Essay on the topic: How can one explain Jourdain’s actions in the work The Bourgeois in the Nobility, Molière. Crazy Jourdain Is Jourdain in good condition?

The literary process of the 17th century was characterized by the direction of classicism, which reflected the features of ancient literature. Moliere's play "The Bourgeois in the Nobility" is a kind of standard of the literary movement of this period.

Characteristics of Jourdain's image

The main character of the play “A Bourgeois in the Nobility,” Jourdain, became a kind of mirror in which the author reflected all the shortcomings and vices of society. Jourdain is a fairly elderly merchant, who once had an irresistible desire to become part of an aristocratic society.

The main character began to completely rebuild his life and old habits in order to resemble a nobleman as much as possible. He hires a teacher and learns to dance, like secular gentlemen, arranges his apartment according to the example of fashionable salons, dresses in clothes made from expensive materials ordered abroad, and looks for a groom with a noble pedigree for his daughter.

But this does not help Jourdain to join the coveted society, since all his actions on the way to achieving his goal only cause ridicule from others. After all, what could be more amusing than an uneducated merchant imagining himself as a nobleman?

Close people use him for personal purposes: his daughter and wife demand new expensive outfits in order to match the future aristocrat. In order to marry off her daughter to her loved one, Jourdain’s wife puts on a real performance for her husband.

A low-income groom is dressed up as a Turkish sultan, whom, according to the script, the daughter is supposed to marry. Jourdain has become so accustomed to the role of an aristocrat that he does not see in the Sultan the poor guy Clement, who asked for the hand of his child a month ago.

Playing along with the upper class in everything, Jourdain is nothing more, nothing less than an unsuccessful caricature of it. Probably, his image would have caused ridicule of more than one generation of readers if not for the epiphany that Jourdain had at the end of the play.

He realized that all his life he had been striving for something more sublime than everyday vanity, and chose the wrong path, wanting to inherit the nobility. Jourdain realized that he had actually lived prosaically his entire life, while his soul longed for lyricism.

At this moment the main character becomes for real it's a pity. However, this feeling is replaced by joy for him - he finally saw the light and looked at the world with a completely different look.

The meaning of the story

In the play “The Bourgeois in the Nobility”, in addition to people who want to be considered equal to high-ranking society, the aristocracy itself is ridiculed, along with its meaningless and empty laws of life.

Jourdain's game of nobility is actually a demonstration performance for the upper class, because sometimes they themselves, with their fictitious rules of good manners and bad taste in some things, look as comical as main character plays.

“The Bourgeois in the Nobility” is a comedy-ballet created by the great Molière in 1670. This is a classic work, complemented by elements of folk farce, features of ancient comedy and satirical compositions of the Renaissance.

History of creation

In the autumn of 1669, ambassadors from the Ottoman Sultan visited Paris. The Turks were greeted with particular pomp. But the decorations, spectacular meeting and luxurious apartments did not surprise the guests. Moreover, the delegation stated that the reception was sparse. It soon turned out that it was not ambassadors who visited the palace, but impostors.

However, the offended King Louis nevertheless demanded that Moliere create a work that would ridicule the pompous Turkish customs and specific morals of Eastern culture. It took only 10 rehearsals and the play “Turkish Ceremony” was demonstrated to the king. A month later in 1670, at the end of November, the performance was presented at the Palais Royal.

However, after some time, the talented playwright radically transformed the original play. In addition to satire on Turkish customs, he supplemented the work with reflections on the topic of modern mores of the nobles.

Analysis of the work

Plot

Mister Jourdain has money, a family and good house, but he wants to become a true aristocrat. He pays barbers, tailors and teachers to make him a respectable nobleman. The more his servants praised him, the more he paid them. Any whims of the gentleman were embodied in reality, while those around him generously praised the naive Jourdain.

The dance teacher taught the minuet and the art of bowing correctly. This was important for Jourdain, who was in love with a marquise. The fencing teacher told me how to strike correctly. He was taught spelling, philosophy, and learned the intricacies of prose and poetry.

Dressed in a new suit, Jourdain decided to take a walk around the city. Madame Jourdain and the maid Nicole told the man that he looked like a buffoon and everyone was rushing around with him only because of his generosity and wealth. A quarrel ensues. Count Dorant appears and asks Jourdain to lend him some more money, despite the fact that the amount of debt is already quite substantial.

