-a dated August 27, 1942, in addition to a detailed and named list of damage caused by German aviation to the industrial and public services of Stalingrad, civilian casualties are indicated in all areas of the city that were bombed. Overall result: 1017 people were killed and 1281 people were wounded. Naturally, this is not a complete list of victims. The count of casualties continued. But this is not 40,000, not 70,000, not 200,000 and not 500,000 people wasted by the current irresponsible and ambitious people who were never in Stalingrad.

Over the entire period of the Battle of Stalingrad, according to the reporting documents of the Stalingrad Party Archive, 42,754 city residents died from bombing and artillery shelling. And according to the head of the region, Chuyanov, the number of dead citizens is estimated at 40,000 people.

The population of the city, caught on the anvil of the battle, began to die like flies. People died in street battles, where the “stupid bullet” did not distinguish between friend and foe. And dystrophy and typhus in the German “cauldron” are worse than a bullet.

About death

And yet, why did people die?

From the bitter fate of my sixteen-year-old school and street classmates who lived in the Central district of the city:

• Elivstratova Lyusya died along with her mother and two sisters from a German bomb on August 23, 1942;
• Tsygankov Misha was shot by the police along with his father for possessing a rifle;
• Petya Vanin was shot by a policeman for possessing a Komsomol card (policemen are former Soviet citizens, lackeys of the occupiers);
• Zavrazhin Vitya is killed by a Soviet mine;
• Krasilnikov Sasha is killed by a Soviet mine;
• Ira Fefelova was killed by a German bullet;
• Chernavin Leva went missing;
• Baryshev Igor was burned;
• Mulyalin Vasya is wounded by a Soviet mine;
• Vitya Goncharov – severe shrapnel wound to the head, lost an eye, caused by a Soviet mine;
• Bernstein Misha - a through bullet wound in the chest from a German bullet;
• Kazimirova Lida - a through bullet wound in the neck from a Soviet bullet;
• my peer, whose name has not been preserved, was killed by an NKVD soldier for looting - he stole a pound of flour;
• four people managed to survive the entire Battle of Stalingrad in the city center without a single scratch.

Those who died in the German cauldron from dystrophy are not listed here. There are no witnesses. They all died of hunger at once. Whole families.

About the Germans in Stalingrad

Germans are often presented in modern films as naughty creatures, white and fluffy. This is because only five-year-olds are testifying. One complains that the Germans stole a pot of baked milk from them. Another only remembers his own grandmother, who was baptized. The Germans entered and grandma was baptized. Our people came and she was also baptized. With this, all their passions and muzzles dried up.

But to understand all the troubles that befell the population of the city in occupied Stalingrad, it is necessary to comprehend and link into one the main events that daily reduced the number of citizens. Rokossovsky Street to No. 30. Here, during the occupation of the city, the German commandant’s office was located - punitive military organization. And opposite the commandant’s office, in the former Iliodorov Monastery, the Germans created a camp for imprisoned Soviet citizens.

And now about the “naughty” faces.

1. Major Helmut Speidel (died in the Beketovsky prisoner-of-war camp), commandant of occupied Stalingrad, marked the border of the restricted zone from the channels of city residents hanging from the channels of railway bridges on Golubinskaya Street (tramway viaduct near the prison, on Kubanskaya Street (viaduct near the Dynamo stadium), on Nevskaya Street, on pedestrian bridge over the railway. Hanged on both sides of the bridge.
2. Chief Corporal Helmut Jeschke, inspector of the commandant's office for civil affairs. The population of the city was under his watchful eye. The Iliodorov Monastery, turned into a prison by the Germans, was reputed to be the place of an ominous plague of townspeople, from where policemen every morning pulled out the corpses of people who had become numb during the night and dumped them into an aircraft crater in the courtyard of the commandant’s office.
3. Major Neubert, senior doctor of the commandant's office. In early December, after Neubert's inspection of the hospital for wounded prisoners Soviet soldiers(located on Golubinskaya Street near the blood transfusion station), the wounded Red Army soldiers disappeared without a trace, and then a German hospital was located in the vacated premises. Dr. Neubert was accompanied by German medical officials and a Russian woman who worked as a doctor in the infirmary.
4. Colonel Rudolf Kerpert (convicted in captivity by a German tribunal), commandant of the notorious camp for Soviet prisoners of war "Dulag-205" in Alekseevka. In the German “cauldron”, bunk comrades who had lived only yesterday became food for the captured Red Army soldiers, driven to the point of insanity by hunger.

War is not a pot of baked milk or an old woman’s sign of the cross. War is the ugliest form of human communication. For us, the Germans have become worse than the plague, worse than cholera, worse than the Tatar yoke combined. You can forgive them with your mind, but not with your heart!

