Solar system slides. Presentation on physics "solar system"

Slide 1

SOLAR SYSTEM

Slide 2

SUN
The Sun is the center of our planetary system, which besides it includes 9 large planets, several dozen planetary satellites, several thousand asteroids (minor planets), comets, meteoroids, interplanetary dust and gas.

Slide 3

M E R K U R I Y
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, and it completes its entire orbit around the Sun in just 88 days. Mercury is the smallest of all the planets. The surface of this small world is hot enough to melt tin and lead. There is hardly any atmosphere there, and the solid ground is all covered with craters.

Slide 4

VENUS
Venus is the brightest of all planets visible from Earth. Venus is about the same size as Earth, with mountains and deserts on its surface. Its atmosphere is made of poisonous carbon dioxide and is so dense that it traps heat, making the planet very hot. Venus rotates in the opposite direction to the other planets in the solar system. This means that the Sun on Venus rises in the west and sets in the east.

Slide 5

EARTH
EARTH, the third major planet in the solar system from the sun. Earth belongs to the group of terrestrial planets, which also includes Mercury, Venus and Mars. The Earth is often compared to this group, as well as to the Moon, since their origin, structure and evolution are the same. Thanks to its unique, perhaps unique, natural conditions in the Universe (although this is doubtful), it became the place where organic life arose and developed.

Slide 6

M A R S
In ancient times, the planet Mars was named after the god of war for its blood-red color.

Slide 7

U P I T E R
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It is so big that all the planets could fit inside it. Jupiter has a small, solid core surrounded by a rotating mass of liquid hydrogen. Jupiter's so-called Great Red Spot rotates surprisingly quickly on its axis, causing the equator to bulge, making the planet look like a flattened ball.

Slide 8

S A T U R N
Saturn is the sixth planet of the solar system. It belongs to the giant planets. Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system after Jupiter. Saturn is easily recognized by the beautiful sparkling rings that surround it. The rings are made of billions of small particles of ice and rock. Surprisingly, Saturn could float if, of course, there was a container of water large enough to place it there.

