What infections do women have? The main hidden infections in women and their danger

Some women develop without obvious symptoms. Such infections are called hidden, since it is impossible to diagnose their presence using one standard examination - culture or smear. Their development leads to damage to the woman’s genitourinary system and can cause infertility.

The main manifestations of latent infections in women

Hidden infections in women are sexually transmitted diseases, the transmission of which occurs through unprotected sexual intercourse. Less commonly, infection occurs vertically (from mother to fetus), as well as through household transmission.

The incubation period for such infections ranges from 5 to 30 days, but sometimes this stage lasts about a year. The absence of obvious signs makes diagnosis difficult and contributes to the unhindered development of the disease. The danger of diseases that are sexually transmitted and do not manifest themselves in characteristic symptoms is such serious consequences as infertility or difficulties in the process of bearing a fetus. Some diseases cause the formation of malignant tumors in the organs of the genitourinary system. Most often it is cervical cancer.

Despite the absence of obvious signs, the presence of hidden infections can be suspected by the following alarming manifestations:

• feeling of burning and itching in the vagina;
• pain and discomfort arising during sexual intercourse;
• atypical vaginal discharge with a distinct specific odor;
• pain that occurs in the pelvic area and has varying intensity;
• pain and pain during emptying the bladder;
• rashes on the external genitalia and mucous membranes;
• changes in the menstrual cycle.

Initially, the infection spreads to the vagina and cervix, then affects the uterus itself and its appendages and can spread to the urinary tract. After this, the pathological process can affect any organ.

Hidden sexually transmitted infections in women can negatively affect the health of the organs of vision, joints, and oral cavity. Such infectious diseases are most dangerous if they occur in a woman during pregnancy.

List of hidden infections in women

Any infection that occurs latently in a woman’s body can progress to an advanced stage, which entails the development of other diseases, including the development of a malignant tumor. That is why it is necessary, if the slightest deviations in the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system are detected, to consult a doctor and undergo specific diagnostic measures to determine the causative agent of the pathological process.

There are a number of infectious diseases that develop asymptomatically in women over a long period of time. Each of them is characterized by specific symptoms and must be treated in specific ways.

Chlamydia

are considered one of the most common hidden infections. It is provoked by the intracellular microorganism chlamydia. In most cases, the pathological process develops without any pronounced manifestations; only in rare cases does a woman experience mild itching in the genital area, discomfort during urination, as well as frequent urges.

In advanced stages, the symptoms become more pronounced: pain appears in the lower abdomen, body temperature rises to high levels, the menstrual cycle is disrupted, and blood appears in the urine.

Despite the absence of manifestations, this infection threatens with serious complications, which include:

• infertility, as chlamydia affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and cervix;
• the likelihood of developing an abnormal, that is, ectopic, pregnancy;
• a sharp decrease in immunity;
• development of inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs.

Mycoplasmosis

This infectious disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms is characterized by scant symptoms. An infected woman may notice a clear discharge. Other symptoms of mycoplasmosis include discomfort and pain that occurs when emptying the bladder or during sexual intercourse.

Complications of the uncontrolled development of this pathology are inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, miscarriage, the development of various diseases of the uterus and urethra, and infertility.

Herpetic infection

The herpes virus, the causative agent of an infectious disease, can infect the organs of a woman’s genitourinary system. In such cases, the following symptoms are observed:

• itching and severe pain in the genital area and perineum;
• the appearance of a rash with many vesicular elements, which is observed both on the mucous membranes of the genital organs and on the skin around them. The bubbles open after a short time;
• copious mucous discharge from the vagina;
• increase in body temperature.

Complications of this infectious process pose a particular danger to the health and life of a woman, as they manifest themselves in the development of meningitis, encephalitis, as well as damage to the central nervous system.

An infectious disease develops with the active reproduction and development of yeast-like fungi. Thrush manifests itself in the discharge of white cheesy masses from the vagina, a burning sensation and itching that arises and disappears spontaneously, as well as pain that appears when emptying the bladder or during sexual intercourse.

Candidiasis entails the least dangerous consequences of all hidden infectious processes, but its development also cannot be ignored: under such conditions there is a high risk of fungi spreading to nearby organs - the intestines, bladder.

Ureaplasmosis

This type of infection occurs due to the action of tiny ureaplasma bacteria, which are able to penetrate directly into cells, where they multiply. The first symptoms of ureaplasmosis are painful sensations when urinating, burning in the vagina, a small amount of clear discharge, which in most cases does not have an unpleasant odor.

The consequences of an infectious disease can be:

• inflammation of the ovaries and uterine appendages;
• damage to the structure and shell of the egg, which makes it impossible to conceive a healthy child;
• infertility;
• cystitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• chronic urethritis.

Gardnerellosis (bacterial vaginosis)

The disease occurs when the bacteria Gardnerella, which is present in the normal microflora of the vagina in small quantities, rapidly multiplies. A predisposing condition for this is a sharp decrease in the body's protective functions. With gardnerellosis, abundant white or gray discharge appears with a strong unpleasant odor. As the pathological process develops, their consistency becomes thicker and stickier, and their color becomes yellow-green. In addition, an infected woman is bothered by pain, burning and itching, which become more intense during sexual intercourse.

Complications of bacterial vaginosis include complications during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as infection of the newborn with a pathogenic bacterium.

After a woman is diagnosed with genital infectious diseases, she, like her sexual partner, appropriate treatment is prescribed, otherwise re-infection will occur immediately after sexual contact with a carrier of the infection.

Necessary tests for hidden infections in women

To diagnose pathological processes occurring in a latent form, a number of studies are required that will help identify the causative agent of the disease and determine the reaction of the immune system to it.

If the presence of latent pathologies is suspected, the following types of diagnostic measures are prescribed:

• taking a smear from the vagina and examining it at the cellular level;
• carrying out enzyme immunoassay, which allows you to determine the body’s response to the infectious agent;
• bacteriological culture, which reveals the microflora and sensitivity of the existing infectious agent to certain groups of antibacterial drugs;
• polymerase chain reaction to identify the causative agent of the disease;
• immunofluorescence reaction. During this procedure, the infectious agent is studied at the cellular level.

To obtain a reliable result, a woman will need to follow certain rules in the process of preparing for tests.

• the patient should stop taking antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs medicines at least 2 weeks before the proposed study;
• 2 days before diagnosis, you must abstain from sexual intercourse;
• 24 hours before planned events, you should stop using candles, ointments and detergents for intimate hygiene, and also stop douching;
• It is not recommended to urinate for at least 2 hours before the procedures.

The most suitable period for diagnosis is considered to be 5-6 days after the start of the menstrual cycle.

For more information about tests for latent sexually transmitted infections in women, see your doctor’s consultation:

There are many ways to protect yourself from infectious diseases. However, despite precautions, you can become infected with the virus through sexual intercourse. Hidden infections in women are considered the most dangerous.

Due to the fact that sexually transmitted infections do not have pronounced symptoms, they are called hidden. They can only be identified after a complete medical examination or complications arising due to hidden infections.