About 2000 aircraft

And lastly, this is about the 2,000 bombers that bombed the city on August 23rd. Enemy planes took advantage of the corridor cut by German tankers from the Don to the Volga through Kotluban, Orlovka and the Tractor Plant, where the city’s air defense was destroyed. Further, along the left bank of the Volga, the bombers entered the rear of the city with impunity, from where no one was expecting them. The anti-aircraft gunners were taken by surprise. They realized it when the first Heinkel squadron was already over the middle of the river. The sky literally boiled from the explosions of anti-aircraft shells, but... it was too late.

The bombers flew in waves in squadrons with an interval of about 15 minutes between squadrons. The bombing of the city began at 16:20 Moscow time and ended at sunset at 19:00 since planes do not fly in groups at night. At night, single planes bombed at large intervals.

Consequently, in two hours and forty minutes of daylight, with a fifteen-minute interval, only eleven groups - squadrons - could pass. There are 9-12 aircraft in a squadron, and by multiplying, we get a real idea of ​​the number of enemy aircraft that took part in the bombing of the city on August 23. This is about 100 - 130 aircraft. So the circulated legend about two thousand bombers attacking the city on August 23rd is clearly a fantasy. The Germans did not have such a number of bomber aircraft on the entire Eastern Front. By the beginning of July 1942, that is, by the beginning of the offensive on Stalingrad, the Germans had approximately 2,750 aircraft of all types. Of these, 775 bombers, 310 attack aircraft, 290 fighters, 765 reconnaissance aircraft, etc.

So, all the “eyewitnesses and witnesses” of the Battle of Stalingrad that I mentioned, whom we applaud on memorable dates, suffer from a common pathology - damage to the mind.

And a requiem for Stalingrad is inappropriate. Let the Germans pray for themselves. We didn't invite them here. People. Know Stalingrad. Because soon there will be no one to remember Stalingrad.

A few years ago, on March 19, 2008, on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, the Panorama “Battle of Stalingrad” museum hosted a viewing and discussion of the television documentary “Stalingrad. Chronicle of Victory". In it, along with the military theme at that time, for the first time an attempt was made to identify a civilian theme - the most painful and neglected in films about Stalingrad.

The start was impressive. In close-up, on the entire screen, Air Marshal Ivan Ivanovich Pstygo is presented, who authoritatively sums up August 23, 1942 - the most mournful date of Stalingrad. Quote: “August 23 was that terrible blow, when 2,000 bombers passed through Stalingrad and, according to the latest, probably the most probable data, 200,000 people died in Stalingrad!” This is exactly half the city's population.

Yuri Panchenko. At the age of 16, he survived the entire Battle of Stalingrad in the Central District of the city. Served in aviation for more than 50 years. Author of the book “163 days on the streets of Stalingrad.”

However, areas that were not bombed that day should be excluded from the total urban population. Then in four districts of the city (out of eight) that were attacked by German aircraft, where about 200,000 people lived, the entire population was killed. I'll clean it up. I want to howl in horror.

And where does Pstygo go with the wounded, who are counted as three to one among those killed?

That's another 600,000! In total, in a city with a population of 400,000 people, the number of victims on August 23 is... 800,000 people, which is comparable to the population of Stalingrad and Astrakhan combined!

About dreamers

Our home-grown dreamers turned out to be more modest.

Oleg Naida, a candidate of philosophical sciences, counted 2,000 German planes in the skies of Stalingrad on August 23, which took the lives of more than 40,000 citizens.

Further civilian casualties began to snowball.

Iraida Pomoschnikova, chairman of the association “Children of Wartime Stalingrad.” In the book “We Come from War,” six-year-old Irochka not only counted 2,000 enemy bombers in the skies of Stalingrad on August 23, but also counted the victims: 42,000 killed and 50,000 wounded. What a mean girl, but smart! At her age, I could only count to ten, and only on my fingers.

Vladimir Beregovoi, professor at the University of Economics in St. Petersburg, member of the “Children of Wartime Stalingrad” association. In his article “Triumph and Tragedy,” which “announces a book-requiem for Stalingrad,” he toughened up the outcome of the ill-fated day: 46,000 city residents were killed and 150,000 were wounded. Five-month-old Vovochka, retiring with his parents from Stalingrad, also counted the number of German planes that bombed the city on August 23rd - more than 2000!

Enemy planes "... flew in a square formation of sixty-four aircraft...". What is this - the Mughal shakhovna or the Khrushchev method of square-cluster sowing of corn? I even saw corpses “sticking out” along the river bank and the Volga, red with blood. One thing is certain: Vovochka’s parents were color blind. The water in the Volga actually changed color, but not to red, but to black, because in the area of ​​the tractor plant, German aircraft bombed and burned a convoy of oil barges.

