Kali linux system requirements. Kali Linux - installation on a USB flash drive: instructions
How to install kali linux on laptop
Hello everyone, in this article from Computer76 I will show by my example how to install Kali Linux on a laptop. Installation operating system Linux means, I think, first of all, the fact that Windows is pre-installed on the laptop. Our task is to install Kali Linux on a laptop as a second system so that both OSes do not interfere with each other.
Few nuances. And they are. What you need to know to install kali linux on a laptop?
There won't be many difficulties. The installer of Kali, downloaded from the official site, knows Russian very well, and writes correctly and logically. Our task is to carefully read the advice of the manager. Installing Kali Linux on a laptop will be no more difficult than Windows.
So, I have a laptop with Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 10 preinstalled (you don't have to have that many). I will put the fourth Kali Linux.
The first thing to do is to prepare a place for kali linux. To do this, use free program to work with AOMEI sections (or from offsite). Immediately advice from the bottom of my heart: a single-core Kali processor will not pull, and if there are 2 “stones” or more on board, then there are no options - download ONLY 64 bit version of Kali Linux. Remember this tip...
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Hello, friends! Recently, we pleased you with the appearance new version. Today, there is one more good news for hackers, pentesters and just fools. Now you can download and install Kali Linux directly from the Microsoft Store on Windows 10. Installing Kali Linux on Windows 10 is a no-brainer, just like any other regular app installed from the Microsoft Store. I know Kali Linux and Windows 10 sounds weird, but it's true.
A very popular, free, open source Linux operating system widely used by cybersecurity professionals is now available in the Windows 10 store.
Installing Kali on Windows is made possible by WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) technology, which allows users to run Linux applications directly on Windows.
How to Download Kali Linux from the Windows 10 Store
Installing Kali on Windows 10 does not begin with the Windows Store, as you might have mistakenly thought, but with enabling the "Windows Subsystem for Linux" setting, and only then installation.
Here is a video showing the installation process of Kali Linix on Windows 10:
How to update Kali Linux in WSL
Updating Kali Linux in WSL is no different from a normal upgrade. To update, run the following commands:
export LANG=C sudo apt-get update sudo apt - get dist - upgrade sudo apt-get clean |
So, we figured out the installation of Kali Linux on Windows 10 and the update, now let's move on to installing the Metasploit framework.
How to Install Metasploit on Kali Linux on Windows 10
One problem may arise with the installation of Metasploit - these are Metasploit modules, which (clear kampot) will be fired by antiviruses, primarily Windows Defender.
What a surprise! Windows 10 flagged some files as viruses and exploits. This problem is solved by adding the following folder to the antivirus exclusions:
Once the installation is complete, you will be able to launch Metasploit using the following command:
msfconsole |
How to restore Kali Linux WSL
In case of failure or some kind of error, you can always restore Kali WSL. But be aware, the restore process will destroy your Kali WSL chroot and re-create a new copy. All changes made to the file system will be deleted and reset to default.
Here is a video that shows the process of restoring Kali Linux under WSL:
Total
Kali Linux on Windows does not provide any hacking tools, but you can install them yourself. Problems can only arise with wardriving. I do not think that it will be possible to use the equipment at a low level. Although, if you forward and shaman a little ... But I'm definitely not going to do this.
Who is it for, and why is Microsoft doing it?
A portrait of some white-hat hacker working for large offices emerges. I don't think blackhat will use it. Well, Microsoft has one interest - sales. Looks like things are going badly if they are trying to lure even that small part of computer users, which are hackers, into their "Windows".
Is it worth trying?
Certainly! Computer hemorrhoid is so interesting;)
A version of the Linux operating system called Kali is widely used by both ordinary users and testers of various applications and security testing programs. The Kali package is actively updated and contains more than a hundred tools for convenient work. You can download this software absolutely free of charge, and installation can be performed both on a computer and on removable media.
How to Download the Kali Linux Distribution
You can download the operating system for installation directly on your hard drive, or for virtual machines like Virtual Box. Worth considering:
- You need to have at least 10 GB of free space;
- 512 MB random access memory.
With just these two criteria, you can safely install Kali Linux as a second operating system. To do this, visit the official website and go to the “Downloads” section.
To install an OS on hard drives, you need one of the first four versions. Decide on the bitness of the system: 32 or 64 bits. The download is done using a torrent file.
How to Install Kali Linux on a Hard Drive
The process of installing Kali Linux on a hard drive is no different from other operating systems: you need to make a bootable disk or a bootable flash drive, install it from under the BIOS and wait for it to boot.