A young man named Cleon loves Lucille, who reciprocates his feelings. Madame Jourdain agrees to her daughter's marriage to her lover. Mr. Jourdain, having learned that Cleont is not of noble origin, sharply refuses. At this moment Count Dorant and Dorimena appear. An enterprising adventurer courtes the marquise, transferring gifts from the naive Jourdain in his own name.

The owner of the house invites everyone to the table. The Marquise is enjoying delicious treats when suddenly Jourdain’s wife appears, who was sent to her sister. She understands what is happening and causes a scandal. The Count and the Marquise leave the house.

Koviel immediately appears. He introduces himself as a friend of Jourdain's father and a real nobleman. He talks about how the Turkish heir to the throne arrived in the city, madly in love with the daughter of Mr. Jourdain.

To become related, Jourdain needs to undergo a rite of passage into mamamushi. Then the Sultan himself appears - Cleont in disguise. He speaks in a fictitious language, and Koviel translates. This is followed by a mixed initiation ceremony, complete with ridiculous rituals.

Characteristics of the main characters

Jourdain is the main character of the comedy, a bourgeois who wants to become a nobleman. He is naive and spontaneous, generous and reckless. Goes ahead towards his dream. He'll be happy to lend you money. If you make him angry, he instantly flares up and starts screaming and making trouble.

He believes in the omnipotence of money, so he uses the services of the most expensive tailors, hoping that their clothes will “do the trick.” He is fooled by everyone: from servants to close relatives and false friends. Rudeness and bad manners, ignorance and vulgarity contrast very noticeably with claims to noble gloss and grace.

Jourdain's wife

The wife of a tyrant and false nobleman is contrasted with her husband in the work. She is well-mannered and full of common sense. A practical and sophisticated lady always behaves with dignity. The wife tries to direct her husband to the “path of truth”, explaining to him that everyone is using him.

She is not interested in titles of nobility and is not obsessed with status. Madame Jourdain even wants to marry her beloved daughter to a person of equal status and intelligence, so that she can feel comfortable and good.

Dorant

Count Dorant represents the noble class. He is aristocratic and vain. He makes friends with Jourdain solely for selfish reasons.

The man's entrepreneurial spirit is manifested in the way he cleverly appropriates the gifts of the lover Jourdain, presented to the Marquise, as his own. He even passes off a given diamond as his own gift.

Knowing about Koviel's prank, he is in no hurry to warn his friend about the insidious plans of the scoffers. Rather, on the contrary, the count himself has plenty of fun with the stupid Jourdain.

Marquise

Marquise Dorimena is a widow and represents a noble noble family. For her sake, Jourdain studies all sciences, spends incredible amounts of money on expensive gifts and organizing social events.

She is full of hypocrisy and vanity. In the eyes of the owner of the house, she says that he has wasted so much on the reception, but at the same time enjoys the delicacies with pleasure. The marquise is not averse to accepting expensive gifts, but at the sight of her suitor’s wife, she pretends to be embarrassed and even offended.

Beloved

Lucille and Cleonte are people of a new generation. They are well-educated, smart and resourceful. Lucille loves Cleontes, so when she learns that she will be married off to someone else, she sincerely resists.

The young man really has something to love. He is intelligent, noble in manners, honest, kind and loving. He is not ashamed of his relatives, does not chase illusory statuses, openly declares his feelings and desires.

The comedy has a particularly thoughtful and clear structure: 5 acts, as required by the canons of classicism. One action is not interrupted by secondary lines. Moliere introduces ballet into a dramatic work. This violates the requirements of classicism.

The theme is Mr. Jourdain's obsession with noble titles and nobility. The author criticizes in his work the aristocratic mood, the humiliation of the bourgeoisie before the class that supposedly dominates.

>>J.-B. Moliere. The tradesman in the nobility (in abbreviation). Translation by N. Lyubimov

Comedy in five acts (with cuts)

Comedy characters

Mr. Jourdain is a tradesman.
Madame Jourdain is his wife.
Lucille is their daughter.
Cleont is a young man in love with Lucille.
Dorimena is a marquise.
Dorant - in love with Dorimena.
Nicole is a maid in Mr. Jourdain's house.
Koviel is Cleont's servant.

Teacher music. Music teacher student. Dance teacher. Fencing teacher. Teacher philosophy. Musicians. Tailor. Apprentice tailor. Two footmen. Three pages.

Ballet characters

In the first act

Singer. Two singers. Dancers.

In the second act

Tailor's apprentices (dancing).