Tatyana Pavlova, historian. In his laborious publication, “Classified Tragedy: Civilians in the Battle of Stalingrad,” he cites information from city authorities, where funeral teams from August 22 to 29, 1942 buried 1,816 corpses and picked up 2,698 wounded. But after a few pages in the same period from August 23 to 29, Pavlova considered that there was not enough blood on the streets of the city, and therefore could not resist the temptation to punish the Stalingraders for 71,000 people (only killed and 142 wounded!) And after another couple of hundred pages I even remembered the Japanese, “the total losses of the population of Stalingrad are 32.3% higher than the similar losses of the population of Hiroshima from the atomic bombing.”

Vladimir Pavlov, St. Petersburg historian in the book “Stalingrad, Myths and Reality. New Look” proposes to declare August 23 “the day of national repentance of communists in Russia” for the death of 500,000 citizens who fell in the Battle of Stalingrad. Moreover, he presented the forced eviction of city residents to Belaya Kalitva as a humane action of the German command.

Cool though!

All this is the fantasy of people, where each of them, spinning their own legend, openly speculated, since during the storming of Stalingrad none of them were in the city.

Only six-year-old Irochka Pomoschnikova was in the Northern town, which was not bombed by the Germans on August 23rd.

Now the main thing. The bombing on August 23rd was a prelude, these were flowers, and the berries were ripening ahead. The brutal bombardment of the city began on the morning of August 24 and continued until August 27. The peak of the impact is August 25. In four days, the central areas of the city were burned, and the surviving population fled.

So, according to the testimony of ambitious dreamers, by the end of Sunday the population of Stalingrad was finished. It was completely broken and mutilated. Every single person! Scrambled eggs!

However, the realities of that ill-fated day tell a different story:

• the next morning in the Balkans (central district of the city), residents were given freshly baked bread. Is it that the dead baked rolls at night?
• on the morning of August 24, as usual, the working population went to work. By tram, not by hearse! The tram went to the destroyed Banny Ravine bridge at the Teschina stop (Vozrozhdeniya Square);
• the newspaper “Stalingradskaya Pravda” was published;
• the water supply worked until August 25;
• firefighters worked;
• the crossing was working;
• hospitals were being evacuated, which meant 4,500 wounded soldiers, onto the motor ships “Joseph Stalin”, “Memory of the Paris Commune” and “Mikhail Kalinin” that arrived in the city;
• hospitals operated on the outskirts of the city;
• air defense anti-aircraft artillery was operating;
• Soviet fighters were constantly flying over the city;
• militias were being formed in factories;
• The Stalingrad Defense Committee, headed by the regional committee secretary Chuyanov, worked continuously;

This is not a complete list of concerns that fell on the shoulders of the townspeople.

August 23rd was a shock that the population successfully coped with. But after the severe injuries received over the next four days, the city was no longer able to recover.

In the official report of the Stalingrad City Defense Committee No. 411-a dated August 27, 1942, in addition to a detailed and named list of damage caused by German aviation to the industrial and public services of Stalingrad, civilian casualties are indicated in all areas of the city that were bombed. Overall result: 1017 people were killed and 1281 people were wounded. Naturally, this is not a complete list of victims. The count of casualties continued. But this is not 40,000, not 70,000, not 200,000 and not 500,000 people wasted by the current irresponsible and ambitious people who were never in Stalingrad.

Over the entire period of the Battle of Stalingrad, according to the reporting documents of the Stalingrad Party Archive, 42,754 city residents died from bombing and artillery shelling. And according to the head of the region, Chuyanov, the number of dead citizens is estimated at 40,000 people.

The population of the city, caught on the anvil of the battle, began to die like flies. People died in street battles, where the “stupid bullet” did not distinguish between friend and foe. And dystrophy and typhus in the German “cauldron” are worse than a bullet.

About death

And yet, why did people die?

From the bitter fate of my sixteen-year-old school and street classmates who lived in the Central district of the city:

• Elivstratova Lyusya died along with her mother and two sisters from a German bomb on August 23, 1942;
• Tsygankov Misha was shot by the police along with his father for possessing a rifle;
• Petya Vanin was shot by a policeman for possessing a Komsomol card (policemen are former Soviet citizens, lackeys of the occupiers);
• Zavrazhin Vitya is killed by a Soviet mine;
• Krasilnikov Sasha is killed by a Soviet mine;
• Ira Fefelova was killed by a German bullet;
• Chernavin Leva went missing;
• Baryshev Igor was burned;
• Mulyalin Vasya is wounded by a Soviet mine;
• Vitya Goncharov – severe shrapnel wound to the head, lost an eye, caused by a Soviet mine;
• Bernstein Misha - a through bullet wound in the chest from a German bullet;
• Kazimirova Lida - a through bullet wound in the neck from a Soviet bullet;
• my peer, whose name has not been preserved, was killed by an NKVD soldier for looting - he stole a pound of flour;
• four people managed to survive the entire Battle of Stalingrad in the city center without a single scratch.