Cases of sexually transmitted infections or STDs through sexual intercourse are common. The incubation period is 5–10 days, sometimes it can last up to 12 months. In addition, infectious diseases can be transmitted during pregnancy; the infection passes from the mother to the child.

Hidden infections in women can be identified faster if you pay attention to the symptoms:

1. itching and rash on the genitals;
2. discharge of an unusual color;
3. painful urination;
4. pain during sexual intercourse.

If a woman notices one of these symptoms, she must immediately undergo a full medical examination for the presence of viruses in the body.
However, signs may not appear quickly enough.

Delayed signs appear with complications:

1. infertility;
2. disrupted menstrual cycle;
3. pain in the pelvic area.

Each infection has its own symptoms and they can cause serious harm to the body. In addition to the urinary system, other organs may be affected.

Hidden infections that occur in women, list:

The most well-known pathologies are:

1. herpes;
2. syphilis;
3. gonorrhea.

Less common infections, but also posing a serious danger to a woman’s body:

1. ureaplasmosis;
2. mycoplasmosis;
3. papilloma virus;
4. gardnerellosis;
5. chlamydia;
6. herpes.

The disease can be caused by viruses; they can also be present in a healthy body. It is impossible to completely cure the virus.
Relapse may occur due to decreased immunity.

Herpes is accompanied by a red rash; it appears both on the skin and on the mucous membranes in the form of painful blisters and redness. In addition, itching and pain appear in the genitals, which intensify over time.

The temperature rises and strong discharge appears. Over time, the blisters begin to burst, and in their place scabs form, causing severe pain.

If you do not immediately seek medical help, complications may appear:

• damage to the nervous system;
• brain damage;
• damage to the eyes and skin;
• encephalitis.

During relapses, herpes affects:

• lip border;
• eyelids;
• cheeks;
• gums.

It is impossible to completely cure herpes; there is always the possibility of relapses. For such cases, the attending physician prescribes special medications that stop the development of the infection.

papillomavirus

Viruses of this family can cause cervical cancer, warts and papillomas. Papilloma is a latent and long-lasting virus.
It is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse and is present in 70% of the population.

Infection with the virus is most common in women.

The appearance of papilloma in the anal area and rectal mucosa is more common. The virus is very small, so using condoms during sex does not prevent infection.

Infection also occurs during childbirth or is transmitted through household contact.

In an infected cell, the virus can be benign or malignant; its incubation period ranges from 2 months to several years. Although in 90% of cases the body is able to get rid of the virus on its own within 6–12 months.

But if the human body is under the influence of weakening factors:

1. weakened immune system;
2. infection;
3. somatic diseases or other diseases that weaken the body.

If medical care is not provided in a timely manner, the virus causes complications:

• cervical cancer;
• mammary cancer.

Chlamydia

The virus has a strong impact on the human reproductive system, therefore it is the most dangerous. Chlamydia develops inside a person without visible symptoms. This can make treating the virus more difficult.

The first signs that may appear:

• menstrual irregularities;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• frequent urge to go to the toilet;
• pain during urination.

The infection affects:

1. rectum;
2. cervix;
3. peritoneum;
4. ovaries;
5. the fallopian tubes.

Syphilis

The first symptoms of the virus appear several weeks after infection. The virus can be acquired or congenital.

Virus infection occurs:

1. through sexual intercourse;
2. through Blood;
3. in utero;
4. through mother's milk;

Through common objects. A towel or utensils, so the virus is transmitted when the infected person has open sores.

Gonorrhea

The virus is most often transmitted through sexual contact, and the type of sexual contact does not matter. In rare cases, you can become infected through the personal items of a virus carrier, poor personal hygiene, or during childbirth. The incubation period lasts from 3 days to 3 weeks.

Symptoms:

1. yellow or white discharge, they have an unpleasant odor;
2. pain during urination;
3. urine is released in small portions.

Consequences:

• inflammation of the mucous and muscular wall of the cervix;
• inflammation of the large Bartholin gland;
• inflammation of the uterus.

Gardnerellosis

The appearance of the virus is provoked by the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis; it is present in the microflora of the vagina. When immunity decreases or other complications appear that cause the death of milk bacteria, their decomposition begins.

Signs of virus development:

1. during intimacy, burning and itching appears;
2. Grayish discharge appears. They may have a foamy consistency.

Due to the development of the virus, complications arise:

1. the vagina becomes inflamed
2. labor may begin prematurely or a miscarriage may occur;
3. the uterus becomes inflamed.

Mycoplasmosis

Infection mainly occurs through sexual intercourse and in rare cases is transmitted through household contact. The virus is transmitted to 25% of newborn girls. Therefore, it would be better if a girl or woman who is planning a pregnancy undergoes a course of treatment prescribed by a doctor.

There are many symptoms of mycoplasmosis, they appear depending on which organ was affected by the virus:

• throat;
• bronchi;
• lungs;
• vagina;
• Cervix;
• urethra.

Symptoms:

• rhinitis - affects the respiratory tract;
• intoxication;
• fever or chills;
• pneumonia;
• burning and redness in the urethra;
• pain in the lower back and abdomen;
• bleeding;
• insomnia;
• weakness;
• infertility;
• cystitis;
• pain during intercourse.

Diagnosis of infectious diseases

To detect the presence of viral diseases, the polymerase chain reaction method is used. This method allows you to find the pathogen among the affected cells and begin to treat the disease.

If itching, burning or pain occurs in the genital area, you should contact a medical facility as soon as possible and conduct a full examination of the body. In addition, couples planning to have a child must undergo polymerase diagnostics.

Preventing infections

The female body is more susceptible to viral diseases than the male body.

Therefore, in order not to get infected, you must follow certain rules:

1. will be checked by a gynecologist every year;
2. maintain personal hygiene;
3. during sexual intercourse you need to use protective equipment;
4. if a virus is detected, treatment must be started immediately;
5. monitor the state of the immune system.

Women should be attentive to their health and, if they have diseases, begin treatment as soon as possible. Otherwise, infections can lead to irreversible

Despite the active promotion of safe intimate relationships, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are widespread among the adult population. Hidden infections in women, the list of which is given below, are dangerous due to their consequences.

Genital infections are often called hidden, since many of them are asymptomatic; they are detected only during an in-depth examination when obvious complications appear. Most often, STDs are transmitted through unprotected intimate contact, less often through household methods or through transmission from mother to child during pregnancy.

• itching and burning in the genital area;


• uncharacteristic intimate discharge in smell, color, consistency, quantity;


• discomfort and pain during urination with frequent urge;


• rash on the genitals;


• discomfort and pain during or after sexual intercourse.

The appearance of these signs is a serious reason to immediately consult a doctor for a comprehensive examination.

• menstrual irregularities;


• infertility or miscarriage;


• painful sensations in the pelvis.

Each of the hidden infections has its own characteristic symptoms, course characteristics and a list of serious consequences for the body, spreading not only to the genitourinary system, but also to other systems and organs of the body.

Caused by various types of herpes virus (in particular, Herpes simplex virus 2), which remains in the body forever.