To make bootable disks and flash drives you will need special software. The most convenient option is Daemon Tools Lite, this program is distributed free of charge and has an accessible interface.
Go to the official website of the developer and download Daemon Tools Lite version.
Installation is quite simple: accept the license agreement, select the installation folder and wait for the installer to finish. Open the program.
Here you will find the USB tab, in which you need to select the “Create bootable USB” section. This is relevant when you do not have a CD and want to install the operating system from a flash drive.
In the window that opens, select the drive - your USB device connected to the computer.
Then select "Linux Boot Image". You can select the downloaded image itself in the second column from the top by clicking on the button with three dots. Once all the lines are filled in, you can click on the “Start” button to start the image recording.
After recording is finished, remove the USB from the computer. If you want to create a bootable disk, and not a USB flash drive, then do the same, but in the “Burning Discs” column. Here you will need the “Burn Image to Disc” tab. Insert the CD into the optical drive and select your image.
After that, you need to turn off the computer and turn it on again. Remember the combination that opens the BIOS on your computer or laptop model. This is usually the F12 or F8 key. You can find out for sure on the internet.
Insert the CD or USB into the computer as soon as the BIOS opens. You need to make sure that the system does not boot from the hard drive, but from the CD or USB first, only then you can install the new Kali Linux from your media. It is not difficult to do this.
In BIOS, look for the “Boot” or “Boot Device Priority” menu. The line “1st Boot Device” will contain the HDD device. You need to use the keys and the Enter button to select another device - either a CD / DVD drive, or USB, depending on which media you have chosen. As soon as it becomes the 1st Boot Device, save the changes and exit. The key for this action will be indicated on the bottom right, in the screenshot it is F10.
Now the data from the media will be loaded and you can easily install the operating system, with little or no participation in this. The computer may restart itself several times.
How to Install Kali Linux in Virtual Box
If you are not going to use this OS on a permanent basis, then it will take too long to install it on your hard drive. It is better to resort to a virtual environment.
The rule is quite simple:
First you need to create a virtual hard disk based on VirtualBox or any other program, and you need to specify the RAM, size of the disk and its type. It is better to indicate 10 GB and the operating volume is 512.
Start the machine and go to the "Network" section. In the "Promiscuous Mode" line, set the value to "Allow All".
You just have to run it and select the ISO file that you downloaded at the beginning of the article. After that, the installation of Kali Linux will begin. So you can run the OS directly from your usual desktop.
If you want to have a portable flash drive or external HDD with Kali Linux>, there are at least two options:
- install the system on a flash drive
- create a flash drive with persistent (permanent storage)
The first option is similar to the usual installation of the operating system. But since we will install on a flash drive, we get portability - the ability to boot on any computer with a USB input. All changes made to the system are saved after a reboot. In general, the work is not much different from working with a conventional computer.
The second option is to create a Live system on a USB drive (the same flash drive). But since the Live system is not able to save changes (user files, system settings), another partition is additionally created for it, on which files and settings are saved. That is, it would seem that it turns out approximately as in the first option - there is a system that "remembers" the changes made after the restart. In fact, there are some nuances.
A live system with persistent itself takes up less space - as much as a downloaded ISO image - i.e. usually up to four gigabytes. The operating system installed in the usual way takes about 13-15 gigabytes. But the system installed in the usual way boots faster, because Live uses compression. A persistent live system may run into a problem where the new kernel (which is upgradable) is incompatible with the old bootloader (which is part of the Live image and is not upgradable).
In general, both methods deserve the right to exist, and both of them will be considered on the pages of HackWare.ru. This tutorial will show you how to create a flash drive with Kali Linux installed. A detailed procedure will be described to avoid some of the problems that may occur when installing the system on a USB drive or when booting from a USB flash drive or external drive.
Instructions for installing Kali Linux on a USB memory stick
Installing to a USB flash drive is similar to installing to an internal drive. But in order not to accidentally damage the main system of the computer, the hard drives of the computer or the bootloader of the main system, I suggest installing Kali Linux on a USB flash drive in a virtual computer. After this installation is completed, you will be able to boot from this flash drive in your real computer. I am using VirtualBox as my virtual machine.
I assume that you already have VirtualBox installed, or you yourself know how to install it.
In VirtualBox, create a new virtual machine. The most common virtual computer for Linux. The only difference is that it doesn't have to have a (virtual) hard drive.
When, during the process of creating a new virtual computer, you reach the Hard disk window, then select "Do not connect a virtual hard disk":
When the virtual machine is created, start it. IN ISO quality official releases are recommended (rather than weekly automated builds). When trying to use the weekly builds, I got errors related to the inability to load kernel modules, and the installation failed.