Solar System The solar system is a planetary system that includes the central star - the Sun, and all natural space objects revolving around the Sun. It was formed by gravitational compression of a gas and dust cloud approximately 4.57 billion years ago. Most of the mass of objects in the Solar System comes from the Sun; the rest is contained in eight relatively solitary planets, having almost circular orbits and located within an almost flat disk - the ecliptic plane. . In order of increasing distance from the Sun, the classical planets are arranged as follows: Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Mercury Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun in the Solar System, revolving around the Sun in 88 Earth days. The planet was named by the ancient Romans in honor of the god of trade - the fleet-footed Mercury, because it moves across the sky faster than other planets. Mercury is an inner planet because its orbit lies inside the Earth's orbit. Venus Venus is the second inner planet of the solar system. It is the only one of the eight major planets in the solar system to be named after a female deity. Because Venus is closer to the Sun than Earth, it is never more than 47.8° away from the Sun. The atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus is 92 times greater than on Earth. Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the fifth largest among all the planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest in diameter, mass and density among the terrestrial planets. Scientific evidence indicates that the Earth formed from the solar nebula about 4.54 billion years ago. Life appeared on Earth about 3.5 billion years ago, that is, within 1 billion after its origin. Mars Mars is the fourth most distant planet from the Sun and the seventh (penultimate) largest planet in the solar system; The mass of the planet is 10.7% of the mass of the Earth. Named after Mars, the ancient Roman god of war. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a rarefied atmosphere (the pressure at the surface is 160 times less than that of Earth). Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun, the largest in the Solar System. Along with Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, Jupiter is classified as a gas giant. A number of atmospheric phenomena on Jupiter - such as storms, lightning, auroras - are on a scale that is orders of magnitude greater than on Earth. Jupiter has at least 67 moons. Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System after Jupiter. Saturn is named after the Roman god of agriculture. Wind speeds on Saturn can reach 1,800 km/h in places, which is significantly higher than on Jupiter. Saturn's magnetic field extends 1,000,000 kilometers in the direction of the Sun. Uranus Uranus is the seventh largest planet in the solar system in terms of distance from the Sun, the third in diameter and the fourth in terms of mass. It was discovered in 1781 by the English astronomer William Herschel and named after the Greek god of the sky, Uranus. Uranus became the first planet discovered in modern times using a telescope. Just like other gas giants of the solar system, Uranus has a system of rings and a magnetosphere, and in addition, 27 satellites. Neptune Neptune is the eighth and outermost planet in the solar system. Neptune is also the fourth largest planet in diameter and third largest in mass. The mass of Neptune is 17.2 times, and the diameter of the equator is 3.9 times greater than that of the Earth. The planet was named after the Roman god of the seas. Discovered on September 23, 1846, Neptune became the first planet discovered through mathematical calculations rather than through regular observations. Neptune's atmosphere has the strongest winds among the planets in the solar system. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars (also called the terrestrial planets), are composed primarily of silicates and metals. The four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, also called gas giants, are much more massive than the terrestrial planets. The largest planets in the solar system: Jupiter and Saturn, consist mainly of hydrogen and helium. Smaller planets of the solar system: Uranus and Neptune In addition to hydrogen and helium, they contain methane and carbon monoxide. There are also at least 5 dwarf planets in the Solar System: Pluto (considered the ninth planet until 2006) Makemake Haumea Eris Ceres. Six of the eight planets and three dwarf planets are surrounded by natural satellites. Each of the outer planets is surrounded by rings of dust and other particles. The planets of the solar system can be divided into groups based on their characteristics and composition: -Terrestrial planets -Gas giants -Ice giants Terrestrial planets Earth-like planets that are mainly composed of rocks: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. With a mass of 0.055 that of Earth, Mercury is the smallest terrestrial planet (and generally the smallest known planet) in the Solar System, while Earth is the largest Earth-like planet in the Solar System. Gas giants Planets largely composed of gas and significantly more massive than the terrestrial planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Jupiter, with 318 Earth masses, is the largest planet in the solar system. Saturn, not much smaller, weighs “only” 95 Earth masses. Ice giants Include Uranus and Neptune. This is a subclass of gas giants, which are distinguished from most gas giants by their “small” mass (14-17 Earth’s) and significantly smaller reserves of helium and hydrogen in their atmospheres, along with significantly larger proportions of rocks and ice. Dwarf Planets Prior to the 2006 decision, several objects discovered by astronomers were proposed for IAU planet status. However, in 2006, all of these objects were identified as dwarf planets - objects different from planets. The IAU currently recognizes 5 dwarf planets in the Solar System: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris. Dwarf Planets Dwarf planets share many of the features of planets, although notable differences remain - namely, that they are not massive enough to clear their orbital neighborhoods. By definition, all dwarf planets are members of some population. Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt, while Pluto, Haumea and Makemake are objects in the Kuiper belt, and Eris is in the scattered disk. Magnetosphere One of the most important characteristics of planets is the internal magnetic moment which, in turn, creates the magnetosphere. The presence of a magnetic field indicates that the planet is still geologically “alive.” In other words, for magnetized planets, the movements of electrically conductive materials located in their depths generate their magnetic fields. These fields significantly change the interactions between the planet and the solar wind. A magnetized planet creates a region around itself in the solar wind, called the magnetosphere, through which the solar wind cannot penetrate. Schematic representation of the Earth's magnetosphere Magnetosphere Of the eight planets in the Solar System, only two have virtually no magnetosphere - these are Venus and Mars. For comparison, even one of Jupiter’s moons, Ganymede, has it. Of the magnetized planets, Mercury's magnetosphere is the weakest, and is barely able to deflect the solar wind. Exoplanet transit model. Transitional Page

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

MKOU "Sedelnikovskaya Secondary School No. 1" Andreev A.V. solar system

People have always been attracted by the distance, The oceans have always called them... And space lived slowly, It was mysterious and scary. A. Aldan-Semyonov