Those who died in the German cauldron from dystrophy are not listed here. There are no witnesses. They all died of hunger at once. Whole families.

About the Germans in Stalingrad

Germans are often presented in modern films as naughty creatures, white and fluffy. This is because only five-year-olds are testifying. One complains that the Germans stole a pot of baked milk from them. Another only remembers his own grandmother, who was baptized. The Germans entered and grandma was baptized. Our people came and she was also baptized. With this, all their passions and muzzles dried up.

But to understand all the troubles that befell the population of the city in occupied Stalingrad, it is necessary to comprehend and link into one the main events that daily reduced the number of citizens. Rokossovsky Street to No. 30. Here, during the occupation of the city, the German commandant’s office, a punitive military organization, was located. And opposite the commandant’s office, in the former Iliodorov Monastery, the Germans created a camp for imprisoned Soviet citizens.

And now about the “naughty” faces.

1. Major Helmut Speidel (died in the Beketovsky prisoner-of-war camp), commandant of occupied Stalingrad, marked the border of the restricted zone from the channels of city residents hanging from the channels of railway bridges on Golubinskaya Street (tramway viaduct near the prison, on Kubanskaya Street (viaduct near the Dynamo stadium), on Nevskaya Street, on pedestrian bridge over the railway. Hanged on both sides of the bridge.
2. Chief Corporal Helmut Jeschke, inspector of the commandant's office for civil affairs. The population of the city was under his watchful eye. The Iliodorov Monastery, turned into a prison by the Germans, was reputed to be the place of an ominous plague of townspeople, from where policemen every morning pulled out the corpses of people who had become numb during the night and dumped them into an aircraft crater in the courtyard of the commandant’s office.
3. Major Neubert, senior doctor of the commandant's office. In early December, after Neubert inspected the hospital for captured wounded Soviet soldiers (located on Golubinskaya Street near the blood transfusion station), the wounded Red Army soldiers disappeared without a trace, and then a German hospital was located in the vacated premises. Dr. Neubert was accompanied by German medical officials and a Russian woman who worked as a doctor in the infirmary.
4. Colonel Rudolf Kerpert (convicted in captivity by a German tribunal), commandant of the notorious camp for Soviet prisoners of war "Dulag-205" in Alekseevka. In the German “cauldron”, bunk comrades who had lived only yesterday became food for the captured Red Army soldiers, driven to the point of insanity by hunger.

War is not a pot of baked milk or an old woman’s sign of the cross. War is the ugliest form of human communication. For us, the Germans have become worse than the plague, worse than cholera, worse than the Tatar yoke combined. You can forgive them with your mind, but not with your heart!

About 2000 aircraft

And lastly, this is about the 2,000 bombers that bombed the city on August 23rd. Enemy planes took advantage of the corridor cut by German tankers from the Don to the Volga through Kotluban, Orlovka and the Tractor Plant, where the city’s air defense was destroyed. Further, along the left bank of the Volga, the bombers entered the rear of the city with impunity, from where no one was expecting them. The anti-aircraft gunners were taken by surprise. They realized it when the first Heinkel squadron was already over the middle of the river. The sky literally boiled from the explosions of anti-aircraft shells, but... it was too late.

The bombers flew in waves in squadrons with an interval of about 15 minutes between squadrons. The bombing of the city began at 16:20 Moscow time and ended at sunset at 19:00 since planes do not fly in groups at night. At night, single planes bombed at large intervals.

Consequently, in two hours and forty minutes of daylight, with a fifteen-minute interval, only eleven groups - squadrons - could pass. There are 9-12 aircraft in a squadron, and by multiplying, we get a real idea of ​​the number of enemy aircraft that took part in the bombing of the city on August 23. This is about 100 - 130 aircraft. So the circulated legend about two thousand bombers attacking the city on August 23rd is clearly a fantasy. The Germans did not have such a number of bomber aircraft on the entire Eastern Front. By the beginning of July 1942, that is, by the beginning of the offensive on Stalingrad, the Germans had approximately 2,750 aircraft of all types. Of these, 775 bombers, 310 attack aircraft, 290 fighters, 765 reconnaissance aircraft, etc.

So, all the “eyewitnesses and witnesses” of the Battle of Stalingrad that I mentioned, whom we applaud on memorable dates, suffer from a common pathology - damage to the mind.

And a requiem for Stalingrad is inappropriate. Let the Germans pray for themselves. We didn't invite them here. People. Know Stalingrad. Because soon there will be no one to remember Stalingrad.