USB flash drive for Kali Linux
For Kali Linux, as well as any modern Linux distribution, I recommend memory cards
More than 16 gigabytes. Those. it's 32 gigabytes or more. The higher the speed, the better. Flash drives are not well suited for multiple simultaneous read/write operations, and operating systems operate in this mode. Even with a good memory card, your system will work noticeably slower than a desktop one, it can “lag”, “slow down”. With a bad (slow) memory card, work can become difficult, uncomfortable.
How long do USB flash drives with the operating system installed
I am one of those who do not spare their media carriers. I download torrents to my memory cards in my phone, I install operating systems on my USB flash drives, I use them extensively, I often make and restore full backups. I have not broken a single memory card / USB from intensive use. To be honest, I think it's a myth that memory cards can get damaged due to frequent use. Maybe I'm just lucky. I want to say that USB flash drives (at least some) are able to "live" and be used for years with operating systems installed on them.
Cleaning the USB memory stick to install the operating system
Before starting the installation, I recommend completely erasing the data from the flash drive (remove GPT), because otherwise I sometimes had errors with a problem writing to disk. We will do this by the Live system itself, booting from the downloaded ISO.
When this menu appears, instead of choosing the "Graphical Install" option, boot into the system.
When you boot into the bottom bar of the virtual machine, connect your USB flash drive to the system:
You can look at the list of drives, but since there are no other media (hard drives) there, you will only see a flash drive named /dev/sda:
fdisk -l
To remove GPT from the disk, if it is there, run:
gdisk /dev/sda
To switch to expert mode, enter
Then to remove GPT type
Agree twice to completely clean the drive.
Now our flash drive is clean, without removing it, reboot the virtual system. Now select "Graphical install" from the menu:
Instructions for installing Kali Linux on a memory card
There are no differences from the installation of the operating system - everything is quite standard, the choice of language, username, etc. If you have problems with this, then, again, refer to the note “Installing Kali Linux”.
Perhaps there is only a small nuance with the swap partition. We absolutely do not need a swap partition on a flash drive - we will use the computer's resources directly, i.e. all the RAM - this should be enough in full. But even if this is not the case, the swap partition on the flash drive will only harm, because it will be very slow. To prevent the creation of a swap partition, when going to "Disk Partitioning", select the "Manually" item:
Choose a section:
Choose "Yes":
Choose "FREE PLACE":
In the next window, most likely, you will not have to change anything:
Choose Primary:
Select "Partition setup finished":
Select "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk":
The system complains that no partition is specified for the swap space and praises it in every possible way. In our case (installing the OS on a flash drive), it is really not needed. Choose "No":
Now select "Yes":
After that, the usual installation of the Kali Linux OS will begin.
Leave it unchanged here:
Choose your flash drive:
When the installation is finished (and it may take longer than you expected, since flash drives are not as fast as even regular hard drives, not to mention SSDs), shut down the virtual machine. You can reboot your real computer to boot from a freshly installed system on a USB flash drive.
If you do not have UEFI, then when the computer starts booting, press the Delete or Esc button many times (sometimes another - depending on the model of the motherboard - you can find out from Google). In BIOS, where "Boot Order" select your flash drive. The flash drive must be inserted into the computer at this moment, otherwise the BIOS will not see it. If the flash drive is inserted, but the computer does not see it, try inserting it into different sockets and each time reboot and go to BIOS.
If you have UEFI, then you just won’t get into the BIOS. The easiest way to get into BIOS is to type in command line(on behalf of the administrator):
shutdown.exe /r /o
After that, a message will appear that the computer will restart in less than one minute. After the reboot, we get here and select "Diagnostics":
Now select "Advanced options":
Now "UEFI Firmware Settings":
Well, "Reload":
Different manufacturers have different BIOSes, so yours may be different. But I will show you an example of my laptop so that the essence is clear. Go to the Boot tab, select Boot Option Priorities there, see what options there are:
Only one option and definitely not my flash drive.
We are looking for Secure Boot and disable (Disable):
A new menu item OS Mode Selection appears. In it, select CMS and UEFI OS. If you select only CMS OS, then the installed Windows will not boot.
Now we are looking for such an item as Fast BIOS Mode and disable it (Disable). This is necessary in order for the BIOS to start checking for USB devices when loading:
But we again need in BIOS! Therefore, when loading, press the appropriate key. My key is F2. On the old computer, this key was Delete. The BIOS itself writes this key when the computer boots. If you do not have time to look or do not understand English, then look for your model in Google. Or try the iteration method. In addition to those named, this key can also be Esc or some kind of F*.