It manifests itself as discomfort, pain, itching in the perineum, which increases every day, the state of health worsens, the temperature rises, and vaginal discharge becomes more abundant. Next, a blistering rash appears on and around the genitals. After some time, the blisters burst, the liquid flows out, and scabs remain in their place.

Papillomavirus or HPV (HPV) is a family of viruses that leads to the appearance of warts and condylomas on the skin and mucous membranes.

This disease is characterized by a long and latent course without obvious symptoms. An exacerbation occurs during a period of sharp decline in immunity, and is most often discovered during examinations during pregnancy and for cancer.

The presence of HPV can be assumed by the appearance of warts on the body, genital warts on the genitals and in the groin area, in the oral cavity and on the lips, and by diagnosing cervical erosion.

• cervical cancer,


• breast cancer,


• other malignant neoplasms.

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Bacterial vaginosis or vaginal dysbiosis (dysbiosis) caused by the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis ( Gardnerella vaginalis). It is present in the normal microflora of the vagina in small quantities, but during a decrease in immunity and other disorders leading to the death of lactobacilli, it begins to multiply uncontrollably.

• Copious discharge of white or gray color with an unpleasant odor, sometimes with a foamy consistency. Over time, they may become yellow-green, thick and sticky.


• Pain, burning and itching, which intensifies during sexual intercourse.

• urethritis,


• inflammation of the vagina,


• inflammation of the uterus, its appendages and cervix,


• miscarriage,


• premature birth.

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A common household name, thrush, is caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (Candida albicans).

These fungi are found in the vaginal microflora large quantities, with uncontrolled reproduction cause vaginal candidiasis.

• white cheesy discharge;


• increasing itching and burning of the genitals;


• pain during sexual intercourse and urination.

It is believed that candidiasis does not pose a long-term threat to a woman’s health, but does cause severe discomfort.

There are no clearly noticeable characteristic symptoms; scanty or abundant transparent vaginal discharge and painful sensations during urination or intimate contact are possible.

• urethra,


• vagina,


• appendages,


• cavities and cervix,


• infertility,


• miscarriage,


• polyhydramnios,


• developmental disorders of the placenta.

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There are no specific symptoms, with the exception of clear vaginal discharge and burning during urination and sexual intercourse, which do not always appear.

• inflammation of the fallopian tubes,


• formation of adhesions,


• pathologies of pregnancy and fetus,


• stricture (narrowing) of the urethra.

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One of the most common latent infections is caused by the intracellular microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis.

In most cases, chlamydia is asymptomatic or with minor complaints of itching and pain when urinating, and frequent urge.

At an advanced stage, the following may appear: general malaise, high fever, pain in the lower abdomen, menstrual irregularities.

Cytomegaly is a disease caused by a type of human herpes virus type 5, Cytomegalovirus (CMV).

With a strong immune system, the disease proceeds latently, and the virus remains suppressed for several years.

Symptoms

Exacerbation of cytomegaly coincides with the symptoms of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections: fever, headache, general weakness, which makes its diagnosis difficult. The disease is most severe in people with weakened immune systems (for example, HIV-infected people, cancer patients, or people after organ transplantation).

• pneumonia,


• gastroenteritis,


• hepatitis,


• arthritis,


• encephalitis,


• inflammation of the spleen,


• miscarriages,


• intrauterine fetal death,


• premature birth.

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• A general smear is an examination of a scraping from the vagina under a microscope.


• Bacteriological (BAC) culture for microflora and sensitivity to antibiotics. In a favorable nutrient medium, STD pathogens actively grow, and after a few days a pure culture is formed, on which hypersensitivity to certain medications can be determined.


• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is based on the principle of a specific immunological reaction to specific pathogens in biological material. This is an analysis with a high level of sensitivity, but ELISA detects only the reaction, and not the pathogen itself.


• Immunofluorescence reaction (RIF) is the mixing of biological material with special staining reagents and their subsequent study under a fluorescent microscope.


• Polymer chain reaction (PCR) – detection of DNA and RNA of pathogens of sexually transmitted infections in a variety of biological materials. With its help, not only the causative agent of infection is determined, but also it is obtained quantification, as well as the duration of the disease.

• 2-3 weeks before the examination day, stop taking antibiotics, antiviral and antimicrobial drugs.


• Avoid sexual contact for 2 days before the test.


• 1 day before the examination, you cannot use local contraceptives, antiseptics, intimate hygiene products, or douching.

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Hidden infections are considered to be venereal diseases; they are most often transmitted sexually and have incubation period 5 - 30 days, less often - up to a year. This type of infection was named so precisely because it cannot be detected with a regular smear.

The most common symptoms of canned infections are discomfort, itching and burning in the vagina. This may be accompanied by discharge with an unpleasant odor, pain when urinating, and redness of the genitals.

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Such infections have serious consequences if they are not detected in time and treatment is not prescribed. As consequences, a transition to a chronic form and damage to internal organs are observed. It is important to remember that the infection first affects the vagina, the uterus itself and the appendages, then it penetrates the urinary tract, and only then spreads throughout the body. The presence of such infections can cause infertility or problems with pregnancy.

Every lady should know what hidden infections there are in women, how they manifest themselves, and what they are fraught with.

List of possible pathologies

• Bacterial vaginosis. It is also called vaginal dysbiosis. The bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis exists in the natural environment of the vagina only in very small quantities, but with various decreases in immunity or other changes, it begins to actively multiply. At first glance, the symptoms of the disease are similar to thrush, so many women begin to treat it on their own, which can lead to complications in the future. With improper treatment or its absence, urethritis, inflammation of the vagina, inflammation of the appendages, and cervix may occur; during pregnancy, miscarriage or premature birth may occur;
• Trichomoniasis. Affects the genital and urinary tract;
• Genital herpes. It is provoked by various herpes viruses, cannot be completely eliminated from the body, and has the possibility of relapse with reduced immunity. Symptoms include pain, itching, and discomfort in the perineum. These sensations may worsen every day, and body temperature may increase. Next - the appearance of a rash in the form of blisters on the genitals and around them. Complications of herpes can be conjunctivitis, encephalitis, central nervous system damage, meningitis, keratitis;
• Gonorrhea.
• Mycoplasmosis. It does not show any obvious external signs; a barely noticeable transparent discharge may begin, followed by an increase in it, discomfort during urination or during sexual intercourse. If the disease is detected during pregnancy, abnormal development of the placenta, miscarriages, and polyhydramnios may be detected. In general, the disease entails inflammation of the appendages, inflammation of the vagina and urethra, as well as the cavity and cervix;
• Ureaplasmosis. Symptoms are similar to the previous disease. It entails pathologies during pregnancy, possible narrowing of the urethra, the formation of adhesions, inflammatory processes in the fallopian tubes;
• Chlamydia. Considered a common infection, it is caused by the intracellular microorganism Chlamydia. As a result, it can cause damage to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and its cervix, rectum;
• Candidiasis. The usual name for this disease is thrush. These bacteria are also present in the vaginal microflora, fungi begin to multiply, and the disease manifests itself as a white, cheesy discharge. Symptoms: pain during sexual intercourse, itching, burning;
• Human papillomavirus. It may not appear outwardly for a long time. It is more often discovered during examinations or during pregnancy. You should pay attention and sound the alarm if warts and condylomas appear on the body, namely on the skin near the genitals, near the mouth. At the same time, uterine erosion can be diagnosed. The most serious consequence this virus is cervical cancer, less commonly breast cancer and other malignant tumors.
• Cytomegalovirus. It is a type of herpes and can be present in the human body in a dormant state for many years. The symptoms are similar to those of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, so it is difficult to diagnose externally. It has serious consequences in the form of pneumonia, hepatitis, it can also be arthritis, encephalitis, non-developing pregnancies, miscarriages, etc.