In the third act

Cooks (dancing).

In the fourth act

Mufti. The Turks, the mufti's retinue (sing), the derveshes (sing). Turks (dancing).

The action takes place in Paris, in the house of Mr. Jourdain.

Questions and tasks

1. Read Moliere’s comedy “The Bourgeois in the Nobility” in its entirety. Prepare an expressive reading according to the roles of scenes from a comedy (optional). How do you understand the title of this comedy? How is the idea of ​​comedy connected with the life of France in the second half of the 17th century?

3. What techniques does the author use to satirically depict his characters? Show examples of how a playwright creates human character. How can one explain the actions of Mr. Jourdain? Is he stupid? Is it in good condition? Explain the motives for the behavior of other characters in relation to Mr. Jourdain.

4. How do you see Jourdain’s loss of common sense, which in some cases was inherent in him? In whom and in what is common sense, simplicity of behavior and the significance of the people's character clearly manifested?

5. At the school of classicism, Moliere was not an obedient student. In what ways does he violate the rules of classicism, and in what ways does he follow them? Moliere combined literary tradition with folk tradition theater. Give examples of how the playwright uses folk farce techniques (fooling, eavesdropping, dressing up, playing with words, such as gibberish, “Turkish speech”, etc.). Why is “The Bourgeois of the Nobility” not only a satirical moral teaching, but also a funny comedy? What scenes do you find especially funny?

6. Prepare an oral review or a written review of a performance based on Molière’s comedy watched in the theater or on television.

Literature, 8th grade. Textbook for general education institutions. At 2 o'clock/automatic state. V. Ya. Korovin, 8th ed. - M.: Education, 2009. - 399 p. + 399 pp.: ill.

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Comedy is not an easy genre. The creator of the classic comedy is considered to be Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, better known under the pseudonym Moliere. His works are witty and full of philosophical ideas. In his comedy "The Bourgeois in the Nobility" he raised one of the most pressing themes of the 17th century - the attempt of the petty bourgeoisie to penetrate the world of the aristocracy. In order to obtain titles, they were ready to pay huge amounts of money, buy lands and positions, master noble manners, and most importantly, make secular friends.

The main character of the comedy is an ordinary tradesman Mr. Jourdain, who has everything he needs to be happy, except the title of nobleman. Despite the fact that he is not a nobleman either by birth or upbringing, he strives at all costs to become a true aristocrat. For the sake of his crazy dream, he is ready to spend fortunes, hire teachers of logic, dance, music, fencing, tailors, hairdressers and other employees so that they can make him a different person. He himself is rude and uneducated by nature, so it is not easy for teachers to teach him secular manners. However, in words they promise him any changes.

Jourdain, without a moment's hesitation, pays this entire army of scammers and firmly believes that this will help in making his dream come true. In turn, the tailor deceives him. He sews ridiculous outfits for him, calling them secular, while Jourdain himself has no idea what they actually wear in society. He sews clothes for himself from leftover materials. Many of Jourdain’s employees receive money only for praising his new robe or cap, listening to his mediocre folk song and obsequiously calling him “Your Grace” or something else. Graph Dorant, although of aristocratic blood, is not rich. He is friends with Jourdain only for money and often borrows money from him.

Mr. Jourdain's wife is more perceptive. She sees and understands all this, but when she tries to reason with her husband, he doesn’t want to listen to her. Moreover, he became interested in the cutesy marquise Dorimena, for whom she organizes lavish receptions and buys insanely expensive gifts. All of Jourdain’s actions are aimed at buying something that he actually does not have and can never have. After all, he already has everything else: family, money, health. But he can never buy noble origins, since, in fact, he is a tradesman. Jourdain's actions cannot be called stupid or undignified. He just wants to be closer to the secular public, to profitably marry his daughter to some marquis or count, learn to behave in society and simply get an education that he did not receive in his youth.

In my opinion, his actions are worthy of respect. However, being a narrow-minded and simple-minded person, he often finds himself in ridiculous situations. So, for example, in the last acts of the comedy, his vanity and desire for high titles completely played a cruel joke on him. He agreed to give Lucille for a young man who was allegedly the son of the Turkish Sultan. For this reason, he even agreed to undergo a ridiculous rite of passage into “mamamushi”. This act once again showed that the hero was so obsessed with his idea of ​​​​becoming noble that he was ready to go through any ridiculous rituals. Moreover, he is ready to believe in his transformation into a noble person.