Again go to the Boot Option Priorities tab. Now there is a flash drive. If you do as I did - put the flash drive in the first place, and Windows Boot Manager in the second place, then you will achieve the following effect: if the flash drive is inserted into the computer, then Linux will boot from this flash drive. If there is no flash drive, then Windows will boot - and there is no need to go into BIOS again!
Don't forget to save and reboot.
Solving the problem "the disc contains an unclean file system"
When booting Linux, you may encounter an error:
The disc contains an unclean file system (0, 0)
Especially often this error appears when trying to boot from a USB flash drive or from an external drive. The reason for this is that the GRUB settings are pointing to the wrong drive, such as the Windows drive. The system does not understand the file system of the disk and cannot continue to boot. This problem is solved quite simply.
Reboot your computer, and when the GRUB bootloader menu appears, press the e key. You will see something like this:
Notice the line that starts with linux. In my case, there is an entry
root=/dev/sda1
Since during the installation in the virtual computer there were no other storage media besides the flash drive, it was given the name /dev/sda1. A real computer has at least one other hard disk, and the name /dev/sda1 could be assigned to it. And the flash drive I'm trying to boot from now has a different name. This name can be /dev/sdb1, or /dev/sdc1 or something else (depending on the number of disks in the system).
If you do not know the new name, then just sort through the different options. Move the cursor to the drive name and change it to /dev/sdb1. After that, press the F10 key and wait for the download. If the download is unsuccessful, then restart the computer and change the entry to / dev / sdc1 (and so on alphabetically), press F10 and check the download was successful.
After successfully booting into the system, change the name of the boot disk. For example, in my case, the disk name turned out to be /dev/sdc1 (with the letter c). Then the command to change the boot disk will look like this:
sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sdc
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Replace /dev/sdc with the name of your disk or flash drive.
Now, when rebooting, an error will not occur, and I will immediately get into Kali Linux installed on a flash drive.
Creating a flash drive backup with Kali Linux
Installing an operating system on a flash drive, and in particular its subsequent configuration and installation of programs, is a lengthy process. In case the flash drive still breaks or you need it to burn coursework, you can make a backup of it. It is also recommended to make backup copies before installing video drivers or other similar experiments dangerous for the OS.
If we are talking about creating a backup copy of the OS, and not individual files, then the best option is to clone an image of the entire disk. If necessary, this will allow you to very quickly return the entire operating system with all the settings. The downside of this method is that the backup image will take exactly as much space as the flash drive has. Even if, for example, the operating system with all the files occupies only half the volume of the USB drive, the image will still be the size of a flash drive. As already mentioned, the advantage is that you do not need to select files for synchronization, the entire backup is stored as a single file, restoration guarantees a complete return to its original state.
On Linux systems, a similar image can be made using the dd program, and for Windows there is a wonderful free, open source Win32 Disk Imager utility.
Run Win32 Disk Imager, select your flash drive as Device, and in the Image File field, enter the path where you want to save the image:
When you're done, click Read.
Almost every user today has heard about the free Linux operating system. The open platform for development and the availability of the system made it very popular. But if you've never used it, installing it instead of Windows can be reckless. It is much more convenient to install any of the versions of Linux as a second operating system on your device.
Reasons to install Linux alongside Windows 10
Windows 10 is the latest operating system from Microsoft. She is successful and versatile. Few users will be able to completely abandon its use for the sake of installing Linux. In turn, Linux has a number of advantages over other operating systems:
- freedom and variety - there are many builds of Linux, and each of them is distributed free of charge. Downloading, installing, using and even modifying them is completely legal;
- low requirements - some Linux builds will work even on very old computers. The operating system takes up little space and consumes little RAM, which means that more resources will be left for your programs;
- fewer viruses - virus programs for Linux, of course, exist, but the chance of stumbling upon them is much less than in the operating system from Microsoft. As a result, getting rid of them is easier;
- free software - there is a lot of free software on Linux for every taste. It can be similar paid programs on Windows, and completely new software. Finding the program you need is very easy;
- good compatibility with other systems is an extremely important point. Linux is easy to install and works with any operating system: both Windows and Mac.
The downsides, however, are also obvious:
- calculation for experienced users - installing Linux is not difficult at all, but some actions in the system itself require a lot of technical knowledge;
- problems with support for programs and games of other operating systems - not all games or programs support Linux, and the way to launch through wine does not always work correctly.
By installing Linux as a second operating system, you have nothing to lose, and if you like it, you can completely move to it.
Installing different builds of Linux
Since Linux is open to user development, there are many different versions of this operating system.