What tests need to be taken?

As it turned out, most of these infections cannot be determined externally, or are extremely difficult, so to make a diagnosis the following tests should be taken:

• vaginal smear, examination under a microscope;
• bacteriological culture. Gives a picture of sensitivity to antibiotics and the state of the vaginal microflora;
• linked immunosorbent assay. During the study, a reaction to a specific type of pathogen is revealed. But this study reveals the reaction, but not the pathogen;
• immunofluorescence reaction. Involves the combination of biological material and a specific coloring reagent. Next, the reaction is examined under a special microscope;
• polymer chain reaction. This analysis allows you to determine the causative agent of the disease, its quantity and duration of activity.

It is also important to know the period when it is best to take such a set of tests. This should be the 5th or 6th day of the menstrual cycle. There are also some other recommendations that should be followed before getting tested for the infections listed above:

1. you should limit your intake of antibiotics and antiviral drugs for 2 - 3 weeks before the tests;
2. sexual rest at least 2 days before the delivery of biological material;
3. do not use contraceptives, personal hygiene products, antiseptics, douche at least 24 hours before the examination.

Symptomatically, infections that are classified as latent may not manifest themselves for a long period of time, or if this is observed, it is insignificant, which does not give full confidence to assume the presence of a virus in the body. The list of hidden infections is quite impressive, but the most unpleasant thing is that most diseases are sexually transmitted, and diagnosing them at an early stage is problematic, which most likely served as the name. Despite the absence of characteristic symptoms, diseases of this type can significantly affect health in the future, and ignoring diseases or ineffective treatment can have the most severe consequences, including infertility.

In most cases, diseases that make up the bulk of the list of hidden infections in women are transmitted sexually during sex unprotected by contraceptives. STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) doubly dangerous phenomenon, due to the possibility of getting pregnant. Another feature of the disease is that the disease can be transmitted from mother to baby during gestation or during childbirth. It is recommended that women undergo tests for latent infections in paid medical institutions, where there is new equipment and equipment that can detect the virus at the earliest stages of development.

The disease can occur with more pronounced symptoms if it is aggravated by various provoking factors:

1. Ecological condition is below average.
2. Weakened immune system.
3. Stressful state, constant psychological breakdowns.
4. Incorrect or poor nutrition.

Hidden infections, list of diseases

The list of sexually transmitted diseases includes more than three dozen different infections, the treatment of which is best started immediately after their detection. By listing diseases, it is easier to make a list of pathogens that are the main cause of diseases:

Basically, diseases that are infectious in nature predominate, and the method of infection, as a rule, occurs through unprotected sexual contact.

The list of infections that are hidden in the form of detection includes the following main composition:

Basically, the list is far from complete, but it consists of those types of infections that are detected only after diagnosis through testing.

Symptoms characteristic of the appearance of hidden diseases

Hidden sexually transmitted infections in the early period may practically not manifest themselves in any way. Only an infection test can diagnose the virus at a relatively early stage(4 weeks after infection). Only the progressive form and pronounced symptoms force many patients to pay attention to the problem and come to see specialists to find out the causes. The listed symptoms may manifest themselves in a mild form and be concomitant:

1. Unpleasant itching in the genital area.
2. Pain and discomfort during intimate relationships.
3. Rashes, redness on the genitals and in the immediate vicinity.
4. Discharge from the vagina or penis that is unusual in shape and smell.
5. Unpleasant sensations that cause pain and discomfort during urination.
6. A feeling of heaviness and other unusual properties in the lower groin.

Listing the symptoms, you can also add the appearance of pus and blood discharge from the genital organs, both in women and men. Taking into account that most diseases are transmitted sexually, especially with an unknown partner during unprotected sex, women are doubly at risk, as there is a threat of unplanned pregnancy.

There are also more complex symptoms, which in their manifestations can only indirectly indicate infections in women, and this non-specificity often misleads even experienced specialists:

1. The menstrual cycle occurs with frequent disruptions, there are disturbances in the form of irregular delays and other unusual manifestations.
2. Miscarriage during pregnancy, miscarriages.
3. Unpleasant pain in the pelvic area.
4. Pregnancy failures during short gestation, infertility.

For the most part, all the symptoms are similar to each other, but only an analysis for hidden forms of diseases can accurately determine the nature of the pathogen, which in the future can help accurately diagnose the disease. Any listed symptom requires the most thorough examination.

Diagnostic principle

Tests are taken not only when there is an assumption of the presence of diseases, but also as a form of personal monitoring of health status

Tests are taken not only when there is an assumption of the presence of diseases, but also as a form of personal monitoring of health status. When planning a pregnancy, women are required to take a smear test for hidden infections in order to ensure that diseases do not manifest in children in the future through infection during childbirth, as sometimes happens with HPV. Most advanced Newest technologies For example, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) makes it possible not only to detect STIs (sexually transmitted infections), but also to track hereditary diseases. What is very important, this type of diagnosis reveals different stages of diseases, both in chronic form and in acute manifestations.

A latent (hidden) virus is much more difficult to detect using conventional tests, but the latest type of equipment using a polymerase reaction test makes it possible to accurately detect a virus infection, which will subsequently help treat it at a very early stage. When listing what types of research there are, it is important to clarify how diseases are diagnosed.

1. To identify an immunological reaction, patients donate biological material to determine not so much the presence of the disease itself, but the virus that provokes it. During the enzyme immunoassay, the reaction to various manifestations is determined, but the pathogen itself is not diagnosed.
2. Smear. A general type of analysis, which is taken by scraping material from the genital area. To diagnose an infection in men, material is collected from the urethra.
3. To determine the sensitivity of the infection to antibacterial drugs, as well as to determine the state of the microflora, bacteriological culture (BAC) is performed. This type of diagnosis requires some time (several days) for sowing.
4. Test to identify pathogens and changes in RNA and DNA. Using a polymer chain reaction, it is possible to determine what such a disease may be called, whether it can provoke other problems in the future, and what treatment method is best to use.
5. REEF. Using the immunofluorescence reaction in gynecology, it is possible to study the development of the virus at the cellular level. The earlier the presence of infection can be detected, the easier it is to determine the method of treatment, this is especially important during pregnancy, when there is a threat that the child being carried may become infected with the causative agent of the disease.