Where we live? It would seem that there could be an easier answer to this question? In your home, in a village, in a country, on the globe... And then? Our planet Earth also lives in a kind of city - the solar system, where there are other inhabitants - nine large and small planets, connected together by rotation around a source of heat and light - the Sun.

space stars small bodies satellites of the planet

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto planets

Mercury is the planet closest to the sun. Distance from the Sun: 57.9 million km. Surface temperature: from - 185 ° C to + 430˚ C. Duration of the year: 88 Earth days. Length of day: 58.6 Earth days. There are no satellites. Axis tilt:0˚0 ‘ There is no atmosphere (shell of air), but rare gas atoms near the mercurial surface form the Exosphere. The surface of Mercury is heavily cratered and resembles the surface of the Moon. Craters are traces of meteorites that fell on Mercury from space. Without an atmosphere, the planet has no protection from meteorites. Mercury

Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Average distance from the Sun: 108.2 million km. Diameter: 12 104 cl. Average temperature: 480 ° C. Length of year: 225 Earth days. Length of day: 117 Earth days. There are no satellites. Axial tilt: 2° 12 ‘ Like other planets, Venus has a core, mantle and crust. The atmosphere of Venus creates the so-called “greenhouse effect” on the planet. Venus

Earth is the only planet in the Solar System on which life exists. Average distance from the Sun: 150 million km. Diameter: 12,756 km. Surface temperature: from -89˚С to +58˚С. Length of year: 365 days 6 hours. Length of day: 24 hours. Number of satellites: 1- MOON. Axial tilt: 23˚4 ‘ The planet consists of a core, mantle and crust. In addition, the Earth has an atmosphere saturated with breathable oxygen. The atmosphere consists of 4 layers, the closest layer is the exosphere, then the ionosphere, then the stratosphere and the troposphere. Earth

Mars is the fourth planet. Distance from the Sun: 227.9 million km. Diameter: 6787 km. Surface temperature: from -120˚С to +15˚С. Length of year: 687 Earth days. Length of day: 24 hours 37 minutes. Number of satellites: 2. Axis tilt: 25˚2˚ Mars has an atmosphere, but it is very rarefied and not suitable for breathing, since it consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide. The North and South poles of Mars are covered with ice and dry ice. Mars

Jupiter is the fifth planet. Average distance from the Sun: 778.3 million km. Approximate diameter: 142,984 km. Atmospheric temperature: -150˚С. Length of year: 11.86 Earth years. Length of day: 9 hours 50 minutes. Number of satellites: 16. Axis tilt: 3˚1 ‘ The giant consists of hydrogen and helium, that is, stellar matter, and in addition, it has an atmosphere in which there is a small amount of oxygen. Jupiter

Saturn is the sixth planet. Average distance from the Sun: 1427 million km. Approximate diameter: 120,536 km. Atmospheric temperature: - 180˚С. Length of year: 29.49 Earth years. Length of day: 10 hours 39 minutes. Number of satellites: 18. Axial tilt: 26˚73 ‘ Like Jupiter, Saturn is a semi-liquid – semi-gaseous body with a small solid core inside. The planet has an atmosphere consisting of hydrogen and helium. Saturn has rings that are up to 275,000 km wide, but no more than a kilometer thick Saturn

Uranus is the 7th planet from the Sun. Average distance from the Sun: 2870 million km. Approximate diameter: 51,118 km. Atmospheric temperature: -216 °C Length of year: 84.01 Earth years. Length of day: 17 hours 14 minutes. Number of satellites: 17. Axis tilt: 97 ° 9 ‘ Uranus differs from the rest of the planets in the solar system in that it rotates as if lying on its side. Scientists suggest that during the formation of the solar system, one of the planets collided with Uranus, which changed the direction of rotation of the planet. Uranus