- Linux Ubuntu is a common version of the operating system that is installed with various programs. It has both “light” options and full-fledged complexes for working with media; Ubuntu is one of the most widely used versions of Linux.
- Kali Linux is a version of the system with a lot of emphasis on safe operation;
Kali Linux is known for enhanced security - Linux Mint - this operating system is based on the version of Ubuntu and is the development of its ideas in better side;
Mint Linux is an improved version of Ubuntu - Kubuntu is the official offshoot of the regular version of Ubuntu. It differs by a different graphical shell (KDE);
Kubuntu Linux - Ubuntu with a different graphical environment - Rosa Linux - Russian version of Linux with a number of own developments;
Rosa Linux - Russian assembly with a number of innovations - Arch Linux is a very lightweight and optimized build aimed at advanced users.
Arch Linux - Power Users Build
Each user should choose an assembly for their needs before proceeding directly to the installation.
Preparations before installation
Before you start installing the version of Linux you have chosen, you need to do some preparatory work with your hard drive. To begin with, it is worth saving all the necessary files to the drive, since during installation there is a risk of losing them. Then you should partition the disk into sections for the correct installation of the second operating system.
Partitioning a partition using the Disk Management system program
You can also split the partition directly during the installation of Linux. But if you do this in advance, you can avoid some unnecessary risks during installation.
Partitioning a Partition Using the Linux Installer
Regardless of which version of Linux you are installing, you will need to partition your drive. If you didn't do this before installation, you can also do it during installation.
- To do this, when choosing the type of installation, select the "Other option" item.
When installing, select the line "Other option" and click "Continue" - The required utility will be launched. Here you can see the partitions of your hard drive. For installation, it is better to divide a partition that is not a system one.
Linux has its own disk utility that can also be used to partition a volume. - Select a non-system partition and press the Edit key.
Select a partition that has enough free space and click "Edit" - Specify a different hard disk size. It is recommended to set the value to more than 20 thousand MB, so that there is enough space for the system and for its normal operation. All "extra" space will be cut off and become an unallocated area. Of course, it is necessary that this space is not occupied by files.
In the Edit Partition window, you can see the total amount of free disk space - Confirm the resizing by pressing the OK button.
In the Edit Partition box, enter the weight of the space you want to partition and click OK - A warning about the irreversibility of the process will appear. Again, agree to the changes and select the "Continue" button.
Review and confirm changes when creating a partition in Linux - The split will be completed and you will see the line " free place". Select it and click on the plus sign.
Select new section and click on the plus to create a partition - Fill out the section creation form. To install Linux, you will need to create a root partition, a swap partition, and a file storage partition. To create a root partition, specify a size of about 15 GB, set the partition type to "Logical" and specify the "/" sign in the "Mount Point" line so that the partition is considered the root partition.
Enter the required information to create the root partition and click OK - In the same way, create a partition for system swap by choosing the appropriate partition type. You should allocate as much space for it as you have RAM.
Enter the necessary data to create a swap partition and click OK - In the last section for storing files, select all the space that is left. Select "/home" as the mount point.
Enter the required information to create a home partition and click OK
Partitioning is complete, which means you can continue with the installation.
Install Linux Ubuntu alongside Windows 10
You can download the latest Linux Ubuntu system from its official website. After that, follow these steps:
- Write the system image to a flash drive. This can be done using any program convenient for you. For example, the Rufus program can help you. Download and run it.
- Select the recording device on the top line. This can be a writable disc or a flash drive.
Specify your drive in Rufus - Specify the partition scheme - "GPT for computers with UEFI".
Select GPT as partition scheme - Then click on the image icon. In the explorer that opens, specify the path to your Linux image.
Click on the disk icon and select the Linux image you downloaded from the official website - Make sure "Create a boot disk" is checked and click "Start".
- After the boot disk has been created, restart your computer and go to the Boot Menu. Select the load of your drive there.
Select your drive type from the Boot Menu - The start window for installing Linux Ubuntu will appear. Set the desired language in the left panel and start the installation.
Select your system language and click "Install Ubuntu" - Since the partition has already been created before, select the "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10" option.
From all installation types select "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10" - Then select a section. It will be of type fat32 if done right.
Select a fat32 partition that should have enough space - If there is no partition, but there is an unallocated area, create it. To do this, in the devices tab, select Create Partition Table. Set the partition type to GPT.
- In the next window, specify the size of the partition, select fat32 as the file system, and enter EFI in the Label line.
Specify the weight of the section at your discretion - After selecting a partition, the installation will be fully automatic. To do this, simply select Ubuntu the next time you boot your system.
After reboot select Ubuntu as operating system - After installation, indicate your time zone on the map.