Preparing for tests

Enough has been said about what can happen if hidden forms of diseases are not identified in time. In order to prevent the irreparable, you need not only to be careful with the help of protective contraceptives during intimate relationships, but to monitor your health. For correct diagnosis, which should determine the presence of viruses with maximum accuracy, you need to know about some rules for preparing for tests, both to detect infection in men and women.

1. Testing for women is carried out after the complete end of the menstrual cycle (4-5 days).
2. Within two days, women should stop douching the vaginal areas.
3. The night before and in the morning before visiting the doctor, wet treatment of the genitals is not allowed.
4. During dinner, you can drink a small amount of alcoholic beverages and include spicy, salty and fried foods in the list of dishes, this will help provoke the pathogen.
5. Two hours before taking a smear in women, or collecting material from the urethra in men, you should not go to the toilet to urinate.
6. To submit material for identifying hidden diseases, it is prohibited to take medications with antiviral, anti-inflammatory characteristics, as well as antibiotics, as well as oral contraceptives.
7. A few days before the test, you should stop having intimate relationships.

For correct diagnosis, which should determine the presence of viruses with maximum accuracy, you need to know about some rules for preparing for testing, both to detect infection in men and women

In public clinics, going to a gynecologist requires certain preparatory measures in the form of purchasing a gynecological kit. You need to find out in advance from specialists what is included in the list necessary items. In paid clinics, the organization of all activities is undertaken by the employees of the institutions, including increased control over the conduct of tests. In government agencies, due to old, worn-out equipment, misunderstandings and errors often occur during diagnostics. This type of research is best carried out in private clinics, which not only exercise increased control, but also conduct diagnostics using modern equipment.

Sexually transmitted infections that are generally asymptomatic and can only be detected by sensitive laboratory tests, but nevertheless create the precondition for serious complications, are called latent infections.

Today we can say with confidence that we are witnessing a real explosion this kind diseases. This is due to the loss of a culture of sexual behavior and neglect of one’s own health, especially among men

Remember that infection occurs not only through vaginal, but also through oral and anal contact

Chlamydia

Treatment: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective (maintaining immunity for high level) therapy, as well as complex physiotherapy. The duration of treatment is from 2 weeks to 1 month.

In some cases, in the presence of certain hereditary factors, chlamydia can cause simultaneous damage to the eyes, joints and other organs (Reiter's disease)

Mycoplasmosis

The causative agents of this infection are mycoplasmas, the smallest free-living bacteria. Many men are carriers of mycoplasmas, which, when favorable conditions cause inflammation of the genitourinary system and can cause the development of prostatitis and infertility. Most often, mycoplasmosis does not manifest itself in any way for a long time. The main symptoms at the acute stage: discharge from the urinary canal, discomfort, burning and itching in the urethra.

Treatment: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective therapy, as well as complex physiotherapy. The duration of treatment is from 5 days to 2 weeks.

Ureaplasmosis

Ureaplasma, the causative agent of ureaplasmosis, like mycoplasma, belongs to intracellular microbes. The symptoms of ureaplasmosis are very subtle. This is, as a rule, frequent urination, slight discharge from the urethra in the morning and mild itching in the canal in the area of ​​the head of the penis. Frequent complications that occur against the background of sluggish urethritis are prostatitis and orchiepidymitis - inflammation of the epididymis and testicle.

Treatment: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective therapy, as well as complex physiotherapy. The duration of treatment is from 7 to 14 days.

Gardnerellosis

The causative agent of this disease is gardnerella, a microorganism that is a common inhabitant of the vagina in women. Normally, the vaginal microflora is represented mainly by lactobacilli. These bacteria produce lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, preventing the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. However, every woman also has other microorganisms in small quantities, including gardnerella. A man becomes infected with them only if his partner develops dysvaginosis (vaginal dysbiosis). Gardnerellosis often accompanies other, more pathogenic pathogens of latent infections. Like other hidden infections, gardnerellosis has no specific symptoms and may be accompanied by discharge from the urethra, as well as a feeling of discomfort in the urethra both during urination and at rest. But most often, this genital tract infection remains asymptomatic for a long time.

Treatment: antibacterial drugs. Duration of treatment is 5-6 days.

Human papillomavirus infection

Papilloma viral infection has been known since time immemorial. Cases of this disease have been described in Ancient Greece. But only in the last century were viral cells isolated from warts. Then the division of the human papillomavirus (HPV) into subtypes began. To date, over 100 subtypes of this virus are known. But something else is much more important: all types of HPV are divided into three groups.

1. group. Non-oncogenic HPV (not causing cancer).
2. group. Oncogenic HPV with a low degree of oncogenicity.
3. group. Oncogenic HPV with a high degree of oncogenicity. These viruses are the most dangerous for the body.

The incubation period can last from 3 months to several years. HPV infects epithelial cells. Its manifestations are warts and genital warts (limited papillary growths of the skin and mucous membranes), externally resembling scallops or cauliflower.

Condylomas and warts themselves are painless. However, HPV can cause penile or anal cancer in men (this disease is 20 times more common in homosexuals).

Treatment. Unfortunately, there are currently no specific drugs against HPV. The main task during treatment of the virus is to transfer it to an inactive state. Since it is impossible to completely get rid of HPV, there is always a threat of relapses. It is possible to remove only external manifestations of virus activity, which we observe on the skin or mucous membranes. It is advisable that this be done by an experienced oncodermatologist.

Prevention. To date, two preventive vaccines against HPV have already been created: Gardasil and Cervarix. However, their protective properties apply only to 4 types of viruses that are highly oncogenic. Vaccination is recommended for men aged 9 to 25 years.

The only truly reliable means of protection against papillomavirus is still a condom

Cytomegalovirus infection

The causative agent of this disease is cytomegalovirus. Since this virus is present in blood, saliva, urine and semen, it can be contracted in a variety of ways, including through airborne droplets. In addition, infection is possible in the prenatal period through the mother's placenta and during breastfeeding through milk.

The disease usually does not manifest itself for a long time. Provoking factors for exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection, as a rule, are hypothermia, stress or long-term other infectious diseases, which results in a sharp decrease in immunity.

In its manifestations, the disease resembles an acute respiratory infection (cold). High temperature, headache, weakness, and general malaise are noted. In men, the virus can also affect the urethra and testicles. In some cases, when cytomegalovirus affects internal organs and the central nervous system, this can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia or even encephalitis.

Treatment: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective therapy. Duration of treatment is from 2 to 3 weeks.

Genital herpes

Herpes- one of the most common diseases in the world. Its virus is the causative agent of two diseases with similar manifestations. Most often we encounter the causative agent of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I - this is the so-called cold on the lips. If the manifestations are localized on the genitals, we are dealing with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) type II, or the genital herpes virus. The herpes virus can remain in the body for a long time and not manifest itself in any way. It integrates inside cells, including nerve cells and blood cells, and is sharply activated when immunity decreases. The most common provoking factors are frequent hypothermia, chronic stress, alcohol abuse and the presence of other infections.

Genital herpes You can become infected through any sexual contact. Transmission of the virus from mother to fetus is also possible. Under normal living conditions, the virus dies, which means that infection can only occur through direct contact. It is impossible to become infected with the herpes virus in public places. The majority of those infected are completely asymptomatic. Therefore, many people do not even suspect that they are carriers of the herpes virus.