Neptune is the 8th planet. Average distance from the Sun: 4497 ​​million km. Approximate diameter: 49,528 km. Atmospheric temperature: -214 ° C. Length of year: 164.8 Earth years. Length of day: 16 hours 7 minutes. Number of satellites: 8. Axis tilt: 28 ° 8 ‘ Neptune is famous among other planets for the fact that the most powerful hurricanes in the solar system rage here. The speed of the winds rushing over the planet from east to west exceeds 2200 km. At one o'clock. Neptune

Pluto Pluto is the 9th planet. Average distance from the Sun: 2310 million km. Approximate diameter: 2284 km. Atmospheric temperature: -230 ° C. Length of year: 248.5 Earth years. Length of day: 6 earth days 9 hours. Number of satellites: 1. Axis tilt: 62 ° 24 ‘ Pluto is the most distant planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet has one satellite - Charon. Pluto is five times smaller than our planet.

stars Sun This is interesting! ?

Stars and galaxies Stars form large clusters among themselves, which are called galaxies. Our Sun is located in a galaxy called the Milky Way. At night, in clear moonless weather, the Milky Way can be seen in the sky as a strip of dim light. The Milky Way is like a flat disk with a diameter of 100,000 light years.

The Sun The Sun is a huge celestial body, inside of which more than a million planets could fit, equal in size to our Earth. Age of the Sun: about 4,600,000,000 years. Average distance to Earth: 150 million km. Diameter: 1,392,000 km. Surface temperature: 5800 ° C. Temperature in the center: 15,000,000 ° C. Orbital period: 24 Earth days. Orbital period of the Milky Way: 225 million. Years. Number of planets in the solar system: 9.

This is interesting! The closest star to us is ALPHA CENTAURI. Light from it travels to Earth for 4.3 years. (Sunlight takes 8 minutes to reach the earth.) There are 500,000 million known stars in our Galaxy. Scientists suggest that our Universe contains approximately 100,000 million galaxies, and each of them contains billions of stars. Of the planets known outside the solar system, at least three could be suitable for life.

1. The peas have scattered 2. The oven is full of little ones For a hundred roads, loaves of bread, No one will collect them - And in the middle there is a big one, Neither the king nor the queen, a loaf. Neither the red maiden 3. From which ladle do they not drink, do not eat, but only look? 4. Who has one eye during the day and many at night? 5. I have a carpet - you can’t shake it out, I have gold - you can’t count it. riddles answers

Small bodies Comets Asteroids?

Comets Comets are solid bodies of rock and ice pulled into near-solar orbit from the outskirts of the solar system. Around the Sun they move in highly elongated orbits. Being at a great distance from the Sun, comets look like faintly luminous oval-shaped spots, but as they approach the Sun they develop a “head” and a “tail”. The tail of a comet consists of gases, dust particles and water vapor that escape under the influence of sunlight. The length of the tail can reach tens of millions of kilometers.

riddles 6. The thousand-eyed man himself moves solemnly, as if to the market. 7.CHARADE: The planet of the solar system is my beginning. There is no better topic for science fiction writers - it attracts them with its mystery. And people lovingly decorate the second syllable for the New Year. What in general will be guessed by those who recognize the city of France. 8. The black swan scattered miracle grains across the sky. The black one called the white one, the white one pecked the grain. Answers

Asteroid Belt The asteroid belt is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This ring is 150,000 km wide. There are 15 known types of asteroids, for example dark stone, light stone, metal. The distance from the main belt to the Sun is 350-500 million km. The most famous asteroids: Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, Juno, Eros, Cupid, Hidalgo, Icarus, Hermes. Closest asteroid to Earth: Hermes (777,000 km away). Known asteroids: more than 10,000. Diameter of asteroids: from 1 to 1000 km. Largest asteroid: Ceres - 913 km in length. Closest asteroid to the Sun: Icarus.

Asteroid Belt The asteroid belt is a set of rotating blocks, most often of irregular shape. Many scientists believe that asteroids are fragments of another planet in the solar system that died as a result of a cosmic catastrophe. Jupiter's powerful gravity prevents the debris from coming together and forming a planet again. If the asteroids did connect, they would end up with a small planet the size of a third of the Moon.