Set time zone in Ubuntu installation settings - Then choose your language and keyboard layout.
Select default keyboard layout for Ubuntu - Think up and enter the details of your new account and click "Continue".
Enter your new account details on Ubuntu - The installation will complete the final steps and require a system restart. Execute it.
Agree to restart your computer by clicking "Restart"
Video: detailed installation of Linux Ubuntu on a computer with BIOS
Installing Linux Mint next to Windows 10
To install Linux Mint, you need to do the following:
- Go to the official site of this build and select the version to download. It is worth choosing based on the necessary options and the capacity of the system.
Download the right version of Linux Mint from the official website - Choose torrent as the download method or download the client from one of the mirrors.
Download Linux Mint using any of the methods suggested on the site - Then write the Linux Mint image to a boot drive. You can do this with the help of the already familiar Rufus program.
Burn the Linux Mint Image to a Bootable Drive - After the installation starts, you will see a window with a countdown.
Wait until the timer expires to start installing Linux Mint - If you press any key, the advanced settings window will appear. It is not necessary to do this, but if you did, select the first item to start the installation. Or just wait until the time is up.
Select Start Linux Mint to login - After a short boot, you will see the desktop of the new operating system in front of you. But the installation is not completed yet. Find the Install Linux Mint file on your desktop and double-click it to open it.
Run the Install Linux Mint file on your desktop - The language settings will open. Select the required language and proceed with the installation.
Choose your language for Linux Mint - Check the box next to install the software automatically.
Check the box to install additional programs and click "Continue" - Then select the installation type. If you have already partitioned the disk and separated the installation area, select "Install Linux Mint alongside Windows 10".
To install Linux Mint along with Windows 10, select the appropriate item - After selecting the installation section, the time zone selection will open. Specify your region.
Select your region for the correct time zone setting - Then select your keyboard layout languages.
Select the keyboard layout you want to use on the new system - Create and set your account name and password, if needed.
Enter your Linux Mint account login details and confirm them - Wait for the installation progress to complete. Progress can be tracked using the bar at the bottom of the screen.
Wait until the end of the installation progress to access the system - Installation is complete and after restarting the computer, you can start using the operating system.
Restart your computer when prompted
Video: installing Linux Mint on a computer with another OS
Installing Kali Linux alongside Windows 10
Installing a Kali build is somewhat different from the previous ones.
- Download the image from the official assembly site, choosing the version that suits you.
Select the version of Kali Linux to download on the official website - Burn the image to a bootable drive using Rufus.
- After launching the boot program from the flash drive, you will see installation options. Installing with graphics (Graphical install) will be the easiest, so we choose it.
Choose a graphical installation for a more visual process - A list of language configurations will appear. Select the desired language and confirm your choice.
Specify language for installing Kali Linux - If a window appears about the impossibility to mount the installation disk correctly, simply select the "Yes" item, having previously connected the drive to a different connector.
If an error occurs, install the drive with the operating system in a different slot and click "Yes" - Enter the password you thought up for the main account, and then repeat it in the line below.
Enter the password for Kali Linux twice, which will be used when making changes to the system - Perform the time zone setting to correctly sync the time on your computer.
Select the appropriate time zone from the list - The disk partition window will open. Indicate that you want to manually select a section.
Indicate that you want to select the area manually - Specify the unallocated area ("Free space") that you created earlier.
Select an unallocated area: it's labeled "Free Space" - Then select Automatically Mark Free Space.
Select "Automatically mark free space" - In the next menu, click on the "All files in one partition" item.
Select "All files in one partition" - Select the disk you were working on, click Finish and Write Changes to Disk.
Select a section and click "Finish Markup..." - The computer will detect your Windows 10 operating system. Select Yes to select one of the operating systems when the computer boots and continue with the installation.
Select "Yes" to continue installation when Windows 10 is detected - Specify the system drive manually in the next window and the installation will be completed.
Manually point to the system drive to install the operating system loader
Video: how to install Kali Linux on a computer
Installing Kubuntu alongside Windows 10
The process of installing Kubuntu Linux is similar to installing Ubuntu, which is not surprising at all. To install Kubuntu alongside your Windows, follow these steps:
- Download the system from the official site and write it to a bootable drive. Reboot the computer, and by calling the Boot Menu by pressing F12 when the corresponding message appears, select the desired device to start the installation.
Download the Kubuntu image from the official website - Press any key while the icon is flashing to open options.
When the keyboard icon appears, press any key - Select Start Kubuntu to start installing the OS.
Select Start Kubuntu to start installing the operating system - Wait for the installation GUI to load.