The incubation period usually lasts for 1-2 weeks, although sometimes it can last 1 month. Next comes the period of so-called primary herpes, although in practice it is quite rare to track whether this is the first case of the disease or a relapse. Typical manifestations of genital herpes during periods of exacerbation are pain, swelling and burning in the genitals. Symptoms similar to colds may also occur: fever, headache, general weakness and malaise. After several days, small blisters appear on the genitals. When scratched, a clear liquid is released from them, which contains the virus itself. If you do not scratch them, then after a while the blisters open on their own, forming small and very painful ulcers. If these ulcers are located in the urethra, a strong burning sensation occurs when urinating.

The duration of the acute period of the disease depends on the state of the body's immune system, but on average it is usually 2-3 weeks.

If the herpes virus affects the prostate, prostatitis occurs, if the urethra - urethritis, and if the bladder - then cystitis

To diagnose herpes, it is important to correctly collect anamnesis and examine the sites of manifestations on the patient’s body. As a rule, this is enough. But if in doubt, you can use laboratory methods: open several vials and send liquid to determine the presence of the virus, or conduct a blood test to determine the presence of antibodies to the virus.

Treatment. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to completely recover from the herpes virus. Therefore, therapy in in this case comes down to eliminating symptoms and transferring the virus to an inactive (“dormant”) state. Treatment is long-term and usually requires several courses with changes in antiviral drugs and the prescription of immune stimulants.

If any hidden infection is detected, both partners must be treated simultaneously. Otherwise, re-infection is inevitable. Until the end of treatment, it is recommended to avoid sexual intercourse without using condoms.

A blood test for hidden infections is necessary to identify pathogenic microorganisms that are provocateurs of sexually transmitted diseases such as mycoplasmosis, genital herpes, papillomavirus and cytomegalovirus diseases, hepatitis and HIV infection.

What is a “hidden infection”?

By latent infection we mean the carriage of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that, under favorable conditions, can provoke the development of an infectious-inflammatory process.

Stages and signs of development of hidden pathology

A latent infection may not make itself felt for a long time, but be present in the body, that is, the carrier period can be quite long. Under certain conditions, for example, weakening of the functionality of the immune system, the pathogen initiates a pathological process, after which a full-fledged clinical picture of a particular disease develops. Each disease is characterized by its own characteristics of phasing and course, so it is impossible to distinguish strict stages in the development of a latent infection. We can definitely say only about two mandatory stages - the carrier stage and the stage of development of clinical symptoms.

The list of signs of latent infection also varies depending on the pathology. Sexually transmitted infectious pathologies do not always affect only the reproductive system. Therefore, the clinic can be diverse. Features of the symptoms of individual diseases will be discussed below.

Why is it necessary to undergo timely tests to detect hidden infections?

The list of indications for prescribing an analysis for latent sexually transmitted infectious diseases includes:

• pain syndrome in the lower abdomen;
• Vaginal discharge in large quantities, with an unpleasant odor and uncharacteristic color;
• pregnancy planning;
• preparation for surgical intervention on the organs of the excretory and reproductive systems;
• accidental unprotected sexual intercourse;
• problems of infertility and miscarriage;
• monitoring the effectiveness of therapeutic correction of infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.

Analysis for hidden infections is especially important during pregnancy and during preparation for it. The doctor must issue referrals for examination to women who are planning to become pregnant, as well as monitor the health status of patients who are already carrying a child.

What are the hidden infections in women?

The list of diseases that can be detected after a laboratory examination includes the pathologies discussed below.

Intimidation with hidden infections has become a profitable part of medicine and the “bread” of those who call themselves representatives of the health industry (read “disease industry” - that’s more accurate).

The human body contains many microorganisms that, under certain conditions, can be involved in the development of the infectious process; all of them most often invade the human body and live in it “hiddenly,” that is, without visible signs of their presence, and most of them do not require diagnosis and treatment.

The traditional old school of medicine divided all microorganisms, appearing periodically or living permanently in the body or on the human body, on normal, opportunistic and pathogenic. The latter can cause diseases, including serious ones, and even lead to human death. But the concept of “conditionally pathogenic” can also be interpreted as “conditionally normal”, because for the emergence of an infectious process certain conditions are necessary, just as for the coexistence of “normal flora” and humans there must be certain conditions.

Almost no one uses the expression “conditionally normal,” although it has a positive connotation.

Many scientists and researchers propose to exclude the concept of “opportunistic pathogens”, because even those microorganisms that are considered normal cohabitants of the human body can, under certain conditions, cause disease.

For example, almost all women know about lactobacilli that live in the vagina. Some doctors try diligently to “restore the flora” by prescribing lactobacilli preparations, which is ineffective. But few people know that there is such a disease as cytolytic vaginosis, which occurs when there is excessive growth of lactobacilli, especially those that produce lactic acid. These bacteria have a detrimental effect on the vaginal mucosa.

At the same time, a whole group of bacteria that usually live in the intestines and participate in the processes of processing and assimilation of food (there are more than 500 species) can also live in the vagina and on the skin of the perineum (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, enterococci, streptococci, etc. ), without causing any harm to the person. But for some reason they are mistaken for enemies and they try to aggressively kill them with massive doses of antibiotics and other drugs.

The same can be said about fungi, in particular yeast, without which the intestines cannot function normally.

Now it has become fashionable to create terrible myths in order to then impose and sell healing drugs and procedures, and fungi are blamed for causing a variety of diseases, including cancer.

Intimidation with hidden infections has become a profitable part of medicine and the “bread” of those who call themselves representatives of the health industry (read “disease industry” - that’s more accurate).

But let's return to the concept of “hiddenness”. In fact, all microorganisms without exception are invisible, that is, they are hidden in the body and on the body, and without additional equipment (microscopes) it is impossible to detect them.

It is not known how many microorganisms exist that can cause disease in humans, because quite often, when viruses, bacteria, and fungi enter the human body, they do not cause changes that would provoke discomfort or dysfunction of some organs and the entire body. This also applies to those microorganisms that can cause an infectious disease. It is estimated that the human body is inhabited by 500 to 1000 species of bacteria and several hundred species of viruses, most of which can be involved in the occurrence of the infectious process.

In fact, a person is a walking hidden infectious pathology (and also tenacious).

Even during the era of plague or typhoid pandemics, in the absence of effective drugs, not all people became infected and died.

Most often, women are frightened by those types of microorganisms and those “hidden infections” that have become commercial diagnoses and allow health workers and medical institutions make money on total diagnosis and treatment of “victims” of hidden infections. Hidden infections have become a convenient lever of intimidation, and dire consequences are attributed to them.

In obstetrics, hidden infections are an extremely convenient screen behind which you can hide any medical errors, including severe ones, accompanied by the loss of pregnancy and newborn.

“Toxicosis or hidden infections are to blame for everything, and therefore they need to be treated urgently, aggressively, extensively and for a long time!” - such a slogan can be hung above the entrance to any antenatal clinic.