Satellites of the Moon Satellites of Jupiter?

The Moon is located at a distance of about 384,400 km from the Earth. Radius: 1738 km. The moon moves in orbit and rotates around its axis at the same speed - 28.5 days. That's why we always see only one side of her. Man's long-time dream has been to see the far side of the Moon. In 1959, Soviet scientists launched an automatic station to the Moon, which flew around it and photographed the far side. The Moon is the only satellite of the Earth

The Moon is the only satellite of the Earth. The Moon is held in orbit by the Earth's gravity, but every year it moves away from us by 4 centimeters. Although the Moon is small, its gravitational force causes ocean tides on Earth and slows down the Earth's rotation speed by a hundredth of a second per century

Moons of Jupiter 12 of Jupiter's moons orbit the giant in a counterclockwise direction, while those whose orbits are furthest from Jupiter rotate in the opposite direction. The largest satellites of Jupiter: GANIMED is the largest satellite in the solar system, it is larger than the planet Mercury. (diameter - 5262 km, distance from Jupiter - 1070,000 km) CALLISTO - the darkest and iciest of the satellites (diameter - 4800 km, distance from Jupiter - 1,883,000 km)

Moons of Jupiter IO - Jupiter attracts Io to itself with such force that the matter inside the satellite heats up and boils. Many volcanoes are formed, releasing sulfur during an eruption, which spills around the craters into red seas. Smaller volcanoes emit sulfur dioxide, which settles on Io's surface like snow. EUROPE - of all the satellites in the solar system, it has the smoothest surface, because. it is covered with a layer of ice 100 km thick. (diameter - 3138 km, distance from Jupiter - 670,900 km) Recently, scientists have hypothesized that primitive life forms may exist on Europa. It is possible that the ice layer creates a “greenhouse effect”, and single-celled algae and other microorganisms can live under it.

riddles 9. Overtaking night and day, a deer runs around the Earth. Touching the stars with his horn, he chose a path in the sky. You can hear the clatter of his hooves, he is a pathfinder of the Universe. 10. Horned, but not butting. 11. Who will be born twelve times a year? 12. It burns without fire, flies without wings. Runs without legs. Answers

ANSWERS Stars 2. Moon and stars 3. Ursa Major 4. Sky 5. Sky and stars 6. Milky Way 7. Marseille - Mars + spruce 8. Starry night 9. Artificial satellite 10. Month 11. Moon 12. Sun

The presentation "Solar System" was prepared for the physics lesson "Composition of the Solar System" for the 11th grade, studying according to the textbook by G.Ya. Myakishev. The presentation consists of 17 slides, which provide information about the giant planets, terrestrial planets, asteroids, comets, and meteorites.

Download:

Preview:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

solar system

Terrestrial planets Mercury Venus

Earth Mars

General properties of terrestrial planets consist of heavy elements, have a small number (0-2) of satellites, and have an atmosphere (except for Mercury); the surface is hard; low weight and size; high density; are close to the Sun, receive a lot of energy

Giant planets Jupiter Saturn

Uranus Neptune

During one full revolution of Neptune around the Sun, our planet makes 164.79 revolutions

General properties of giant planets: - large sizes and masses; - rotate quickly about their own axis; - located far from the Sun, low surface temperature; - have a large number of satellites; - no hard surface; - differ in chemical composition from the terrestrial planets, mainly consisting of light elements; - have strong magnetic fields; - belts of high-energy particles (radiation belts) form around the planets.

Asteroid from Greek. "star-like"

Comet from Greek. "hairy", "long-haired"

Comet structure

Comet Halley was studied by the AMS "Vega - 1", "Vega - 2", "Giotto" The nucleus had dimensions of 14x7.5x7.5 km Every second 8 tons of dust and 45 tons of gas are ejected

When a comet crushes, a meteor swarm is formed

Meteor speed 11 – 75 km/s height 80 – 130 km Leonids meteor shower 1998

Meteorite Meteor Crater in Arizona. Width - 1.2 km, depth - 183 m.