Wait for the Kubuntu GUI to finish loading - In the next window, select the system language and click "Run Kubuntu". You must select this option in order for the system to be available for use during installation to a hard disk.
Select "Start Kubuntu" to access the operating system -
Desktop loading without installation may take some time - Then start the installation by clicking on the installer shortcut.
Select the Install Kubuntu file to start the installation - The installation window will open. Please select Russian to continue.
Specify the language you want to see during installation and in the system itself - It will check your internet connection and free space for installation. After it is finished, click "Continue".
After checking the Internet, click the "Continue" button - A window for selecting a partition will open. If you want to install along with another operating system, select the Manual installation. Automatic partitioning can be used if the hard drive is completely free of files.
Since you need to keep Windows 10, select the Manual installation type - You need to create four partitions in turn. The process itself is no different from creating partitions in Ubuntu. Create partitions:
- Once the partitions are created, confirm the changes and the installation will begin.
Accept the changes to continue installing Kubuntu - While the files are being copied to the hard drive, select the time zone settings.
Set the time zone of the new operating system by selecting your region - In the next window, select the layout language.
Visual keyboard layout helps you to make sure that you have chosen the right language - In the last settings screen, set the data from the account.
Enter the details for the new account and click "Continue" - After that, wait until the installation of the system is completed.
Wait until the Kubuntu installation process is complete - When installation is complete, restart your computer.
Restart when the prompt window appears
Installing Rosa Linux alongside Windows 10
As with other builds, to install Rosa Linux you need to download the necessary image and burn it to media.
- Access the Boot Menu by pressing F12 after restarting your computer. Select your drive load. A window will appear with various diagnostic actions. Select the line Install ROSA Desktop Fresh R6.
Select Install ROSA Desktop to start installation - The language selection panel opens. Install the required one and proceed with the installation.
Select your language when installing the system - Read and accept the Rosa Linux License Agreement.
Accept the terms of the license agreement to continue installation - Specify your keyboard layout.
Select also the keyboard layout language - In the next window, specify a convenient way for you to switch between layouts.
Specify the desired way to switch the language layout - Specify the time zone to correctly determine the time.
Specify your time zone in the list of regions - To complete the time setting, select the type of its display.
Choose the time display method on your system - In the partition selection, select "Use free space" if you want the system to create the necessary partitions in the unallocated area.
Select "Use free space" when installing rosa linux - Wait for the installation to finish.
Wait for the installation to finish, the slides will change in the process - Select a partition as the boot device and set the boot delay if needed.
Specify the system drive for the operating system loader - Set a password for system changes.
Set any password to your taste, but remember it - Add a new user and enter their details.
Enter account details in the new operating system - Specify a name for your computer.
Set any name for your device - Check the boxes to check the services that should start when the computer is turned on.
Set up automatic startup of operating system services - After the message that the installation is complete, restart your computer.
After the installation is complete, you need to restart your computer - The installation is complete - all that remains is to log in.
Sign in with your account password
Video: Installing Rosa Linux on a Windows PC
Installing Arch Linux next to windows 10
Installing Arch Linux will be significantly more difficult than installing others. If you are not an advanced user, it is recommended to select a different build. Otherwise, follow these steps to prepare for system installation:
- Download the system image from the official site.
Download the build of Arch Linux from the official site - Burn the image to disk. This can be done using special programs or Windows tools - through the context menu.
Burn Arch Linux to media in a convenient way for you - Connect your boot drive to your computer and restart your computer. During the reboot, go to the Boot Menu, the key for this will appear on the screen (usually F12).
Press F12 to enter Boot Menu - Set the download priority to your drive's device. So, if it's a boot drive, set the drive to boot before booting the hard drive.
Install your drive first in startup order - After that, when you restart your computer, you will see a choice of actions. Click on Boot Arch Linux to start the installation.
Select Boot Arch Linux - The network connection will be checked. Enter the command "ping -c 3 www.google.com".
Enter command to test network before installation - Then create system partitions from free space. To run this utility, use the cgdisk /dev/sda command.
Select free space and create partitions for installation one by one - Create a root partition to store system files. It is recommended to allocate at least 20 GB of free space for it.
- From the space left, create the Home partition. This is where your files will be stored. But you should leave about 1 GB for EFI space.
- Allocate the rest of the space to EFI space. Then click "Burn" to start installing Windows to the created partitions.
- Then format each of the partitions. To do this, use the following commands to format all three partitions in turn:
- Then map partitions to directories with the following commands:
Directly installing Arch Linux will also require you to enter commands:
- Enter the pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel command. This will start installing the operating system. Wait for this process to finish.