Of course, it is impossible to deny the existence of infectious diseases. But even if microorganisms came into contact with the human body, and they settled in certain cells and organs, this does not mean that the presence of such cohabitants is necessarily fraught with the occurrence of an infectious process. Most often, a certain balance occurs when the body's defenses control the situation and do not allow infectious agents to cause harm. In other words, a certain ecosystem arises where the peaceful coexistence of all living beings, including humans, is much more important than war and the destruction of each other.

Unfortunately, nowhere are they taught such basic concepts of health and the relationship between a person and other microorganisms that take part in his functioning.

Ronald David Lang, a Scottish psychiatrist, wrote:

« Life is a sexually transmitted disease.

And these words say a lot. Human conception occurs through sexual relations, that is, sexually, and this is not just the interaction of germ cells, but also secretions, fluids, other cells and, naturally, microorganisms. From the first minutes of a newborn’s life (and often even in the womb), the intensive colonization of his body with viruses, bacteria, and fungi begins.

Most often, women are frightened by TORCH infections, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, HPV, but they also often “dig” into the vagina, especially a pregnant woman, and try with all their might and means to kill other important bacteria inhabiting this part of the female body. The aggressive fight against staphylococcus in the nose of a pregnant woman deserves special attention. Obviously, doctors forget that a woman will give birth not through her nose, but through her vagina. But it’s even more surprising when they treat “staphylococcus” in the nose of the future father. Well, he certainly won’t stick his nose into the vagina during childbirth!

Of all the known viral infections, only those that can cause damage to the fetus with developmental defects, its death, termination of pregnancy and serious complications in the woman that threaten her life are dangerous for a pregnant woman. There are few such viruses, and they include herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, varicella-zoster virus, coxsackieviruses, measles virus, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis E virus, lymphatic choriomeningitis virus(the latter is transmitted through hamsters). Plus, during pregnancy, only primary infection is dangerous, that is, the first contact with an infectious agent, and not the carriage of viruses.

Although there are other viral pathogens of dangerous diseases, their spread is insignificant. Other viruses can cause certain diseases, but do not pose a danger to the mother and child.

TORCH infections

What are TORCH infections? About 20 years ago, American and European doctors began conducting rapid testing of newborns with symptoms of active infection, when all other diseases had been ruled out. Since intrauterine infection or infection during childbirth was suspected, it was assumed that such infections could be cytomegalovirus, herpes infections and rubella - the most common infections among the adult population. In 1990, toxoplasmosis was added to the panel of tested infections, and soon syphilis and a number of other infections that can be transmitted from mother to fetus and newborn.

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Thus, TORCH denotes the following group of infectious diseases:

• T - toxoplasmosis;
• O - other (other infections - syphilis, parvovirus B 19, other viruses);
• R - rubella (rubella);
• C - cytomegalovirus infection;
• H - herpes infection.

This type of testing was first used by pediatricians (neonatologists, perinatologists) to quickly diagnose the immune state of a newborn (the presence of an active infectious process). A little later, the TORCH test began to be used to analyze amniotic fluid taken as a result of a puncture of the anterior wall of the mother’s abdomen, if signs of intrauterine infection of the child were detected on ultrasound.

The use of the TORCH test has been criticized by many doctors from all developed countries of the world, so it is prescribed to pregnant women infrequently in these countries. Each test must be rational and have its practical significance, otherwise it is a waste of money, reagents, time and additional stress for the woman. In addition, most doctors do not know how to correctly interpret the results of the TORCH test.

If you do a TORCH test in adults, it is advisable to determine two types of antibodies: IgM and IgG. The combination of these two types of immunoglobulins allows us to determine the relative activity of the infectious process. But in most countries around the world, testing everyone, including men and women planning a pregnancy, is not recommended.

Most often, the results of a TORCH test are as follows: positive for herpes infection, cytomegalovirus infection, rubella (due to vaccination), negative/positive for toxoplasmosis. Such results are observed in 60–80% of women, both planning pregnancy and pregnant women, and these are quite normal results for an adult. These women do not need treatment. In such cases, there is no need to take repeated TORCH tests, because women will never again be negative for carriage of these infectious agents.

The topic of microorganisms, infectious diseases and women's health is extremely voluminous and cannot be discussed in just one article. Nevertheless, I would like to wish women to increase the level of knowledge about their own body and health and not be afraid of the invisible, hidden world of living beings in which we all live. published .

Elena Berezovskaya

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consciousness, we are changing the world together! © econet

Let's talk about the main hidden infections that enter and develop in female body, one way or another, striking him. So what is it?

Herpes virus: symptoms

Herpes is a viral disease. Its main symptom is the appearance of grouped blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. The causative agent is HSV (herpes simplex virus). In the affected area are: skin, mucous membranes (including the genitals), central nervous system and brain.

Symptoms of herpes simplex: grouped blisters with clear contents. The patient complains of itching, sometimes chills, burning of the skin, and malaise.

Symptoms of herpes zoster: accompanied by headache, swollen lymph nodes, increased body temperature. It manifests itself as a group of crowded vesicles, first with transparent and later purulent bloody contents.

Course of the disease:

• Stage 1 - itching or tingling in the affected area;
• Stage 2 - the appearance of a small painful vesicle;
• Stage 3 - rupture of the bubble
• Stage 4 - a crust forms over the formed ulcers.

The main danger of herpes for women is that the disease can cause unusual mucous discharge, indicating possible erosion of the cervix, not carrying a pregnancy to term. early stages, cancer, infertility. Therefore, if the disease does not go away within 10 days, you should consult a doctor!

Human papillomavirus: symptoms, disease development

HPV is a pathophysiological lesion transmitted sexually and domestically (through minor damage to the skin), as well as from mother to child during childbirth. Self-infection from one part of the body to another is possible. Manifested by the appearance of warts and genital warts in intimate areas.

Development of the disease:

• During transmission, the virus penetrates the upper layers of the skin.
• For some time it does not make itself felt and can only be detected special analysis PCR.
• The virus begins to disrupt cell division, accelerating it. Detection occurs using PCR, as well as cytology and histology.
• The DNA of the virus interacts with the DNA of cells and the so-called integrated form develops.
• A mutation occurs in the affected cells.

The same tests as in the third will help detect the virus in the last two stages.

Note!
Under no circumstances should this disease be allowed to spread, since certain strains of the virus can cause tumors - invasive cancer develops!

Gardnerellosis: causes, symptoms of the disease

Bacteria of the genus Gardnerella are present in small quantities in the vagina of any healthy woman. However, in a favorable environment, they begin to multiply too quickly.

The reasons are:

• intrauterine contraceptives;
• hormonal disorders;
• taking oral contraceptives;
• promiscuity;
• certain diseases.

Symptoms of the disease:

• gray-whitish discharge with an unpleasant “fishy” odor;
• burning and itching in the vaginal area;
• discomfort during urination and sexual intercourse.

• antibacterial therapy;
• normalization of vaginal microbial flora;
• strengthening the immune system and preventing relapses.