Enter the command to start the installation and confirm the input - Then type genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab. This is necessary for the partition to be detected by the system.
Enter command to detect partitions during installation - Type arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash to access the new OS.
Enter the last command to access the arch linux operating system - Set the format monetary units by entering nano /etc/locale.gen. Find the line with your country entry and remove the hash mark next to it. Then enter the locale-gen command and, after confirmation, the command echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf, where instead of en_US.UTF-8 there should be a line from which you removed the hash.
With the help of the above command, set the region for the currency - To accept the language settings, enter export LANG=en_US.UTF-8, also with the appropriate language instead of the specified one.
Set also the language zone using a special command - The next setting is to set the time zone. Type ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/ to display the available time zones, and then type ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/Subzone /etc/localtime with your region instead of Subzone.
- To set the GMT time, enter the hwclock -systohc --utc command.
Enter the command to synchronize the operating system time to Greenwich Mean Time - Enter the command echo myhostname > /etc/hostname, where myhostname will be the name of your computer for the network.
- Set a password for the computer to use with the passwd command. It can be anything, but it is important to remember it.
Set a password using the passwd command - And then it remains to set the system bootloader. For a modern UEFI BIOS, this is done with the commands:
- With a regular BIOS, the commands will be different:
- pacman -S grub;
- grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
- Exit the installation with the exit command and then type Reboot to restart the computer.
Complete the installation with the exit command and restart the system with the reboot command - After restarting, enter the login password. Installation completed.
Login to arch linux using password
Installing Ubuntu on VirtualBox Windows 10
Before installing the Ubuntu operating system on VirtualBox, you must complete the following steps:
After that, open VirtualBox and follow these steps:
- Click on the icon labeled New to open the virtual machine creation wizard.
Click on the New button, VirtualBox panel - The name of the virtual machine can be anything, and in the "Type" field, select Linux.
Enter any name for the virtual machine and click Next - In the next window, confirm the amount of memory for the virtual machine. Depending on the type of installation, the value will be set by itself. You can increase it if necessary.
You can leave the default value if it suits you. - Make sure the marker is set to create a new virtual machine and click the Create button.
Choose to create a new virtual machine and click the Create button - Select "Dynamically allocated" virtual disk type and click "Next".
Set dynamic VM disk size - In the disk location and size menu, leave the default values or set the size you need.
The virtual machine disk value can also be left as default - Finally, click Create again to finish creating the virtual machine.
When all virtual disk settings are set, click Create - Click on the virtual machine you created and go to its settings.
Select the virtual machine you created - In the Storage tab, add a new media by clicking on the blue plus icon below the media field.
Click on the plus icon below the media overview - Set the media to the image of your Ubuntu that you downloaded earlier.
Download the Ubuntu image to your virtual machine - Open this image with a double click so that it is placed in the system.
After double-clicking on the image, it should have loaded into the media menu - In the system settings section, make sure that the CD / DVD drive is placed higher than the Hard Disk in the Boot Order section.
Set CD/DVD as the boot priority so that the image is mounted at system startup - Now proceed to launch and configure the operating system. To do this, select a virtual machine and click the Start button.
Click Start to start the virtual system - Wait for the system to finish loading.
Wait for the system to finish loading on first start - Select Install Ubuntu. You will be taken to the language settings window. Select the desired language and click Continue.
Select the language for installing the system in the virtual machine - Check the box to download updates during system installation.
Check the box for downloading updates and click Continue - Since you are installing an operating system in a virtual machine, feel free to select the Erase disk and install Ubuntu option, which will erase all other files on the disk.
Select disk cleanup - since we are installing the system in a virtual machine, the files will not be affected - Set the time zone to the one in which your region is located.
To set the time, select the region where you are 
Wait for the installation of Ubuntu on the virtual machine to finish - Restart your computer after installation is complete by clicking Restart Now.
Reboot the virtual machine by clicking the Restart Now button - Enter your password and log in. Installing Ubuntu to the virtual machine is completed.
Enter password to login
Restoring Windows 10 Boot After Installing Ubuntu
If errors occur during system installation, the Windows boot loader may fail. This will make it impossible to start Windows 10. Luckily, this isn't hard to fix. You will need a Windows 10 installation disc, which you can prepare just like you would any other boot drive. It is important that the version of Windows is exactly the same as the one you have installed. Mount the image and then do the following:
Installing Linux as a second operating system is a good idea, but it is important to choose a build based on your goals and technical knowledge. If you have certain skills, you can easily install any of the assemblies. Using Linux along with Windows 10 will help you get the most out of your computer.
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