Prevention:

• achieving normal hormonal levels;
• careful use of antibiotics;
• compliance with the usual rules of personal hygiene, without frequent douching;
• refusal of promiscuous sex;
• treatment of intestinal dysbiosis and genitourinary system infections.

The time from the onset of the disease to the formation of the first signs in most cases is 10 days.

Lack of treatment can lead to the development of inflammatory diseases in the female body, possibly miscarriage, premature birth and a number of other problems!

Thrush or candidiasis: causes, symptoms, treatment

This is a fungal infection of the vaginal mucosa. The symptoms of thrush in women are similar to the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases, but thrush has nothing to do with venereology.

• long-term use of antibiotics;
• chronic diseases of the digestive and genitourinary systems;
• wearing synthetic tight underwear;
• metabolic disorders.

Symptoms:

• itching and burning in the perineum and vagina;
• white curd discharge;
• redness of mucous membranes;
• unpleasant smell.

Possible exacerbation 5 days before menstruation. The disease is diagnosed using analysis -.

Treatment: Clotrimazole, Isoconazole, Miconazole, Natolicin, Nystatin.

There are threats of cervical erosion, miscarriage and infertility!

Mycoplasmosis: routes of infection, symptoms, diagnosis

A pathological process transmitted sexually and from mother to child during childbirth. The form of the process is influenced by the bacteria Mycoplasma hominis and the genitalium. The virus enters a healthy body during a kiss, when coughing or sneezing, when the patient’s sputum enters the mucous membranes of a healthy person.

Symptoms are different, they depend on the characteristics of each individual organism. The disease can affect the respiratory system, causing coughing and mild shortness of breath. For the first manifestations, the formation of one of the four types of mycoplasmosis bacteria is sufficient.

Diagnosis of this disease is very difficult, since mycoplasma is very small in size. Most often, the DNA test method is used to diagnose the disease by identifying the DNA of the pathogen.

Treatment: antibiotics (up to 10 days): Tetracycline, Josamycin, Midecamycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin.

The consequences of lack of treatment are: damage to the vaginal canal; pathological development of the placenta.

Ureaplasmosis: symptoms, diagnosis

One of the most "undefined" diseases - scientists debate its existence, but despite these discussions, it is a very common urinary infection. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact; intrauterine infection of the child is possible.

Symptoms:

At first, ureaplasma may not manifest itself in any way, but actively multiply, harming everything that gets in its way;

• From time to time, clear vaginal discharge appears;
• sometimes there is a burning sensation when urinating;
• menstrual irregularities;
• bleeding;
• heavy and prolonged menstruation;

Diagnostic methods:

• Bacteriological (cultural) - material from the vagina is placed on a nutrient medium, where ureaplasma is grown for three days. Allows you to determine the number of bacteria in the body.
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - allows you to identify the DNA of the pathogen.
• Serological method - antibodies are detected.
• PIF and ELISA method (direct immunofluorescence and immunofluorescence analysis).

Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, since the causative agent of this disease very easily adapts to various antibiotics.

During development, ureaplasma can damage the fallopian tubes. This can lead to infertility!

Chlamydia: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Infection. Transmission occurs exclusively through sexual contact.

Symptoms:

• mucopurulent vaginal discharge (yellowish tint) with an unpleasant odor;
• itching, burning and pain in the bikini area (may intensify before menstruation);
• general weakness;
• slightly elevated temperature.

Diagnostics:

• polymerase chain reaction (PCR);
• enzyme immunoassay (ELISA);
• culture for chlamydia (culture method);
• microscopic analysis (general smear);
• immunofluorescence reaction (RIF);
• mini-test - sold in pharmacies (the most unreliable method)

• Betadine suppositories (in the vagina at night, 14 days);
• vaginal cream Dalacin C (at night, dispensed into the vagina, 5 g per week);
• azithromycin (500 mg 2 tablets once a day);
• erythromycin ointment (tampons in the evening and morning. 10-14 days);
• doxycycline (0.1 twice a day. Week);
• tetracycline ointment (tampons in the vagina in the morning and evening. 14 days).

Be sure to consult your doctor about treatment!

Complications are: Reiter's disease (urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome), urethral structure (narrowing of the urethra due to scar changes in the urethral mucosa), pelvic inflammatory diseases, ophthalmochlamydia (conjunctivitis with inclusions), chlamydial pneumonia of newborns, generalized chlamydia affecting many organs , encephalopathy with convulsions!

Cytomegalovirus: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

A virus from the herpes family that can infect people, causing cytomegaly.

Transfer occurs:

• by airborne droplets;
• through a kiss;
• sexually;
• during a blood transfusion;
• during childbirth;
• while the child is in the womb during pregnancy;
• through mother's milk.

Symptoms (manifests itself in the form of certain diseases):

• ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection);
• generalized form - CMV of internal organs may be affected;
• damage to the genitourinary system.

Diagnostics:

• detection of the presence of the virus in biological fluids of the body by identifying specific antigens using immunofluorescence;
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction);
• cell culture seeding;
• enzyme immunoassay (will detect specific antibodies in blood serum).

Treatment (sometimes requires strengthening the immune system):

• drugs effective against various types of herpes viruses;
• various antibiotics.

The prevention of this disease is a vaccine.

Dangerous for pregnant women, as if left untreated there is a risk of miscarriage!

What tests are needed to detect hidden infections?

Let's briefly look at the main types of analysis. This:

• General smear of microflora.
• Bacteriological culture for microflora.
• PCR - polymerase chain reaction.
• ELISA - enzyme immunoassays.

If the rules for preparing for tests are followed, doctors obtain a fairly accurate result and adjust the patient’s treatment. Since the infection is asymptomatic for a long time and this interferes with the timely detection of the infection, it is necessary to strictly follow all the doctor’s instructions before taking tests. For example, strictly adhere to the deadlines for collecting biomaterial (5-6 days of the cycle). Do not take antibiotics or other drugs (non-essential, if any, inform your doctor in advance). Avoid sexual intercourse 2-3 days before submitting the material. And the day before the tests, do not use personal hygiene products.

Therapy in the treatment of latent infections

1. Depending on the pathogen, antibacterial drugs are prescribed. At the initial stage of latent infection without inflammatory complications, antibacterial therapy is not carried out.
2. If an immunodeficiency state is diagnosed, then antiviral therapy (immunomodulators and immune stimulants) is used.
3. If fungal infections are detected, antifungal drugs are prescribed.
4. Hormone therapy is used to correct hormonal imbalances in women.
5. If the patient is not allergic to vitamins, then vitaminization is carried out in any treatment regimen.

A good analysis for the presence of pathologies (if there are several or one) will help identify a smear for hidden infections.

A smear for hidden infections is most often used. Since the analysis has a number of advantages: accurate identification of the pathogen and a small amount of test material. The collection is carried out from the vagina, the material is placed on glass and in a test tube. This provides material for both microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction research.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that any disease, one way or another, requires the attention of the sick person. Sometimes even mild pain that hardly bothers you can indicate an approaching serious illness. Take care of your health, because, as our wise ancestors said, “no amount of wealth can buy it”!

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